scholarly journals Accusation Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Aldert Bergstra ◽  
Marcus Düwell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Acts 2

Accusations play a pivotal role in human communication. There seems be be some changes in the contemporary political situation. However, there is a lack of a philosophical conceptualisation that is necessary for appropriate descriptions of accusations and further philosophical scrutiny. Accustation Theory (AT) is proposed as such a theoretical framework. This paper aims (1) to present some general tools for the description of accusations as speech acts, (2) will try to understand fundamental features of accusations, (3) understand some elements of the practice of accusing, (4) will present a short overview of relevant literature and (5) outline some possible lines of further research. 

scholarly journals An Analysis of Speech Acts in the Inaugural Address of Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo as the President of the Republic of Ghana on January 7, 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
John Demuyakor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Inaugural Address ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
The Republic

Speech acts as an important element during communication, because it explains the thoughts of the speaker(s). A speech act is more about what is performed when uttering words and not about individual words or sentences that are known to form the basic elements of human communication. An attempt to do something through speaking is what is known as a speech act and a lot of things can be done through speaking. A speech act is studied under speech act theory and is found in the domain of pragmatics. Using a qualitative research design, the key objective of this study is to analyze the types of speech acts adopted in the inaugural address of Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo- Addo as the President of the Republic of Ghana for his second term on the 7th January 2021. This study analyzed the Inaugural Address using Searle’s theory of speech act as a theoretical framework with emphasis on Searle’s five categories of speech act. The study showed that out of a total of 74 locutionary / Statements in the inaugural address,assertive acts are 40.5% of the utterances, commissive acts are 25.6%, while directive, expressive and declarative have small portions, of 13.5%, 12.2%, and 8.2% respectively.

scholarly journals Speech Acts of Request in O.Wilde’s The Happy Prince

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Hussain Hameed Mayuuf ◽  
Ahmed Mukheef Hussein ◽  
Rasha T. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acts 2

Abstract         The theory of speech act contributed by Austin in 1962 has received much consideration in linguistic study. The main objective of this paper is to account for  the ways whereby speakers express various actions via language. Accordingly, the current study tries to find answers to the following questions: (1) what is speech act theory? (2) what are the main classifications of speech act theory? (3) what is speech act of request , why it is made, and how it is achieved? The current study aims at: (1) presenting an illustration of speech acts (2) exploring the main classifications of speech acts (3) investigating the essence of speech act of request , the ways whereby it is achieved, and the reasons behind that. The study hypothesizes that (1) speech act denotes the verbal behaviour or the action which is done by the utterance or sentence uttered by a speaker in a certain occasion (2) Austin classifies speech acts into performative and constativeExpositions, whereas Searle states that there are three main acts performed in speech act including ;utterance act , propositional act and illocutionary act (3) speech act of request is an act asked by the speaker and accomplished by the hearer for the benefit of the speaker . There are three basic types of sentences by which speech act of request is made ; declaratives , imperatives, interrogatives. To achieve politeness interrogative sentences are the most recurrent ones so as to mitigate the impact of the action.         The Procedures followed are: (1) presenting a theoretical background of speech acts. (2) highlighting the primary classifications of speech acts (3) elucidating speech act of request, the ways by which it is fulfilled and the grounds that explicate its use. The study is limited to speech act of request in the short story "The Happy Prince " written by Oscar Wilde. Section one exhibits the problem of the study exposing its aims, hypotheses, procedures and limits. Section two represents a theoretical framework including Austin’s Classification of speech acts, the speech act of request, schemes of requesting, sentence kinds denoting request. Section three depicts the data and its analysis. The study ends with a section for its conclusions.

scholarly journals Conceptualising organisational cultural lag: Marriage equality and Australian sport

2021 ◽  
pp. 144078332199165
Author(s):  
Keith D Parry ◽  
Ryan Storr ◽  
Emma J Kavanagh ◽  
Eric Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Marriage Equality ◽  
Institutional Diversity ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Cultural Lag

