scholarly journals PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MINYAK KEMIRI SUNAN (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) TERHADAP LARVA Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) HAMA PADA TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica juncea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yenny Muliani ◽  
Erry Mustariani ◽  
Rahmat Wahid Ramdyan
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Hazelnut Oil ◽  
Botanical Pesticide ◽  
Crocidolomia Binotalis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

ABSTRAKKemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) dikenal sebagai tumbuhan yang berperan sebagai pestisida nabati yang belum banyak diketahui keampuhannya, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keampuhan dari tumbuhan ini. Pengujian efektivitasnya dilakukan terhadap larva Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. penyebab kerusakan pada tanaman sawi. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Vertebrata, Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, berlangsung dari Maret sampai Mei 2019. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi minyak kemiri sunan dengan konsentrasi 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan minyak kemiri sunan berpengaruh terhadap larva Crocidolomia binotalis. Konsentrasi 10% dapat mengakibatkan mortalitas paling tinggi sebesar 100% pada 7 HSA. Selain toksik, minyak kemiri sunan juga dapat memperpanjang lama perkembangan larva, menghambat aktivitas makan (antifeedant), serta menurunkan berat kering larva dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Minyak kemiri sunan berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengendali hama yang ramah lingkungan karena dapat berperan sebagai pestisida nabatiKata kunci: Kemiri sunan, Crocidolomia binotalis, Pestisida nabatiABSTRACTReutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw is know as a plant that acts as a vegetable pesticide that is not yet widely known for its efficacy, so testing is needed to obtain information about the efficacy of this plant. Effectiveness testing is carried out on Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. larvae causing damage to oil palm plants. The experiment was carried out in the vertebrate laboratory, the deparment of pest and plant diseases, the faculty of agriculture, the university Padjadjaran, taking place from March-May 2019. The experiment used the randomized design complete with 5 treatments and 5 replication. The treatments included oil Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw with a concentration 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25% and control. The result hazelnut oil affected the larva Crocidolomia binotalis Zell. 10% concentration can cause the highest mortality of 100% at 7 HAS. In addition to toxic, hazelnut oil prolong the development of larvae, inhibit feeding activity, and reduce the dry weight of larvae compared to controls. Hazelnut oil has potential as an alternative as an a alternative pest control that is environmentally friendly because it can act as a botanical pesticide.Keywords : Reutealis trisperma, Crocidolomia binotalis, Botanical pesticide

scholarly journals The Effect of Green Manure and Chromolaena-Odorata-Based Bokashi on Nutrient Soil Content and Maize Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jusna Ahmad ◽  
Chairunnisa Lamangantjo
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

The objectives of this study are twofold; firstly, it is intended to determine the soil nutrient contents (e.g., nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, manganese, and magnesium) after the provision of Chromolaena odorata organic fertilizer. Secondly, the study is aimed at examining the growth of maize crops after the provision of the same fertilizer. It employed randomized design group consisting of three phases of treatment (i.e., control, fertilizer provision, and provision of Bokashi with Chromolaena odorata) and four-times of the repeating process. Furthermore, the variable consists of the contents of soil nutrient  before applying the treatment, vegetative growth (i.e., stem height, stem diameter, leaf size, and dry weight of root, stem, and leaf), and generative growth (i.e., weight of unhusked cob, weight of husked cob, number of seeds per cob, width of cob, and weight of 100 seeds).  The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and it further examined by employing Least Significance Difference test at 5% level. The results reveal that the provision of Bokashi fertilizer (with Chromolaena odorata as the material) positively impacts the growth of maize crops rather than the provision of green manure and control fertilizer. Keywords: Generative Growth, Organic Fertilizer, Vegetative Growth 

scholarly journals Bioactivity Formulation Of Leaf Extract Of Kalanchoe pinnata And Seed Of Azadirachta indica Against Spodoptera litura

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hedi Paramita ◽  
Lindung Tri Puspasari ◽  
Yusup Hidayat ◽  
Rika Meliansyah ◽  
Danar Dono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Kalanchoe Pinnata ◽  
And Control

The aim of this research is to know the most effective concentration of liquid formulation of Kalanchoe pinnata leaf extract 50 EC and Azadirachta indica seed extract 50 EC against S. litura. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticides and Enviromental Toxicology, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The concentration were tested of each formulation were 1%, 2%, 3 %, 4%,and control.  The experiment arranged in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated three times. The results showed that the formulation of A. indica seed extract 50 EC at concentration of 2%, 3%, and 4% effective against S. Litura larvae with mortality of 76.7%, 86.7, and 93.3%  This formulation also causing a decrease in feeding activity, weight, and lenghten the development time of S.litura larvae. Unlike the case with liquid formulations of K. pinnata 50 EC extract which was less toxic and did not show significant differences in feed intake, weight of larvae, and development time of larvae compared control treatment.                Keywords: Toxicity, mortality, growth dearragement, botanical insecticide.

