scholarly journals Analysis of wearing masks compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the Health Belief Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Dhandi Wijaya ◽  
Misnaniarti Misnaniarti ◽  
Rico Januar Sitorus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Cues To Action ◽  
The Government

Background: Maintaining physical distance, washing hands, and wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic are very important in preventing the spread of the virus. However, although the use of facemasks is relatively easy to do, its compliance is considered low.Objective: This study aimed to analyze compliance in wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 residents in Palembang, Indonesia, selected using simple random sampling from August to September 2021. Data were collected using online questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and multivariate using logistic regression.Results: The findings revealed that sex, education, and employment status were significant relationships to compliance to wearing masks (p0.05), but age and family income were not significantly related (p0.05). Multivariate analysis showed only perceived severity and cues to action had a significant relationship with compliance to wearing masks after it was controlled by the sex variable (p0.05), with PR of 0.558 (95% CI 0.331-0.941) and 0.410 (95% CI 0.242-0.696), consecutively.Conclusion: Perceived severity and cues to action are factors that influence compliance to wearing masks. Therefore, these two factors should be considered by public health practitioners as well as the government to increase the compliance wearing masks. 

scholarly journals Knowledge and Effects of Teenage Pregnancies Among the Adolescent Girls Between 13 To 19 Years at Mukono Parish Kanungu District – Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hubert Nkabura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teen Mother ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Available Information

Background:  Teenage pregnancy prevalence is at 25%, 16% of Ugandan women are married by the age of 15 years, and 53% by the age of 18 years. Available information reveals that teenage pregnancies carry a higher health risk and girls under 15 years are five times more likely to die in childbirth than females in their twenties. An estimate of 6,000 teenagers dies annually from maternal related complications. Methodology:  A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 where a total of 100 respondents were selected from Mukono Parish residents’ register using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Results:  76% had prior knowledge about sex education whereas 24% had not. 42% got the information from the school a gesture that respondents took part in the classroom discussion about sexuality, 28% from newspapers –straight talk, 16% health worker, and 14% from their parents. 45% believed that school dropout is due to social effect of teenage pregnancy, 34% said that teen mother is more likely to have no or low qualifications and 9% said that child of a teen mother is more likely to abuse drugs, 12% don’t know any of the social effects. Conclusion and recommendations: Teenagers in Uganda are informed about sex education. The government in conjunction with the development partners needs to include sex education in the school curriculum. The girl child needs to be educated on how to protect herself and avoid becoming a victim of teenage pregnancy. Parents should not shy away from educating their children about sex education while they are still young, by so doing the teens grow knowing the consequences of early pregnancy. Pregnant teenagers need to be encouraged to attend antenatal care as well as welcomed into society without stigmatization.

Knowledge and Effects of Teenage Pregnancies Among the Adolescent Girls Between 13 To 19 Years at Mukono Parish Kanungu District – Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hubert Nkabura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teen Mother ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Available Information

Background:  Teenage pregnancy prevalence is at 25%, 16% of Ugandan women are married by the age of 15 years and 53% by the age of 18 years. Available information reveals that teenage pregnancies carry a higher health risk and girls under 15 years are five times more likely to die in childbirth than females in their twenties. An estimate of 6,000 teenagers dies annually from maternal related complications. Methodology:  A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 where a total of 100 respondents were selected from Mukono Parish residents’ register using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Results:  76% had prior knowledge about sex education whereas 24% had not. 42% got the information from the school a gesture that respondents took part in the classroom discussion about sexuality, 28% from newspapers –straight talk, 16% health worker, and 14% from their parents. 45% believed that school dropout is due to social effect of teenage pregnancy, 34% said that teen mother is more likely to have no or low qualifications and 9% said that child of a teen mother is more likely to abuse drugs, 12% don’t know any of the social effects.  Conclusion and recommendations:  Teenagers in Uganda are informed about sex education. The government in conjunction with the development partners needs to include sex education in the school curriculum. The girl child needs to be educated on how to protect herself and avoid becoming a victim of teenage pregnancy. Parents should not shy away from educating their children about sex education while they are still young, by so doing the teens grow knowing the consequences of early pregnancy. Pregnant teenagers need to be encouraged to attend antenatal care as well as welcomed into society without stigmatization.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and Effects of Teenage Pregnancies Among the Adolescent Girls Between 13 To 19 Years at Mukono Parish Kanungu District – Uganda.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Hubert Nkabura
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teen Mother ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Available Information

Abstract Background: Teenage pregnancy prevalence is at 25%, 16% of Ugandan women are married by the age of 15 years, and 53% by the age of 18 years. Available information reveals that teenage pregnancies carry a higher health risk and girls under 15 years are five times more likely to die in childbirth than females in their twenties. An estimate of 6,000 teenagers dies annually from maternal related complications. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in February 2016 where a total of 100 respondents were selected from Mukono Parish residents’ register using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire. Results: 76% had prior knowledge about sex education whereas 24% had not. 42% got the information from the school a gesture that respondents took part in the classroom discussion about sexuality, 28% from newspapers –straight talk, 16% health worker, and 14% from their parents. 45% believed that school dropout is due to social effect of teenage pregnancy, 34% said that teen mother is more likely to have no or low qualifications and 9% said that child of a teen mother is more likely to abuse drugs, 12% don’t know any of the social effects. Conclusion and recommendations: Teenagers in Uganda are informed about sex education. The government in conjunction with the development partners needs to include sex education in the school curriculum. The girl child needs to be educated on how to protect herself and avoid becoming a victim of teenage pregnancy. Parents should not shy away from educating their children about sex education while they are still young, by so doing the teens grow knowing the consequences of early pregnancy. Pregnant teenagers need to be encouraged to attend antenatal care as well as welcomed into society without stigmatization.

