Climate Change Oriented Design – Learning from Nature – Nature and Advanced Technology in architecture

Precision agriculture is a management system that aims to reduce inputs like seeds, water, and energy; protect the environment; and maximize profitability. Precision agriculture uses advanced technology like positioning technology, geographical information systems, satellite navigation, and remote sensing. There are different factors affect the adoption of precision agriculture like farm size, legal affairs, and social interaction. Under climate change and increases in world population, adoption of precision agriculture could assist farmers to face various challenges to achieve ideal production and maximizing profitability. Information, technology, and management are considered the backbone of the precision agriculture system, and combining these elements reduces inputs and maximizes productivity. Different threats attacked precision agriculture including threats to confidentiality, threats to integrity, threats to availability, and crowding of the spectrum signal. This chapter explains the different roles of precision agriculture in developing agricultural production.

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New generation of U.S. satellite microwave sounder achieves high radiometric stability performance for reliable climate change detection

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.aau0049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. eaau0049 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cheng-Zhi Zou ◽

Mitchell D. Goldberg ◽

Xianjun Hao

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Weather Forecasting ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Trend Detection ◽

Measured Temperature ◽

Climate Data ◽

Climate Trends ◽

Temperature Trends ◽

Satellite Microwave ◽

New Generation

Observations from the satellite microwave sounders play a vital role in measuring the long-term temperature trends for climate change monitoring. Changes in diurnal sampling over time and calibration drift have been the main sources of uncertainties in the satellite-measured temperature trends. We examine observations from the first of a series of U.S. new generation of microwave sounder, the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS), which has been flying onboard the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NASA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) environmental satellite since late 2011. The SNPP satellite has a stable afternoon orbit that has close to the same local observation time as NASA’s Aqua satellite that has been carrying the heritage microwave sounder, the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A), from 2002 until the present. The similar overpass timing naturally removes most of their diurnal differences. In addition, direct comparison of temperature anomalies between the two instruments shows little or no relative calibration drift for most channels. Our results suggest that both SNPP/ATMS and Aqua/AMSU-A instruments have achieved absolute stability in the measured atmospheric temperatures within 0.04 K per decade. This uncertainty is small enough to allow reliable detection of the temperature climate trends and help to resolve debate on relevant issues. We also analyze AMSU-A observations onboard the European MetOp-A satellite that has a stable morning orbit 8 hours apart from the SNPP overpass time. Their comparison reveals large asymmetric trends between day and night in the lower- and mid-tropospheric temperatures over land. This information could help to improve climate data records for temperature trend detection with improved accuracy. The SNPP satellite will be followed by four NOAA operational Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) satellites, providing accurate and stable measurement for decades to come. The primary mission of JPSS is for weather forecasting. Now, with the added feature of stable orbits, JPSS observations can also be used to monitor changes in climate with much lower uncertainty than the previous generation of NOAA operational satellites.

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21st-Century civil aviation: Is it on course or is it over-confident and complacent? – thoughts on the conundrum of aviation and the environment

The Aeronautical Journal ◽

10.1017/aer.2016.140 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 121 (1236) ◽

pp. 115-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.I.A. Poll

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Global Economy ◽

Complete Solution ◽

Aircraft Design ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Civil Aviation ◽

Financial Measures ◽

International Pressure ◽

Technology Improvement

ABSTRACTAviation brings great commercial and social benefits and, as the global economy develops, the demand for air transport is expected to grow. However, aviation also contributes to climate change and there is increasing international pressure to limit mean global temperature rise. Therefore, the future success of aviation is likely to depend upon the industry's ability to hold its environmental impact within politically acceptable limits. This paper describes aviation's interaction with climate and sets out, in broad terms, the challenge facing the industry. The prospects for mitigating the adverse effects by advanced technology working through aircraft design and manufacture are assessed and some potential restrictions imposed by airport infrastructure are identified. Some consideration is also given to the practicalities imposed by airline economics and the likely impact of the recent ICAO regulations, plus the proposed global-based market measures scheme for aviation carbon offset. It is argued that the environmental problem is not just about carbon dioxide emissions and that aircraft technology improvement alone is unlikely to provide a complete solution. The observation that, in current operations, the total fuel used is almost twice the minimum required suggests a need to recognise a broader ownership of the problem and broader responsibility for the solution. However, improvements in the overall system efficiency will probably need to be driven by additional regulation and the imposition of other financial measures.The overall conclusion is that the actions currently being taken and currently being proposed are probably not sufficient in themselves to meet the challenge of climate change. However, it appears that there is more that can be done and, provided that action is taken soon, there are some grounds for optimism that aviation will still be able to meet the needs of society in the 21stcentury.