scholarly journals Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Sirih Hijau (Piper betle L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans (ATCC 1805)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Ester Rampa
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

The research had been conducted in the Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, the University of Cenderawasih during September–November 2012. The aims of the research were to understand the effect of green betel fruit extract inhibition against the C. albicans, as well as the effective concentration of extract to inhibit the growth of the fungus. Fruit samples were obtained from the Koya Koso village, Abepura District, Jayapura city, while the fungal isolates of C. albicans was obtained from the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran. The study was performed using a method of disk diffusion method with concentration of 10%, 5%, 2.5% and control, while indicator parameter were measured based on the presence of inhibition zone caused by inhibition treatment. The study was designed on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance at α= 0.5 and α= 0.1. The presences of significant differences of data were further analyzed using Least Significance Differences (LSD) analyses. The results showed that all green betel fruit extract concentrations effectively inhibited the growth of the fungus C. albicans and concentration of 10% revealed the best inhibition effect.Key words: Inhibitory effect, Piper betle L, fruit extract, fungus. 

scholarly journals Environment Friendly Salt Coating For Root Pruning Of Sweet Pepper Seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Surendra Lal Shrestha ◽  
Won-Hee Kang
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fibrous Roots

This study was done to minimize excessive growth and root mat formation which is a problem during preparation of seedlings in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 replications. Hybrid CV. ‘Sonik’ seeds were planted in plug trays coated with latex paint containing 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10% and 15% NaCl (w/v) and compared with an uncoated control. Results showed that NaCl coating significantly minimized excessive growth rate and root mat formation. Seedlings from the treatment produced more fibrous roots. Even though before transplanting, untreated seedlings were taller with longer root length, significantly higher fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots; after transplanting, seedlings from NaCl coated trays showed better performance with taller plants, longer roots, and higher fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots. The 7% NaCl treatment gave superior performance among the treated and control plants. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 74-80 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7566

scholarly journals IMMOBILIZATION OF CHROMIUM BY POULTRY MANURE AND GYPSUM IN SOIL AND REDUCING ITS UPTAKE BY SPINACH GROWN WITH TEXTILE EFFLUENT IRRIGATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 791-798
Author(s):  
Hina Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Textile Effluent ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cr Toxicity ◽  
Viable Approach ◽  
Cr Concentration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Chromium Uptake

Chromium (Cr) is an ecological poison and its concentration is reaching to lethal intensities in soil and plants by irrigating the soil with raw industrial effluents, particularly in developing nations like Pakistan. Poultry manure and gypsum are recognized for their capability to immobilize heavy metals in soils for plant uptake and filtering to ground water. The current trial was conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate the viability of poultry manure (PM) and gypsum applications to mitigate Cr toxicity in spinach grown-up in soil watered with textile effluent. The trial was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions. The treatments were: T1 (Control), T2 (Poultry Manure @ 0.5%), T3 (Poultry Manure @ 1%), T4 (Gypsum @ 0.3%) and T5 (Gypsum @ 0.6%). Chromium uptake by shoots and roots of spinach were enhanced in control plants where only textile effluent was applied. Chromium uptake in roots was higher than shoots. Application of poultry manure and gypsum reduced the Cr toxicity. The shoot length and dry weight of spinach was higher where PM was incorporated @ 1% as compared to gypsum and control. The extent of Cr toxicity mitigation by PM application @ 1% was higher when compared with control. The outcomes of this investigation demonstrated that application of PM @ 1% to the soil could be utilized as a viable approach for diminishing Cr concentration in spinach plants in Crcontaminated soils irrigated with untreated textile effluents

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Population Density of Velvet Bean (MUCUNA COCHINCHINENSIS) for Weed Control at Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

Field trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014 raining season on a fallow field at the University of Agriculture Makurdi Teaching and Research Farm ((07 0 41’N, 08 0 37’E and 106.4 m above sea level) using Velvet bean (Mucuna cochinchinensis) to control weeds. Four Mucuna populations were used: 400 plants/ha, 800 plants/ha, 1600 plants/ha and 0.00 plants/ha (control). The experiment was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Prominent weeds at the site were identified in the field in 2013. The four different Mucuna populations were screened for their effects on weed (density, composition), growth characteristics (ground cover, nodulation) and canopy duration. Out of the 4 Mucuna populations, 800 plants/ha had the highest effect on weed density, composition and control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. And 0.00 plants/ha had the lowest effect on weed density, weed composition, weed control percentage, ground cover, canopy duration and nodulation. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that farmers in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna can adopt the planting of Mucuna at 800 plants/ha for weed control.

scholarly journals Influence of Seed Invigoration Techniques on Germination and Seedling Vigor of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. Khan ◽  
T. Shah ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
A. Rehman ◽  
H. Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Comparative Efficiency ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
And Control

