scholarly journals Muramylpeptides and other innate immunity receptor agonists in the complex treatment of allergic deseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
I G Kozlov ◽  
S V Guryanova ◽  
N V Kolesnikova ◽  
T M Andronova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Response Activation

Spread of allergic diseases testifies the inadequacy of the existing concept of pharmacotherapy. The review discusses the immunotherapy of allergic diseases based on the polarization of the immune response - activation of Th1 and suppressing of Th2-response. Clinical efficacy of glucosaminylmuramyldipeptide in atopic asthma and atopic dermatitis is presented in this review of clinical and experimental preclinical studies data.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammatory Gene Expression Pattern Is Similar between Allergic Rhinitis and Atopic Dermatitis but Distinct from Atopic Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paulina Sobkowiak ◽  
Wojciech Langwiński ◽  
Joanna Nowakowska ◽  
Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak ◽  
Dawid Szczepankiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Altered Expression

Background and Aim. Neurogenic inflammation underlies the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Interactions between neurons with the immune cells and structural cells (airway epithelium, nasal mucosa, skin keratinocytes) undergo altered regulation during chronic inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the expression of neuroinflammatory genes may be altered allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, and that, compared to atopic asthma, the expression pattern may be disease-specific in pediatric patients. Methods. In the study, we included 86 children diagnosed with atopic asthma (n=25), allergic rhinitis (n=20), and atopic dermatitis (n=20) and healthy control subjects (n=21) of Caucasian origin from the Polish population. The blood leukocyte expression of 31 genes involved in neuroinflammatory response (neurotrophins, their receptors, neuropeptides, and histamine signaling pathway) was analysed using TaqMan low-density arrays. The relative expression of selected proteins from plasma was done using TaqMan Protein Assays. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica. Results. Blood expression of 31 genes related to neuroimmune interactions showed significant increase in both allergic diseases, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in comparison to the control group. We found 12 genes significantly increased in allergic rhinitis and 9 genes in which the expression was elevated in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, 9 genes with changed expression in atopic dermatitis overlapped with those in allergic rhinitis. Atopic asthma showed 5 genes with altered expression. The peripheral expression of neuroinflammatory genes in the human study was verified in target tissues (nasal epithelium and skin) in a rat model of allergic inflammation. Conclusions. A common pattern of neuroinflammatory gene expression between allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis may reflect similar changes in sensory nerve function during chronic allergic inflammation.

scholarly journals Use of probiotics in atopic dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lise ◽  
Isis Mayer ◽  
Mauricio Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Severe Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Th1 Cytokines

SUMMARY Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease. Its increased incidence has changed the focus of research on atopic dermatitis toward epidemiology, prevention, and treatment. Evidence suggests that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis inducing immunosuppression, but its exact mechanism is still unclear. Probiotics have been widely reported to act on the immune system. They are living microorganisms with immunomodulatory effects that stimulate Th1 cytokines and suppress the Th2 response, which are being researched for the treatment of several diseases. Probiotics most commonly used are part of the intestinal microflora like lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, and enterococci. We describe here a case of evident response to the use of probiotics in a girl with severe atopic dermatitis, with a significant change in severity scores of atopic dermatitis (BSA/SCORAD/FDLQI). Modulation of the intestinal microbiota with probiotics may offer a way to prevent or treat allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis.

The importance of eukaryotic ferritins in iron handling and cytoprotection

2015 ◽  
Vol 472 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Arosio ◽  
Fernando Carmona ◽  
Raffaella Gozzelino ◽  
Federica Maccarinelli ◽  
Maura Poli
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Iron Incorporation ◽  
Iron Storage Proteins ◽  
Response Activation

Ferritins, the main intracellular iron storage proteins, have been studied for over 60 years, mainly focusing on the mammalian ones. This allowed the elucidation of the structure of these proteins and the mechanisms regulating their iron incorporation and mineralization. However, ferritin is present in most, although not all, eukaryotic cells, comprising monocellular and multicellular invertebrates and vertebrates. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the general properties of ferritins that are common to various eukaryotic phyla (except plants), and to give an overview on the structure, function and regulation of ferritins. An update on the animal models that were used to characterize H, L and mitochondrial ferritins is also provided. The data show that ferritin structure is highly conserved among different phyla. It exerts an important cytoprotective function against oxidative damage and plays a role in innate immunity, where it also contributes to prevent parenchymal tissue from the cytotoxicity of pro-inflammatory agonists released by the activation of the immune response activation. Less clear are the properties of the secretory ferritins expressed by insects and molluscs, which may be important for understanding the role played by serum ferritin in mammals.

scholarly journals Periostin and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin—Potential Crosstalk in Obstructive Airway Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3667
Author(s):  
Patrycja Nejman-Gryz ◽  
Katarzyna Górska ◽  
Magdalena Paplińska-Goryca ◽  
Małgorzata Proboszcz ◽  
Rafał Krenke
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin ◽  
Atopic Asthma ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Obstructive Airway Diseases