This article develops a theoretical framework to understand how sexuality can be institutionalised through debates about marriage equality. We first examine 13 Australian sporting organisations concerning their support for marriage equality and sexual minority inclusion before showing they drew cultural capital from supporting episodes of equality exogenous to their organisation, while failing to promote internal inclusion. We use online content analysis alongside the identification of institutional speech acts within policy to analyse results through three conceptual lenses: Ahmed’s institutional diversity work, Ogburn’s cultural lag, and Evan’s organisational lag, from which we propose a hybrid – organisational cultural lag – as a theoretical tool within social movement theory.

scholarly journals In Search of Real Circumcision: Ritual Failure and Circumcision in Paul

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
Peter-Ben Smit
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role

This article applies the theoretical framework of ‘ritual failure’, a sub-discipline of ritual criticism, to Paul’s discussion of circumcision in his letter to the Galatians, Philippians and Romans. It is argued that the application of this theoretical perspective clarifies the dynamics at stake and provides a new way of understanding the development in Paul’s position regarding circumcision. There is movement from an attitude of strong propagation, by way of indifference and a subsequent attitude of rejection, to one of modified reintegration into Paul’s thinking. At every turn of this development, ritual failure plays a pivotal role and functions as a catalyst for the development of Paul’s theology.

scholarly journals The Modalities of Media II: An Expanded Model for Understanding Intermedial Relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-91
Author(s):  
Lars Elleström
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Media Integration ◽  
Media Transformation

Abstract This chapter is a significantly expanded and improved version of ‘The Modalities of Media: A Model for Understanding Intermedial Relations’ from 2010. It suggests an elaborated theoretical framework for distinguishing the multimodal character of media products, which are understood as those entities and phenomena that make inter-human communication possible. It offers a foundational model for describing and analysing the most basic similarities, differences and interrelations among all conceivable forms of media. The chapter also explains some basic mechanisms for categorising media products into media types and the intricate nature of media borders: how they are identified, construed and crossed. Finally, it broadly discusses two general intermedial perspectives: media integration and media transformation.

scholarly journals Promotion to Partner in Large Law Firms Operating in the United Kingdom: Tournament Theory and the Monitoring of the Implied Promise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
David Howell Shufflebotham
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Law Firm ◽  
Tournament Theory ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Uk

<p>This research is a study of the promotion to partner process in large law firms in the United Kingdom (UK). It is concerned with the application of tournament theory to such firms. In particular it is an examination of the ability of associate lawyers to monitor the implied promise that, in prescribed circumstances, they will have the opportunity of becoming a partner at their firms. In order to identify whether or not the rules of tournament theory on promotion to partnership hold true when set against the experiences of lawyers in large law firms operating in the UK, I established a theoretical framework based on a review of the relevant literature. I then tested that theoretical framework with data from two sources: case study interviews with partners at a large UK law firm; and a questionnaire distributed to a wider sample group of partners across a number of large UK law firms. The research found strong evidence to support the application of the core elements of tournament theory to large law firms in the UK. The research also found, however, that the implied promise envisaged by tournament theory was not the promise monitored by the individuals who took part in the research project.</p>

scholarly journals REPRESENTASI KESANTUNAN TINDAK TUTUR BERBAHASA INDONESIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI KELAS (KAJIAN ETNOGRAFI KOMUNIKASI)

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul R.
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Acts 2

