Political-economic, social and environmental aspects of sugar cane biomass use for the electrical energy generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
A. Areias
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

Energy produced through biomass, when produced in an efficient and sustainable way, generates a series of environmental, economic and social benefits when compared to the use of fossil fuels. Benefits such as better land management, job creation, efficient use of agricultural areas, provision of modern energy vectors to rural communities, reduction of CO2 emissions, waste control and nutrient recycling can be highlighted. This paper discusses the contributions of energy co-generation, from biomass, to the supplementation of electric energy, reduction of environmental impacts and generation of employment. The aim was to understand the impact of public policies to increase the efficiency of the sugar-energy sector and if there was an increase in employment and manpower in the field, as well as reduction of environmental impacts by reducing the consumption of other less renewable sources of energy within the State from São Paulo. In order to carry out this study, it was necessary to analyze the social, economic and agronomic indicators and the energy plans that aim at the development of the sector, such as the National Energy Plan and the Paulista Energy Plan.

scholarly journals Hydrokinetic turbines for power generation in Nigerian river basins

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Eme ◽  
J. A. Ulasi ◽  
A. I. Alade Tunde ◽  
A. C. Odunze
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
The Impact ◽  
River Niger

Abstract This work presents a design for Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy (HRE), for off grid power generation for remote riverine regions in developing nations. The uniqueness of this technique for power generation using streams and other marine currents to generate electric energy is detailed. The problem of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, rapid increase in human population, industries, modernization and our lifestyle put immense pressure on most power generation plants and infrastructures. Thus, global warming and carbon footprints of using fossil fuels to generate energy has driven the interest for energy generation from renewable sources. The Upper River Benue and Lower River Niger coastal basins, as well as the River Niger Basin on the Lower Niger sub-basin area of southeastern Nigeria was selected as a case study for the design of the hydrokinetic power generation technology. The results show that for a hydrokinetic turbine the level of power output is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Therefore the cost of its installation is reduced drastically from about $7,900 per installed kW to about $2,500 per kW, is easily assessable, less technical and a familiar motor technology for most of these communities. It is also a predictable form of energy in comparison to other emerging renewable energy fields like wind, solar and wave. Also this form of renewable energy is less harmful to the environment, has a lower noise emission and produces no greenhouse gases or any solid waste. HRE will bring energy security that is essential for the riverine dweller and curb rural urban migration and both improves the rural communities' standard of living and enhances their productivity.

scholarly journals The Impact Assessment of Campus Buildings Based on a Life Cycle Assessment–Life Cycle Cost Integrated Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuyuan Xue ◽  
Hongbo Liu ◽  
Qinxiao Zhang ◽  
Jingxin Wang ◽  
Jilin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

The development of higher education has led to an increasing demand for campus buildings. To promote the sustainable development of campus buildings, this paper combines social willingness-to-pay (WTP) with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) based on the characteristics of Chinese campus buildings to establish a life cycle assessment–life cycle cost (LCA–LCC) integrated model. Based on this model, this paper analyses the teaching building at a university in North China. The results show that the environmental impacts and economic costs are largest in the operation phase of the life cycle, mainly because of the use of electric energy. The environmental impacts and economic costs during the construction phase mainly come from the building material production process (BMPP); in this process, steel is the main source. Throughout the life cycle, abiotic depletion-fossil fuel potential (ADP fossil) and global warming potential (GWP) are the most prominent indexes. Further analysis shows that these two indexes should be the emphases of similar building assessments in the near future. Finally, this study offers suggestions for the proposed buildings and existing buildings based on the prominent problems found in the case study, with the aim to provide reference for the design, construction, and operation management of similar buildings.

scholarly journals Perception of Environmental Impacts of Wind Farms in Agricultural Areas of Northeast Brazil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Manoel Fortunato Sobrinho Junior ◽  
Maria Carolina Ramirez Hernandez ◽  
Sthenia Santos Albano Amora ◽  
Elis Regina Costa de Morais
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

In recent years, wind power in Brazil has emerged as an alternative to diversify the country′s energy mix and minimize the emission of pollutants derived from fossil fuels. The state of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Brazilian Northeast, has considerable potential for the generation of wind energy due to the occurrence of strong winds in many areas along the coast and in the interior of the state, in places with higher altitudes. However, wind energy, despite being considered clean and renewable, can cause environmental impacts in those places. Thus, the present study analyzed the perception of environmental impacts caused by the installation of wind farms in the agricultural areas of Northeast Brazil. The study was carried out in the municipality of Serra do Mel, in the western region of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, based on a survey of local farmers. The study concluded that farmers live without major problems and without apparent conflicts with wind farms but have little knowledge about the environmental impacts. In the perception of most farmers, there are few negative environmental impacts, and those that exist are barely noticed or still do not cause damage to most farmers in the region.

