Characteristics of Intrusion MO and Perception of Target Hardening of Burglars

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 33-61
Author(s):  
Hyeonho Park ◽  
◽  
Kang-Il Kim ◽  
Hyo-gun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Target Hardening

A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Target Hardening CPTED for Preventing Burglary

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32
Author(s):  
Kang-Il Kim ◽  
Joon-Tag Cho ◽  
Hyeon-Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Quasi Experimental

The uncertain commodity of ‘security’: Are private security companies ‘value for money’ for domestic violence services?

2021 ◽  
pp. 263380762110466
Author(s):  
Diarmaid Harkin
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Private Security Companies ◽  
Domestic Violence Services ◽  
Security Companies

Reflecting on Loader and White ’s (2018) suggestion that the labour of private security workers is difficult to ‘commodify’, this paper uses original empirical data to show that there are four elements to what private security workers ‘do’ for victims of domestic violence when contracted by domestic violence advocacy services: they provide (a) practical ‘target-hardening’ measures, (b) ‘expert’ advice on security, (c) forms of ‘security therapy’ as workers talk clients through their safety-based anxieties and (d) forms of ‘security theatre’ as workers provide the appearance of providing security despite the efficacy often being unclear or uncertain. Each of these elements have significant risks that can threaten the interests of victims and domestic violence services.

Online Activism to Cybercrime

2020 ◽  
pp. 334-346
Author(s):  
Anita W. McMurtry ◽  
Larry D. Stewart ◽  
Curtis L. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Online Activism

This article defines hacktivism and provides an overview and background on the development, challenges, and activities associated with the term. It further discusses hacktivism involving political elections, financial records, and dangers to society posed by hacktivists. Coverage was assigned to solutions which involved a multi-country response, addressing infrastructure weaknesses in those countries, technological challenges such as phreaking, and target hardening involving modern day institutions. Solutions, recommendations, and implications for future research are provided.

scholarly journals Linking Burglary and Target Hardening at the Property Level: New Insights Into Victimization and Burglary Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Hirschfield ◽  
Andrew Newton ◽  
Michelle Rogerson
Keyword(s):  
Target Hardening

scholarly journals Supermarket Operators’ Perception of Effects: Shoplifting Crimes Within the CBD In Nairobi County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Tonui Paul Kiprugut ◽  
Panuel Mwaeke ◽  
Wokabi Mwangi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Frequency Identification

This paper established prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and determined the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by three objectives: to establish offender characteristics of the shoplifting crimes, to establish prevalence of the characteristics in the shoplifting crimes and to determine the supermarket operators’ perception of the effects of shoplifting crimes on society. The study was guided by Rational Choice and the Routine Activity Theories. The study used a census sampling technique with a sample size of a hundred respondents. These included 90 junior employees of Tuskys, Uchumi and Naivas Supermarkets, 3 branch managers, 3 police officers within the area of the study and 4 officials of the Nairobi Supermarkets Association. Interview schedule was used to collect data. Data collected was organized, summarized and interpreted thematically by use of graphs, frequency tables, and percentages. The findings revealed that the prevalence of shoplifting was 1-2 incidences in a week. The results also revealed that the most commonly used method was concealing of items which were majorly done by women. Further, whereas there are other types of shoplifters, a concern raised by 30% of the respondents is that significant number of criminals has made shoplifting a career. This should inform policy makers, especially in this era of unprecedented unemployment. Additionally, as indicated by 55% of the respondents, staff colluded with criminals to steal from the supermarkets. This should appeal to supermarket operators as this may have an implication on supermarket businesses in the CBD. The study recommends several target hardening strategies to counter shoplifting crimes that included using high Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and Electronic Article Surveillance (EAS) programmed surveillance and records linked to the law enforcement through alarm trigger alerts in case of suspicious activities, with high-quality identifiable traceable images of shoplifters, to local law enforcement agencies.

Examining the Effect of Perceived Responsibility on Online Bystander Intervention, Target Hardening, and Inaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110550
Author(s):  
Leah C. Butler ◽  
Amanda Graham ◽  
Bonnie S. Fisher ◽  
Billy Henson ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Bystander Intervention ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Online Harassment ◽  
Target Hardening ◽  
Analyze Data

Failure to take responsibility for intervening has been identified as a primary barrier to bystander intervention. Building on these findings, we examine how perceptions of responsibility affect responses to witnessing victimization in the online realm—a topic that has received limited attention. Using a maximum-likelihood selection model, we analyze data from the Pew American Trends Panel ( N = 3709) to estimate the effects of respondents’ perceptions of the role different groups should play in addressing online harassment on their likelihood to engage in intervention, target hardening, or inaction in response to witnessing online harassment, conditioned upon their likelihood of having witnessed such behavior. Findings indicate that the greater role respondents believe online users should have in addressing online harassment, the more likely they are to intervene. ( b = .310). The greater role respondents believe law enforcement or elected officials should have in addressing online harassment, the less likely they are to intervene ( b = −.135 and −.072, respectively). These findings have implications for future efforts to curb online harassment through users’ crime prevention efforts.

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