scholarly journals Customised light source for Sinuscope - A Novel Design

2019 ◽  
Vol VOLUME 7 (VOLUME 7 NUMBER 2 NOV 2018) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Metallic Tube ◽  
External Light Source ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Poor Infrastructure

Sinuscopes are durable instruments that deliver excellent visualization needed for diagnostic, therapeutic and surgical sinus and nasal procedures. It requires a light source like all other endoscopes for illumination of the objects. In lieu of expensive cost of commercial external light source we have designed a hand held customized low cost light source for sinuscope to be highly cost effective in routine practice particularly at places with poor infrastructure. This customized light source consists of hallow metallic tube fitted with LED bulb connected with battery which description we are sending for its patenting before presenting it for publication.

Rimdas: A Proposed System for Reducing Runway Incursions

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Squire ◽  
Jane H. Barrow ◽  
Kevin T. Durkee ◽  
Carl “Mac” Smith ◽  
Jennifer C. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Flexible System ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Runway Incursions ◽  
Runway Incursion ◽  
Novel Design

FEATURE AT A GLANCE: To address the increasingly serious problem of runway incursions at airports, we developed a novel design based on inexpensive sensor technology and a hybrid cognitive engineering development plan. Alerting time and monetary costs were critical factors in the creation of a low-cost, scalable, and flexible system that can directly warn pilots and air traffic controllers of impending incursions. This article describes the human-centered design process used to develop an alternative to current runway incursion prevention systems. Because it is cost-effective, the system could be employed at nearly any airport regardless of size or budget.

scholarly journals Wireless cystoscope the future of cystoscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Chatzipapas ◽  
Nikolaos Kathopoulis ◽  
Panagiota Siemou ◽  
Atthanasios Protopapas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Urinary Tract Injury ◽  
Portable Camera ◽  
Lower Urinary

Cystoscopy during a hysterectomy may decrease the rate of lower urinary tract injury. Our department has developed a new wireless endoscopic setup that couples a rigid 30 degree , 4-mm cystoscope with a wireless camera modified with a special adapter. We used a portable and rechargeable light source. Two cases performed with the new setup are presented in the videos. This report presents the use of a wireless, low-cost and portable camera throughout the course of cystoscopy and the results are promising. The new technique is feasible and easy reproducible and could contribute to making cystoscopy during gynecologic surgery cost-effective.

scholarly journals Wireless cystoscope the future of cystoscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Chatzipapas ◽  
Nikolaos Kathopoulis ◽  
Panagiota Siemou ◽  
Atthanasios Protopapas
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Urinary Tract Injury ◽  
Portable Camera ◽  
Lower Urinary

Cystoscopy during a hysterectomy may decrease the rate of lower urinary tract injury. Our department has developed a new wireless endoscopic setup that couples a rigid 30 degree , 4-mm cystoscope with a wireless camera modified with a special adapter. We used a portable and rechargeable light source. Two cases performed with the new setup are presented in the videos. This report presents the use of a wireless, low-cost and portable camera throughout the course of cystoscopy and the results are promising. The new technique is feasible and easy reproducible and could contribute to making cystoscopy during gynecologic surgery cost-effective.

scholarly journals Low-cost photolithography system for cell biology labs

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 550-553
Author(s):  
Benjamin K. Naggay ◽  
Kerstin Frey ◽  
Markus Schneider ◽  
Kiriaki Athanasopulu ◽  
Günter Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Level

Abstract Soft lithography, a tool widely applied in biology and life sciences with numerous applications, uses the soft molding of photolithography-generated master structures by polymers. The central part of a photolithography set-up is a mask-aligner mostly based on a high-pressure mercury lamp as an ultraviolet (UV) light source. This type of light source requires a high level of maintenance and shows a decreasing intensity over its lifetime, influencing the lithography outcome. In this paper, we present a low-cost, bench-top photolithography tool based on ninety-eight 375 nm light-emitting diodes (LEDs). With approx. 10 W, our presented lithography set-up requires only a fraction of the energy of a conventional lamp, the LEDs have a guaranteed lifetime of 1000 h, which becomes noticeable by at least 2.5 to 15 times more exposure cycles compared to a standard light source and with costs less than 850 C it is very affordable. Such a set-up is not only attractive to small academic and industrial fabrication facilities who want to enable work with the technology of photolithography and cannot afford a conventional set-up, but also microfluidic teaching laboratories and microfluidic research and development laboratories, in general, could benefit from this cost-effective alternative. With our self-built photolithography system, we were able to produce structures from 6 μm to 50 μm in height and 10 μm to 200 μm in width. As an optional feature, we present a scaled-down laminar flow hood to enable a dust-free working environment for the photolithography process.

scholarly journals An Alternative Approach to Detecting Cancer Cells by Multi-Directional Fluorescence Detection System Using Cost-Effective LED and Photodiode

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2301
Author(s):  
Kyoungrae Cho ◽  
Jeong-hyeok Seo ◽  
Gyeongyong Heo ◽  
Se-woon Choe
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Flow Cytometer ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Fluorescence Detection System