scholarly journals Methodology for assessing the power of the primary source of the system of autonomous electrical supply with account of the predicted load graphics

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
D. V. Karkotski ◽  
A. N. Malashin ◽  
S. A. Chumakov ◽  
Y. G. Koval
Keyword(s):  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Autonomous Operation ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The Impact

When developing new or upgrading existing energy-intensive mobile objects (MO), the main way to ensure the quality parameters of the supply voltage is no worse than in the state grid, overestimation of the primary source (PS) power is 1.5–2 times relative to the maximum power of all electrical energy consumers (EEC) software.The consequence of the existing approach to determine the power of PS are: overestimation of the mass and dimensions of the autonomous power supply system (APSS) by 30–70 %, which significantly reduces speed characteristics, cross-country performance and battery autonomy of MO, as well as worsen the economics of the APSS; the workload of the PS APSS is not more than 35–55 % of the nominal capacity, which leads to a reduction in their service lives.Thus, it is impossible to take into account the peculiarities of the actual current consumption of individual EEC and the impact of their joint operation on specific PS APSS, which leads to additional financial costs and an increase in development time, as well as to the risk of failure during the testing of both the APSS and the equipment connected to it.The proposed approach for estimating the PS power of electric energy in APSS MO allows determining the full power of the EEC in terms of limited information about the EEC taking into account the nature of the load graph, as well as the magnitude and form of current consumption. As a result of analytical calculations according to the above methodology, the PS power can be reduced by 13–45 %, depending on the nature of the load, while maintaining the quality indicators of the supply voltage within acceptable limits.The considered methods for determining the power of the PS APSS will make it possible to determine the limitations for solving the problem of structural-parametric synthesis of the APSS and the algorithm for determining the power of the PS when developing a new or upgrading the existing APSS MO. This will reduce the weight and size parameters of the APSS, thereby increasing the speed characteristics, maneuverability and software permeability of MO, as well as the autonomous operation time and efficiency of the APSS operation.

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation of the Mechanical Drying of the Grain of Coffea arabica from Honduras

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Fredy Torres Mejía ◽  
Jhunior Marcía Fuentes ◽  
Juan Torres Mejía ◽  
Flavio Hernández Bonilla ◽  
Ricardo Santos Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Rotary Dryer ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the methods of mechanical drying of coffee beans (Coffea arabica) from energy evaluations. The control variables were the drying of the grain and energy was used as the response variable, measured in Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (TEP), Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BEP), and Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Ton CO2eq). The evaluations on the three methods of mechanical coffee drying indicate that the rotary dryer requires 1.0 TEP equivalent to 1.017 kg CO2eqkg-1 in dry parchment coffee (CPS), however, the vertical drying method requires 1.12 TEP (0.616 kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS) and the static dryer requires 0.5 TEP (0.33 Kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS). Furthermore, the biomass energy consumption in the rotary dryer is 12.60 MJkg-1, in the vertical dryer it is 7.46 MJkg-1, and the static dryer is 3.91 MJkg-1. These results indicate that the rotary dryer uses 91.95% of the biomass energy, the vertical dryer uses 90.31%, and the static dryer 90.68%. Concluding that rotary drying has a higher biomass energy consumption and reduces CO2 emissions kg-1 in dry parchment coffee, this method is also preferred by cuppers, as it preserves the sensory qualities of the coffee and contributes to reducing the impact. the environment in the consumption of electrical energy and the reduction of CO2 emissions. However, these predictors need more work to validate reliability.

scholarly journals Environmentally Friendly Electric Energy Development Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hermawan ◽  
Abdul Hakim ◽  
Marjono Marjono ◽  
Bambang Semedi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Energy Management System

The increased production of electrical energy will lead to an increase on the use of fossil fuels which ultimately raise the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The use of fossil fuels (non-renewable fuels) for large-scaled generation of electrical energy will certainly cause problems considering oil and coal reserves as the main source for PLTU will shrink and run out over time. In addition, several environmental problems need to be considered and studied regarding this condition. Thus, it is very important to efficiently use electrical energy according to Presidential Instruction No. 6 of 2014 concerning energy development which focused on sub-sectors electricity development and minimization of fossil energy use as well as development of new, renewable, and converted energies. Based on this, a system which can support energy saving is needed. A system used for regulating energy needs is called the Energy Management System (EMS). The study was conducted in the Malang State Polytechnic Campus which is located on Jalan Soekarno Hatta no. 9, Jatimulyo, Lowokwaru Sub-district, Malang City. The sample used in this study consists of 230 people, including 150 students, 30 lecturers and 50 academics. This study is purposed to examine the correlation of the four variables to the energy management system and the use of environmentally friendly energy. Thus, the most appropriate model to accommodate this requirement is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of SEM analysis showed that the model of an environmentally friendly electric energy management is said to be feasible to be developed, thus it can be collectively adapted in all aspects for creating a green campus.