Periostin and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) are newly described markers of obstructive airway diseases and the mechanism by which both markers participate in immune response remains poorly understood. The aim of our study was to determine periostin and TSLP concentration in serum and induced sputum (IS) in patients with atopic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and controls, as well as to evaluate the potential link between periostin, TSLP, and Th2 immune response. Serum and IS levels of periostin, TSLP, IL-4, and IL-13 were determined in 12 atopic asthmatics, 16 COPD sufferers, and 10 controls. We noticed a significantly higher IS periostin and TSLP concentration at protein and mRNA level in asthmatics compared to the two other groups; additionally, periostin and TSLP were correlated positively with IS eosinophil count. A strong positive correlation between IS periostin and TSLP protein levels (r = 0.96) as well as mRNA expression level (r = 0.95) was found in patients with asthma. The results of our study show that periostin and TSLP are associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation and seem to be important drivers of atopic asthma but not COPD pathobiology. Very strong correlations between local periostin, TSLP, eosinophils, and IL-4 in asthma point to the link between periostin–TSLP and Th2 response.

scholarly journals Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kimberley Jayne Meijlink
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
House Dust Mite ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Western World ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Allergic March

<p>Helminth parasites are one of the most common infectious agents of humans and cause significant health and economic burdens in the countries they are endemic in, making elimination an important goal. However, epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between the incidences of infections by helminth parasites in humans and autoimmune and allergic disease prevalence worldwide; it is thought the eradication of parasites in more affluent countries through improved hygiene is an important factor for the increasing incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases encountered in the Western world.  A Th2 immune response is central in providing immunity against helminth parasites, while suppressing T helper (Th) 1/Th17-mediated inflammation and inducing wound repair mechanisms. Helminths have developed strategies to directly regulate the immune response against them to ensure their own survival. Experimental evidence has demonstrated helminths are also able to dampen inflammatory bystander immune responses in their host, via induction of regulatory mechanisms such as regulatory T cells. These studies have focused primarily on the suppression of food and airway allergies in mouse models and there is limited data on the effect of helminth parasites on skin allergy e.g. atopic dermatitis.  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic/chronically relapsing Th2 inflammatory skin condition, characterized by skin lesions, dry itchy skin and impaired skin barrier function. This is believed to allow the entrance of other allergens into the body more easily, leading to sensitization and initiation of other allergies later in life, a process termed the ‘Allergic March’. With the increased incidence of allergy in the Western world, it is desirable to find new therapies to suppress AD and the onset of the allergic march.  During my Masters, I have investigated whether the gut-dwelling mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus was able to suppress Th2 responses induced in skin tissue using two different allergy models: 1) intradermal injection (ID) of whole mashed-up house dust mite (HDM), which induces Th2 inflammatory responses, and 2) topical application of the chemical hapten dibutyl phthalate-fluorescein isothiocyanate (DBP-FITC), mimicking allergic responses seen in AD. The results show that H. polygyrus induces interleukin (IL)-4 production in tissues distal to the gut, including the ear skin tissue, mainly from cluster of differentiation (CD) 4⁺ T cells. Furthermore, helminth infection was able to suppress Th2-mediated inflammation in the skin in both house dust mite and DBP-FITC models, coinciding with an increase in the proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin-associated lymph nodes (LNs). This research further demonstrates the potential use of helminth parasites, or their products, as a therapy for allergic diseases, including those of the skin.</p>

scholarly journals Influence of topical immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus on local immune response in skin of atopic dermatitis patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
O G Elisyutina ◽  
E S Fedenko ◽  
M N Boldyreva ◽  
V V Kadochnikova
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Severe Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Topical Tacrolimus ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Before And After

Background. To study tacrolimus 0,1% ointment influence on the skin local immune parameters in patients with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with moderate (n=20) and severe (n=10) AD. All patients underwent a topical continuous course of treatment with tacrolimus 0,1% ointment twice a day for 14 days. The clinical efficacy of tacrolimus 0,1% ointment was evaluated by the change of the following parameters: SCORAD index, Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) before and after the treatment. All patients underwent a study of local immune response before and after the treatment with the assessment of the expression of IL4, IL5, IL7, IL8, IL10, IL17A, IL23, IL23, IFNγ TGFB1, FOXP3 genes in irritated and treated skin lesions obtained by biopsy. Results. Positive clinical effect - reduction of infiltration, papular rash, dryness, intensity of itch, reflected in the significant decreasing of SCORAD index and IGA was found. The significant decreasing of TGFß (p=0,043308) and IL8 (p=0,038867) gene expression level was revealed, TGFβ and IL8 are the markers of chronic inflammation in atopic dermatitis. The decrease of these parameters during the topical tacrolimus treatment demonstrates local immune response changes in the skin, accompanied by improvement of AD symptoms. Conclusion. The study showed clinical efficacy as well as immunosuppressive activity of tacrolimus 0,1% ointment in patients with moderate and severe AD represented in decreasing of proinflammatory cytokines gene expression TGFβ and IL8 in skin lesions.