The enumeration of cellular proliferation by covering from hemocytometer to flow cytometer is an important procedure in the study of cancer development. For example, hemocytometer has been popularly employed to perform manual cell counting. It is easily achieved at a low-cost, however, manual cell counting is labor-intensive and prone to error for a large number of cells. On the other hand, flow cytometer is a highly sophisticated instrument in biomedical and clinical research fields. It provides detailed physical parameters of fluorescently labeled single cells or micro-sized particles depending on the fluorescence characteristics of the target sample. Generally, optical setup to detect fluorescence uses a laser, dichroic filter, and photomultiplier tube as a light source, optical filter, and photodetector, respectively. These components are assembled to set up an instrument to measure the amount of scattering light from the target particle; however, these components are costly, bulky, and have limitations in selecting diverse fluorescence dyes. Moreover, they require multiple refined and expensive modules such as cooling or pumping systems. Thus, alternative cost-effective components have been intensively developed. In this study, a low-cost and miniaturized fluorescence detection system is proposed, i.e., costing less than 100 US dollars, which is customizable by a 3D printer and light source/filter/sensor operating at a specific wavelength using a light-emitting diode with a photodiode, which can be freely replaceable. The fluorescence detection system can quantify multi-directional scattering lights simultaneously from the fluorescently labeled cervical cancer cells. Linear regression was applied to the acquired fluorescence intensities, and excellent linear correlations (R2 > 0.9) were observed. In addition, the enumeration of the cells using hemocytometer to determine its performance accuracy was analyzed by Student’s t-test, and no statistically significant difference was found. Therefore, different cell concentrations are reversely calculated, and the system can provide a rapid and cost-effective alternative to commercial hemocytometer for live cell or microparticle counting.

scholarly journals A Novel Design Portable Plugged-Type Soil Microbial Fuel Cell for Bioelectricity Generation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Hoang-Uyen-Dung Nguyen ◽  
Dang-Trang Nguyen ◽  
Kozo Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Remote Sensors ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Soil Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Micropower Generation ◽  
Novel Design

Soil microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are a promising cost-effective power source for on-demand electricity generation applications. So far, reported SMFC configurations are usually bulky and hard to setup. In this study, a low-cost portable plugged-type SMFC (PSMFC) was designed and fabricated for on-demand micropower generation. The PSMFC can be activated just by plugging into natural wet soil, which is easy to access in the natural condition. The PSMFC uses carbon-based electrodes for cost-effectiveness. After setting the PSMFC into the soil to activate, it started to produce electricity after 1 h and reached the power density of 7.3 mW/m2 after 48 h. The proposed PSMFC can potentially generate electricity for remote sensors or soil sensing systems.

scholarly journals Development of a Novel Design and Subsequent Fabrication of an Automated Touchless Hand Sanitizer Dispenser to Reduce the Spread of Contagious Diseases

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Arnab Das ◽  
Adittya Barua ◽  
Md. Ajwad Mohimin ◽  
Jainal Abedin ◽  
Mayeen Uddin Khandaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Novel Design

Background: The use of a touchless automated hand sanitizer dispenser may play a key role to reduce contagious diseases. The key problem of the conventional ultrasonic and infra-red-based dispensers is their malfunctioning due to the interference of sunlight, vehicle sound, etc. when deployed in busy public places. To overcome such limitations, this study introduced a laser-based sensing device to dispense sanitizer in an automated touchless process. Method: The dispensing system is based on an Arduino circuit breadboard where an ATmega328p microcontroller was pre-installed. To sense the proximity, a light-dependent resistor (LDR) is used where the laser light is to be blocked after the placement of human hands, hence produced a sharp decrease in the LDR sensor value. Once the LDR sensor value exceeds the lower threshold, the pump is actuated by the microcontroller, and the sanitizer dispenses through the nozzle. Results and discussion: A novel design and subsequent fabrication of a low-cost, touchless, automated sanitizer dispenser to be used in public places, was demonstrated. The overall performance of the manufactured device was analyzed based on the cost and power consumption, and environmental factors by deploying it in busy public places as well as in indoor environment in major cities in Bangladesh, and found to be more efficient and cost-effective compared to other dispensers available in the market. A comprehensive discussion on this unique design compared to the conventional ultrasonic and infra-red based dispensers, is presented to show its suitability over the commercial ones. The guidelines of the World Health Organization are followed for the preparation of sanitizer liquid. A clear demonstration of the circuitry connections is presented herein, which facilitates the interested individual to manufacture a cost-effective dispenser device in a relatively short time and use it accordingly. Conclusion: This study reveals that the LDR-based automated hand sanitizer dispenser system is a novel concept, and it is cost-effective compared to the conventional ones. The presented device is expected to play a key role in contactless hand disinfection in public places, and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in society.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

Motivating Compliance: Firm Response to Mandatory Disclosure Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-119
Author(s):  
Colleen M. Boland ◽  
Chris E. Hogan ◽  
Marilyn F. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Policy Adoption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulated Firms ◽  
Firm Response ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Impact

SYNOPSIS Mandatory existence disclosure rules require an organization to disclose a policy's existence, but not its content. We examine policy adoption frequencies in the year immediately after the IRS required mandatory existence disclosure by nonprofits of various governance policies. We also examine adoption frequencies in the year of the subsequent change from mandatory existence disclosure to a disclose-and-explain regime that required supplemental disclosures about the content and implementation of conflict of interest policies. Our results suggest that in areas where there is unclear regulatory authority, mandatory existence disclosure is an effective and low cost regulatory device for encouraging the adoption of policies desired by regulators, provided those policies are cost-effective for regulated firms to implement. In addition, we find that disclose-and-explain regulatory regimes provide stronger incentives for policy adoption than do mandatory existence disclosure regimes and also discourage “check the box” behavior. Future research should examine the impact of mandatory existence disclosure rules in the year that the regulation is implemented. Data Availability: Data are available from sources cited in the text.

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