scholarly journals Analysis of Performance and Control of DC Microgrids as Electricity Providers for Renewable Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 04032
Author(s):  
Denis ◽  
Enda Wista Sinuraya ◽  
Jaka Windarta ◽  
Yosua Alvin Adi Soetrisno ◽  
Kurnianto Fernanda
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
And Control

The increase in demand for electrical energy is increasing rapidly, in line with economic growth. In developing the electricity system, electrical energy service providers must provide electrical energy according to demand with good quality. The generation of conventional electric energy systems that use fossil fuels faces depleting fossil fuel sources, poor efficiency, and environmental pollution. This technology is known as Distributed Generation (DG). Distributed Generation (DG) or Micro Grid (MG) is a small-scale power plant located close to the load. The use of distributed generators can improve the entire system's efficiency, reduce transmission losses, reduce pollution, and ensure the continuity of the distribution of electrical energy. However, the drastic increase in the use of DG causes problems in the form of voltage and frequency stability which will be disturbed due to rapid changes in the generation and loading rates. If this is left unchecked, it can harm system security and reliability. A proper control strategy will restore system stability in the event of an imbalance.

scholarly journals Renewable Energy in the Sustainable Development of Electrical Power Sector: A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8240
Author(s):  
Wadim Strielkowski ◽  
Lubomír Civín ◽  
Elena Tarkhanova ◽  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Yelena Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Impact

The electrical power sector plays an important role in the economic growth and development of every country around the world. Total global demand for electric energy is growing both in developed and developing economies. The commitment to the decarbonization of economies, which would mean replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources (RES) as well as the electrification of transport and heating as a means to tackle global warming and dangerous climate change, would lead to a surge in electricity consumption worldwide. Hence, it appears reasonable that the electric power sector should embed the principles of sustainable development into its functioning and operation. In addition, events such as the recent European gas crisis that have emerged as a result of the massive deployment of renewables need to be studied and prevented. This review aims at assessing the role of the renewable energy in the sustainable development of the electrical power sector, focusing on the energy providers and consumers represented both by businesses and households that are gradually becoming prosumers on the market of electric energy. Furthermore, it also focuses on the impact of renewables on the utility side and their benefits for the grid. In addition, it identifies the major factors of the sustainable development of the electrical power sector.

Global benefits, local burdens? The paradox of governing biofuels production in Kansas and Iowa

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Selfa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Government Mandates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Local Impacts

AbstractRecent sociological analysis of the expansion of the biofuels industry internationally has noted the paradox between the purported global environmental benefits of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels with biofuels, and the potential for distinctly negative environmental impacts experienced at local sites of biofuels production. The state, in both the USA and the EU, has played a prominent role in promoting the development and expansion of biofuels production through government mandates and incentives, but the state's role in governing the potentially (negative) economic, social or environmental impacts of biofuels production on local communities has been much more limited in scope. We review the environmental sociological literature to frame analysis of how the state is governing the benefits and burdens brought by the ethanol industry to rural communities in Kansas and Iowa. Drawing on data from community surveys, focus group and individual interviews and analysis of environmental violations, the paper examines the local impacts of biofuels production in three case-study communities. Findings suggest that local residents do not express many concerns about environmental impacts and that the state has played a modest role in governing the negative local environmental impacts. We argue that this lack of concern is related to the histories of these rural communities, which have long depended on resource extractive industries and currently are desperate for economic growth. We find that criticisms of negative environmental impacts are muted in relation to purported economic benefits and to other comparable industries. These community case studies illustrate some of the challenges, both at the practical and theoretical levels, of governing biofuels production.

scholarly journals RANCANG BANGUN SMART-HOME (APLIKASI INSTALASI PERANGKAT ENERGI ALTERNATIF SINAR MATAHARI DALAM DISAIN RUMAH TINGGAL)

MODUL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Septana Bagus Pribadi ◽  
Eddy Prianto
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Residential Design

The development of non-polluted renewable energy such as solar power, wind power, hydro power, sea wave power, growed rapidly in accordance with the technology developments in the recent decade.The electric energy from PLN (Indonesian Electricity Company) obtained from fuels processed through power plant converted into electrical energy. Generally, the use of electricity as a major power generator causes pollution, besides the price of fossil fuels tends to rise that make the increase in investment. One of abundantly alternative energy in Indonesia is solar radiation. The employing of of solar energy used solar panels (solar cell) convert sunlight into electrical energy directly. It easily employs in residencies commonly referred to Solar Home System.The synergistic home design which applies active design tools called Smart Home. As the development of a power plant has no synchronization with the residential design, this research purposes to observe and synchronize the installation of alternative energy device in residencies.The cooperation with PT ATMI Kreasi Energy was very advantageous for developing this subject matter from other perspectives in the future.

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