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Climate Change Mitigation: An Analysis of Advanced Technology Scenarios

10.2172/895757 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Leon E. Clarke ◽

Marshall A. Wise ◽

Marylynn Placet ◽

R Cesar Izaurralde ◽

Joshua P. Lurz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Climate Change Mitigation ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Change Mitigation

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Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to study the impact of climate change and other factors on rice production in South Korea

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.030 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Nasrullah ◽

Muhammad Rizwanullah ◽

Xiuyuan Yu ◽

Hyeonsoo Jo ◽

Muhammad Tayyab Sohail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

South Korea ◽

Weather Forecasting ◽

Rice Production ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

The Impact

Abstract The study aims to explore the impact of climate change, technology, and agricultural policy on rice production in South Korea. In the presence of a long-run relationship among variables, the results show that an increase in CO2 emissions increases rice production by 0.15%. The mean temperature raises rice production by 1.16%. The rainfall has an adverse impact on rice production which shows improper irrigation systems and weather forecasting reports. Similarly, for technical factors, the area under rice and fertilizer used in the study area has a direct effect on rice production. The study suggests that the Korean government needs to implement new policies and acquire advanced technology about weather forecasting. The concerned authorities need to inform rice growers about future weather and climate changes. We recommend that Korea needs to provide virgin arable undivided land to deserving rice growers based on ownership and/or lease for future food security. Finally, the study recommends that legislators should recommend policies for sustainable food security with the introduction of new agricultural technologies, subsidies, along with the provision of new varieties of seeds that can absorb the adverse shock of climate and ensure a suitable amount of food.

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Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190063 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 723-729

Author(s):

Roslyn Gleadow ◽

Jim Hanan ◽

Alan Dorin

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Computer Simulation ◽

Food Security ◽

European Countries ◽

Plant Interactions ◽

Plant Insect Interactions ◽

Native Habitat ◽

Insect Pollinators ◽

Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

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Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20180113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 221-231 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rebecca Millington ◽

Peter M. Cox ◽

Jonathan R. Moore ◽

Gabriel Yvon-Durocher

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Diffusion Rate ◽

Individual Species ◽

Genetic Evolution ◽

Rates Of Change ◽

Rapid Climate Change ◽

Warming Climate ◽

Intraspecies Competition ◽

High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

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Enhancing Clinical Supervision Using High-Definition Real-Time Digital Recording, Annotation, and Bluetooth Technology

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2019_pers-sig11-2018-0020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 356-362

Author(s):

Jennifer W. Means ◽

Casey McCaffrey

Keyword(s):

Graduate Students ◽

Data Collection ◽

Real Time ◽

Clinical Supervision ◽

Video Recording ◽

Advanced Technology ◽

High Definition ◽

Recording Technology ◽

Self Confidence ◽

Additional Data Collection

Purpose The use of real-time recording technology for clinical instruction allows student clinicians to more easily collect data, self-reflect, and move toward independence as supervisors continue to provide continuation of supportive methods. This article discusses how the use of high-definition real-time recording, Bluetooth technology, and embedded annotation may enhance the supervisory process. It also reports results of graduate students' perception of the benefits and satisfaction with the types of technology used. Method Survey data were collected from graduate students about their use and perceived benefits of advanced technology to support supervision during their 1st clinical experience. Results Survey results indicate that students found the use of their video recordings useful for self-evaluation, data collection, and therapy preparation. The students also perceived an increase in self-confidence through the use of the Bluetooth headsets as their supervisors could provide guidance and encouragement without interrupting the flow of their therapy sessions by entering the room to redirect them. Conclusions The use of video recording technology can provide opportunities for students to review: videos of prospective clients they will be treating, their treatment videos for self-assessment purposes, and for additional data collection. Bluetooth technology provides immediate communication between the clinical educator and the student. Students reported that the result of that communication can improve their self-confidence, perceived performance, and subsequent shift toward independence.

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