scholarly journals Problems of diagnostic evaluation and prophylaxis of drug allergy to local anesthetics

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
L V Luss ◽  
N V Shartanova ◽  
I V Luss ◽  
N V Shartanova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Drug Allergy ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation

This review represents modern data about the mechanisms, clinical features, diagnostics problems and prophylaxis of drug allergy to local anesthetics.

Horner Syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Horner Syndrome

Horner syndrome can be caused by a lesion anywhere along the oculosympathetic pathway. Although there may be other signs that help with localization of the lesion, the syndrome often occurs in isolation. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the anatomy of the oculosympathetic pathway. We next describe the clinical features of Horner syndrome, which include ipsilateral miosis and eyelid ptosis. We then discuss the role and potential pitfalls of pharmacologic pupil testing in the diagnostic evaluation of Horner syndrome. We review the potential causes for Horner syndrome, with a focus on causes for acute isolated painful Horner syndrome, such as internal carotid artery dissection. Lastly, we discuss the workup, management, and potential complications of internal carotid artery dissection.

Immediate- and delayed-type allergic reactions to amide local anesthetics: clinical features and skin testing

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 595-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Fuzier ◽  
Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre ◽  
Paul-Michel Mertes ◽  
Jean-François Nicolas ◽  
Yves Benoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Allergic Reactions

Pharmacology of Neural Blockade

2010 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Duncan ◽  
Paula A. Craigo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Local Anesthetics ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Neural Blockade ◽  
Additional Information

Chapter 2 reviews the mechanism of action for local anesthetics. Clinical features such as potency, onset of action, duration, and dose are discussed. Drug metabolism, toxicity (local and systemic), and its treatment are included. The chapter concludes with additional information on adjuvant medications (eg, epinephrine, clonidine) used to extend or enhance the clinical effects of local anesthetics.

Clinical features and diagnostic evaluation of 83 biopsy-proven sarcoid uveitis cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 1372-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Febvay ◽  
Laurent Kodjikian ◽  
Delphine Maucort-Boulch ◽  
Laurent Perard ◽  
Jean Iwaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation

Unexplained Vision Loss

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Cone Dystrophy ◽  
Autoimmune Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Strategies ◽  
Cancer Associated Retinopathy ◽  
Visual Complaints

When visual complaints are out of proportion to examination findings, nonorganic vision loss or a disorder of higher visual function may be suspected. However, certain ophthalmic causes of vision loss should also be considered. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing potential causes of unexplained vision loss, including refractive error, corneal disorders (e.g., keratoconus), optic neuropathy, and occult retinopathy. We next discuss clinical strategies and investigations that can help to identify certain causes of unexplained vision loss. Lastly, we discuss the clinical features, causes, and diagnostic evaluation of occult retinopathy, with a focus on conditions that cause cone photoreceptor dysfunction, such as cone dystrophy, cancer-associated retinopathy, and autoimmune retinopathy.

Homonymous Hemianopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Thurtell ◽  
Robert L. Tomsak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Evaluation ◽  
Homonymous Hemianopia ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Common Causes

Homonymous hemianopia is caused by unilateral lesions involving the retrochiasmal visual pathways or primary visual cortex. Common causes of homonymous hemianopia include stroke, tumor, and trauma. In this chapter, we begin by reviewing the clinical features that can help to localize the lesion and determine its cause. We next discuss the diagnostic evaluation of homonymous hemianopia, emphasizing the importance of formal visual field testing. We list causes of homonymous hemianopia that produce minimal or no abnormalities on neuroimaging, which include migraine, seizures, encephalopathies, and neurodegenerative disorders. Lastly, we discuss the implications of homonymous hemianopia for driving and strategies for rehabilitation.

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