scholarly journals Local and systemic immune response in patients withsevere atopic dermatitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
T M Filimonova ◽  
Ol'ga Gur'evna Elisyutina ◽  
E S Fedenko ◽  
D D Niyazov ◽  
M N Boldyreva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Healthy Donors

Background. to comparatively investigate cytokine gene expression in the skin and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients and healthy individuals. Methods. Samples of skin and peripheral blood from 48 severe AD patients SCORAD (Scoring Atopic Dermatitis) 78,5 [57; 89], IGA (Investigators Global Assessment) 4,2 [3,9; 4,7]) at the age of 17 to 45 years and 20 healthy donors aged from 19 to 32 years were analyzed for gene expression of cytokines using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results. In the skin of patients with AD, a significant increase of the level of gene expression was observed for interleukin IL2R (interleukin) (р=0,0023), IL5 (р=0,002), IL6 (р=0,0023), IL8 (р=0,01), IL12β (р=0,0023), IL10 (р=0,0023), IL23 (р=0,002), IL29 (р=0,0023), and TGFβ (transforming growth factor) (p=0,0023) as compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, no difference between AD patients and healthy donors was detected with respect to cytokine gene expression in the peripheral blood. Conclusions. Activity of IL-2R, IL-8, IL-12β, IL-23, IL-29, and TGFβ that are markers of chronic inflammation and Th1 immune response in severe AD and IL-5, IL-10 that are anti-inflammatory cytokines and markers of Th2 response was predominant in the skin but not in the blood of AD patients.

scholarly journals VITAMIN D AND ALLERGIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina I. Smirnova ◽  
R. E. Rumyantsev
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Sick Children

There are presented data on the participation of vitamin D in the formation of various forms of allergic pathology in children. The spectrum of knowledge about the biological properties of vitamin D has recently expanded significantly. There are described peculiarities of metabolism of vitamin D and its participation in the leading links of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD): in the regulation of the immune response, violations of the integrity of the epidermal barrier and the realization of allergic inflammation in the skin. The pathogenetic significance of vitamin D deficiency in the formation of bronchial asthma (BA) is discussed. Possibilities of the use of vitamin D and its analogues in AD and BA patients are indicated. The authors believe the compensation for vitamin D (hormone) D deficiency in allergic pathology to be an important preventive and curative task within the framework of therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of sick children.

scholarly journals Can a gut helminth parasite influence Th2 inflammatory responses in the skin?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Kimberley Jayne Meijlink
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
House Dust Mite ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Western World ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Dust Mite ◽  
Allergic March

<p>Helminth parasites are one of the most common infectious agents of humans and cause significant health and economic burdens in the countries they are endemic in, making elimination an important goal. However, epidemiological studies have suggested an inverse correlation between the incidences of infections by helminth parasites in humans and autoimmune and allergic disease prevalence worldwide; it is thought the eradication of parasites in more affluent countries through improved hygiene is an important factor for the increasing incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases encountered in the Western world.  A Th2 immune response is central in providing immunity against helminth parasites, while suppressing T helper (Th) 1/Th17-mediated inflammation and inducing wound repair mechanisms. Helminths have developed strategies to directly regulate the immune response against them to ensure their own survival. Experimental evidence has demonstrated helminths are also able to dampen inflammatory bystander immune responses in their host, via induction of regulatory mechanisms such as regulatory T cells. These studies have focused primarily on the suppression of food and airway allergies in mouse models and there is limited data on the effect of helminth parasites on skin allergy e.g. atopic dermatitis.  Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic/chronically relapsing Th2 inflammatory skin condition, characterized by skin lesions, dry itchy skin and impaired skin barrier function. This is believed to allow the entrance of other allergens into the body more easily, leading to sensitization and initiation of other allergies later in life, a process termed the ‘Allergic March’. With the increased incidence of allergy in the Western world, it is desirable to find new therapies to suppress AD and the onset of the allergic march.  During my Masters, I have investigated whether the gut-dwelling mouse parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus was able to suppress Th2 responses induced in skin tissue using two different allergy models: 1) intradermal injection (ID) of whole mashed-up house dust mite (HDM), which induces Th2 inflammatory responses, and 2) topical application of the chemical hapten dibutyl phthalate-fluorescein isothiocyanate (DBP-FITC), mimicking allergic responses seen in AD. The results show that H. polygyrus induces interleukin (IL)-4 production in tissues distal to the gut, including the ear skin tissue, mainly from cluster of differentiation (CD) 4⁺ T cells. Furthermore, helminth infection was able to suppress Th2-mediated inflammation in the skin in both house dust mite and DBP-FITC models, coinciding with an increase in the proportions of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in skin-associated lymph nodes (LNs). This research further demonstrates the potential use of helminth parasites, or their products, as a therapy for allergic diseases, including those of the skin.</p>

scholarly journals Levocetirizine in clinical practice of allergist

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
O G Elisyutina ◽  
O V Shtyrbul
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Histamine Receptors ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Levocetirizine is an effective H1-blocker of histamine receptors in complex treatment of various allergic diseases. The article presents the literature data and own observational data on clinical efficacy and safety of levocetirizine in the treatment of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, allergic dermatoses.

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