scholarly journals Stigma Related to Tuberculosis Among Patients Attending DOTS Clinics of Dharan Municipality

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aryal ◽  
A Badhu ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
A Bhandari ◽  
P Khatiwoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Past History ◽  
Treatment Phase ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

Background The patients suffering from tuberculosis are receiving shame and unfair treatment from the people living around them within their own society attending DOTS clinic of Dharan municipality. Objective To assess the stigma experienced by tuberculosis patients and to find out the association between stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patient and the selected variables (socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profile and illness experience). Methods Descriptive Cross Sectional study was done among sixty tuberculosis patients. Stratified random sampling was used to select the main center and sub center of Tuberculosis treatment and population proportionate simple random sampling using lottery method was done. Data was collected using predesigned, pretested performa from Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue developed by World Health Organization. Results The study revealed that 63.3% of the subjects were stigmatized. There was association between stigma and variables such as occupation, monthly family income and past history of Tuberculosis. There was also association of stigma with treatment phase, category of the patient and past outcome of illness. Conclusion Due to lack of knowledge and awareness about Tuberculosis, many patients were stigmatized. Efforts should be made to educate the public about Tuberculosis to reduce stigma experienced by Tuberculosis patients and improve the compliance of the patient. KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL JOURNAL  VOL.10 | NO. 1 | ISSUE 37 | JAN - MAR 2012 | 48-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i1.6914

The Financial Cost Incurred by Families of Children on Long-Term Dialysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulafeez Bello ◽  
Beauty Sangweni ◽  
Abdullah Mudi ◽  
Tholang Khumalo ◽  
Glenda Moonsamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transport Cost ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Grant

Background Costs of dialysis reported in countries where dialysis is government-funded are often those incurred by the state, and only a few take into account the financial burden to the family of the index patient. This study investigated the financial cost implication to families of pediatric patients on maintenance dialysis and how aid provided by the government alleviates their financial burden. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study recruited 24 children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD), and a structured questionnaire was administered to the parents/caregivers of these patients to obtain information on their family size, total family income, cost of transportation, employment status of attending caregiver, and number of work days missed due to hospital visits. Results Complete data were available for 19 patients (7 on PD and 12 on HD). The mean age was 14 ± 6 years, and there were 11 males and 8 females. The average monthly income of the families recruited was 2,946 ZAR (261 USD). This amount included the contribution of a monthly state-provided social grant of 1,300 ZAR (115 USD) in 16/19 subjects. The average monthly expenditure of the HD and PD groups made up 27.1% and 4.9% of their average income. Conclusion Transport cost for our patients on dialysis significantly impacts on the overall family income, especially for patients on HD, and, without government aid, the families of our patients would have far less money available for their daily needs.

scholarly journals The utility of health belief model to explain self-protective behaviour against pneumoconiosis in Chinese underground coal miners: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e026772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Liu ◽  
Wanli Chen ◽  
Renjie Qi ◽  
Yang Geng ◽  
Ya Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Behaviour ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Cues To Action ◽  
Belief Model

ObjectivesCoal workers’ pneumoconiosis is caused by exposure to respirable coal mine dust. The self-protection of underground coal miners (UCM) plays an irreplaceable role against this threat. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of self-protective behaviour (SPB) in Chinese UCM based on the health belief model (HBM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 341 UCM in January 2016 in Pingdingshan City, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire, which included questions on sociodemographic characteristics, HBM variables and SPB. An exploratory factor analysis of the principal components with varimax rotation was carried out on the HBM-related items. Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, HBM variables and SPB.ResultsMultiple regression analysis demonstrated the monthly income (B=0.403, p=0.001), the internal cues to action (B=0.380, p<0.001) and external cues to action (B=0.401, p<0.001) as the predictors of UCM’s SPB, accounting for 24.8% of total variance (F=34.96, p<0.001), while the cognition variables of HBM were not significantly associated with SPB.ConclusionThe results suggested that both internal and external cues to action were powerful predictors for SPB. These findings highlight that further efforts are required to provide the UCM with periodic health check-up reports and promote the active role of doctors and family members in miners’ decision-making to simulate them for better SPB.Ethics approvalAll data collection procedures received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Xuhui District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (XHHEC-2016–7).

scholarly journals SOCIAL DETERMINANT OF STUNTING AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Sari Priyanti ◽  
Agustin Dwi Syalfina
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Under Five