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the comparative efficiency of different priming techniques on germination and early seedling growth of maize cultivars. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of different seed invigoration treatments on seed germination and vigor traits of three maize hybrids, Pioneer 3025, Pioneer 70 and Baber at Agronomy research laboratory, University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. The experiment was laid in completely randomized design (CRD) and was replicated thrice. The treatments included control treatment (T1) unsoaked/dry seed, (T2) hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs, (T3) halo priming treatments with NaCl (3% solution) for 24 hrs, (T4) osmopriming with PEG-6000 for 24 hrs and (T5), hormonal priming with GA3 for 24 hrs. The results showed that seed invigoration treatment with gibberellic acid (GA3) PEG-6000 and hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs gave higher germination, decreased days to 50% germination, increased shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, as compared to halo priming with NaCl and control treatment. It is concluded that seed invigoration with GA3, osmopriming with PEG-6000 and hydropriming with distilled water for 24 hrs serve as an appropriate treatment for accelerating the emergence and growth parameters of maize hybrid. Pioneer 3025 showed its superiority over other cultivars in all the studied parameters.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. SEED EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF CABBAGE CROP LARVAE (CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER: LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-313
Author(s):  
E. L. BAIDENG ◽  
J. J. PELEALU ◽  
B. H. ASSA ◽  
H. A. W. LENGKEY
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Crocidolomia Binotalis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Testing Stage ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Two Stages

Along with the awareness to obtain quality plant products, the use of plant-based insecticides is increasingly being used. One of the plants used as a plant-based insecticide is Jatropha curcas L. (Jarak pagar) because it contains toxic ingredients to kill cabbage caterpillar pests (Crocidolomia binotalis). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Jatropha curcas L. on the mortality of Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage caterpillars. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) 7 × 3, consisting of seven treatment concentrations (0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm), with three replications. Observations were made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours after application (HAA) of Jatropha. The research activities were carried out in two stages, namely 1) the extraction stage of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and the breeding of the Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae and 2) the testing stage with seven concentration levels of Jatropha curcas L. extract as a plant-based insecticide. ANOVA test showed that the treatments of Jatropha curcas L. extract gave the death effect on larvae [F-count > F-table (116.8 > 2.37)]. Dead larvae change color to black and their body shape will curve. The fastest larval death occurs 24 HAA, with a concentration of 40,000 ppm, which is 50%. At lower concentrations (30,000 ppm), which can kill larvae up to 50%, occurs 120 HAA. With a concentration of 50,000 ppm, 90% of larvae can be killed occurring 96 HAA.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against Downy Mildew Disease of Corn

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Sudiono . ◽  
Cipta Ginting ◽  
Yulia Citra Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Introduction: One of environmentally friendly method for controlling plant diseases is the use of Trichoderma spp. as a natural controlling agent. Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against downy mildew disease. Methodology: This research was conducted in the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory in the Plant Protection Department of Faculty of Agriculture in Lampung University. This research used completely randomized design consisting without treatment (0), Trichoderma spp. Gading Rejo Region (GDR) isolate (1) Trichoderma spp. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) isolate (2), and Trichoderma spp. Trimurjo (TRJ) isolate (3) treatments which were applied to the plant growing points as fungicide (B) and as inducer of plant resistance to be applied in the plant roots (P). Results: The research results showed that the Trichoderma spp. treatments could reduce the disease occurrence at 4 and 5 days after inoculation, but they could not reduce the disease severity and improve stover dry weight of corn plant. Conclusion: The Trichoderma spp. Treatment as biofungicide and plant resistance inducer are effective against the incubation period and suppress the disease occurrence of downy mildew disease significantly at the early course of the disease.

scholarly journals EFEK BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS PADA PERKECAMBAHAN KACANG TANAH

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Sholeh Avivi ◽  
Ida Sugeng Suyani ◽  
Sugeng Winarso
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
And Control ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Germination Stage

Effect of phosphate solubilizing microorganism to Aspergillus flavus development on peanut germination.  Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) are microorganisms which could increase the available P in plant media.   The aim of this research is to determine the effect of PSM on A. flavus growth, and to identify it’s effects on the growth dynamics of  A. flavus as long as the peanut germination.  The research were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember, from August 2005 to May 2006 and divided in 2 stages: in vitro and germination stage.  Base on in-vitro stage we concluded that Bacillus subtilis strain SK had better inhibition toward the growth of A. flavus than Pseudomonas fluorescent strain GM.  B. subtilis strain SK could inhibit A. flavus as much as 74%, whereas P. fluorescent strain GM was only reached 60% compared to control.  Base on the germination stage, B. subtilis in the desiccator supernatant (BsDS) could increase the dry weight of root up to 24.1 g better than P. fluorescens strain GM and control.  We also found that B. subtilis strain SK was more effective to change the availability of P on plant media.

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