Stunting is condition of nutritional status based on length for age or height for age with Z-score value that equal to or less than minus two standard deviation (-2 SD). Therefore, the purpose this study to analyze the factors affecting of stunting. This cross sectional study done in Dlanggu primary health care. Sample taken with simple random sampling technique amounted to 88 respondents. Colectting data with check list and questionnaire or analyze with chi square and logistic regression. Result of bivariat shows length of born (PR=1,676; 95%CI=1,060-2,651), family income (PR=2,333; 95%CI=1,297-4,199), size of upper arm circumfence of the mother (PR=2,288; 95%CI=1,492-3,508), and complication of pregnant (PR=2,154; 95%CI=1,297-3,578) was risk factor of the stunting in children under five years. The most factor has influenced of stunting based on multivariate thas education of mother, family income and complication of pregnant. Prevention of stunting with successful movement of the first 1000 days of life through improved mutrition of pregnant, given exclusive breast feeding and balanced nutrition in the family.

scholarly journals Immunization Visit Delay in Children Aged 0-24 Months During The Covid-19 Pandemic in Greater Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-436
Author(s):  
Istianah Surury ◽  
Siti Riptifah Tri Handari
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Observational Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Service ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vaccine Availability

The COVID-19 pandemic since the beginning of 2020 has had a significant impact on other essential health services. One of them is the immunization service. Jakarta, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, or Greater Jakarta is the epicenter of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia. This study aimed to find the distribution of immunization delay in women with children aged 0-24 months and its reasons in Greater Jakarta. This study used an observational method with a cross-sectional study design. The research process was carried out for six months, from June to November 2020, and 274 samples were collected through online google forms. The study found the proportion of mothers who delayed their children's immunization was 48,9%. The most common reasons are fear of being infected with COVID-19, health facilities not providing immunizations for children, limited vaccine availability, and declining family income during the pandemic. The government should increase the promotion of primary immunization to the community and ensure the availability, safety, and implementation of health protocols in health care facilities.

scholarly journals Pattern of knowledge and consumption of iron among teachers of reproductive age group in Jammu region: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2150
Author(s):  
Neha Choudhary ◽  
Preeti Manhas ◽  
Akash Narangyal ◽  
Rohan Singh Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intergenerational Cycle ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge

Background: Iron deficiency is caused by a persisting imbalance between a person’s dietary intake and body’s physiological demand of iron. A catch hold of these causes needs to be undertaken to break the intergenerational cycle of anaemia as well as recurrent infections associated with it. Objectives was to assess knowledge and consumption of iron among teachers in the reproductive age group.Methods: 110 school teachers were selected from selected government and private schools (primary/middle/ secondary/higher secondary) by simple random sampling technique. Teacher’s knowledge and consumption of iron consumption and associated factors was studied using a pre- tested; self- administered questionnaire.Results: 58.3% teachers were in the 30-39 year age group. Maximum were married 85.45%, 61.81% were post- graduates and 42.72% were in higher-secondary schools. 60.90% had a family income of >Rs 30000. 70.90% believed foods are the best source of iron. 57.27%, 53.63% believed menstruation effects body source of iron. 80.90% and 85.45% believed that iron has a role in pregnancy and iron rich foods and tablets are sufficient to maintain its body stores.Conclusions: IEC activities needs to be conducted among different strata of population so that the intake of iron could be increased and associated factors effecting its intake and absorption could be taken care of.

scholarly journals Saudi Women’s Health Beliefs about Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashael K Alshaikh ◽  
Juren P. Baldove ◽  
Salman Rawaf
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Saudi Women

Abstract Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a major worldwide public health issue, is of significant concern as several studies confirm the high prevalence of CVD risk in Saudi women. However, limited has focused on how these risks are affected by health beliefs and socioeconomic variables. The Health Belief Model was used to compare Saudi women’s perceived health beliefs with their calculated Framingham Risk Score (FRS) to determine their risk for a future CVD event and the influence of socio-economic variables on the prevalence of CVD risk.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on women attending the primary care clinics in a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A non-random convenience sample was selected of adult women without pre-existing CVD. Health belief and sociodemographic data were collected, and FRS calculated.Results A total of 503 Saudi females participated, the majority of whom significantly underestimated their actual risk of CVD as measured by their individual FRS. 43.4% had a high CVD risk but a low perception of susceptibility. 63.5% understood the severity of CVD, while 75.2% had a low to moderate perception of the benefits of healthy behaviours. 86.7% did not know how to perform CVD risk-reducing exercises, and 65.9 % stated that they did not have access to exercise facilities. Pearson correlations suggest a weak linear relationship between the FRS and the subscales of each health belief. However, there was a significant relationship between the Framingham scores across income, marital status, education and occupational status categories (p<= 0.001) in Chi-Square tests. Significant differences were found when comparing perceived benefits of healthy behaviours with marital status; perceived severity and benefits with the level of education; perceived severity and benefits with occupation; and perceived severity and benefits with financial income. Conclusions This study is the first in Saudi Arabia to examine the correlation between health beliefs, calculated CVD risk, and socioeconomic variables among Saudi women. Education and income were vital elements affecting their CVD risk and health beliefs, and these have implications for public health policy-making.

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