This article is about a research study conducted to describe and clarifypoliteness in speech acts using Indonesian in the talk done during a lesson in theclassroom at SMA PMT Hamka, a senior high school in Padang Pariaman,Sumatra Barat, focusing on representations of (1) the forms of politeness in thespeech acts, (2) the functions of politeness in the speech acts, and (3) the strategiesof using politeness in the speech acts. It was a case study with communicationethnography and pragmatics as its starting points. The data consisted of two types:data from utterances and data from field notes. The two types of data, compiled bymeans of recordings, observations, and interviews, were analyzed with aninteractive model of analysis.The research findings are as follows. First, in the context ofrepresentations of the forms of speech-act politeness, it is found that (a) suchrepresentations using Indonesian use the declarative, interrogative, and imperativemodes, (b) the use of the declarative mode represents command, request, advice,and praise, (c) the use of the interrogative mode represents requesting, asking forwhat students have promised, clarifying whether students have understood, andgiving a warning, (d) the use of the imperative mode represents invitation to dosomething, request, and command, (e) a softening of the illocution power is foundin utterances using the declarative and interrogative modes so that the utterancesare felt to be polite, (f) utterances using the interrogative mode, however, tends tohave a strengthening effect on the illocution power so that the utterances are feltless polite. Second, in the context of representations of the functions of speech-actpoliteness, it is found that (a) the functions of politeness in directive acts consist ofrequesting, permitting, advising, commanding, and forbidding functions and (b)the functions of politeness in expressive acts consist of praising and thankingfunctions. Third, in the context of representations of the strategies of speech-actpoliteness, it is found that (a) utterances can be direct, realized in completeimperative form and imperative form with incomplete phrase and (b) utterancescan be indirect by (1) being with expressions of politeness used in a positive way,(2) being with expressions of politeness used in a negative way, and (3) beingunclear.Keywords: politeness, speech act, directive, expressive, classroom instruction120

The evolution of the pathways of innovation strategies in the automotive industry. The case of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Candelo ◽  
Ciro Troise ◽  
Diego Matricano ◽  
Amedeo Lepore ◽  
Mario Sorrentino
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Knowledge Flows ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Innovation Strategies

PurposeFundamental management innovations have been ideated and developed in the automotive industry. Over the years, carmakers have radically modified their innovation strategies. Currently, carmakers are increasingly adopting open innovation approaches, moving from a closed to open innovation paradigm. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the evolution of the innovation activities performed by carmakers and to propose an original periodisation of innovation strategies in the automotive industry since its origins.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the relevant literature and proposes a theoretical framework that defines how innovation strategies have changed from the birth of the automotive industry to current times. A detailed in-depth case study of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), one of the top ten global carmakers, is used to corroborate the theoretical framework. The case study reconstructs the entire evolution of the innovation strategies of the company from its origins to the present day.FindingsThe paper proposes an original periodisation by identifying three evolutionary phases of innovation strategies pursued by carmakers: “internal innovation”, “collaborative innovation” and “towards open innovation”. Each phase embraces a historical period, and for each period, the most relevant managerial aspects, as well as the types and direction of knowledge flows for fostering innovation, are analysed. The case study provides clear evidence that FCA has undergone the three above-cited phases in fostering its innovation strategies.Originality/valueThe study reconstructs the evolution of the innovation strategies performed by global carmakers, proposing an original periodisation of the transitions that occurred in practice in the automotive industry. This paper is among the first to explore the evolution of innovation strategies in the automotive industry since its origins to date and to highlight the salient differences that have occurred over time.

The 2012 Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) Anti-Subsidy Removal Strike Action and Its Implications for Development Communication

2017 ◽  
pp. 217-236
Author(s):  
Victor Olusegun Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government

This chapter focused on the national strike organized by the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) at the dawn of the year 2012 to protest the removal of petroleum subsidy in Nigeria and it explored its implications for development communication. By using documentary research method, the study reviewed relevant literature and discussed the findings. In line with the theoretical framework on which the study is anchored, it observed that the media are powerful medium for carrying development messages to the grassroots. Besides, it also performs watchdog function so as to make the government responsible to the people and allow them to participate actively in the development processes. Therefore, the chapter recommends that government at all levels in Nigeria should ensure adequate participation of the people in the initiation, planning and execution of development projects and policies.

On the hierarchy of naturalness principles in inflectional morphology

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max W. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Sound Change ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Prague School

1. This article proposes a criticism and elaboration of the theory of Natural Morphology as it relates to inflection and to inflectional change. The theoretical framework I start from is that set out at length in Mayerthaler (1981/1988), Wurzel (1984/1989), Dressler (1987) and Kilani-Schoch (1988). The concept of naturalness involved here combines Prague School notions of markedness (see Andersen, 1989) with more recent typological approaches and a semiotic framework which derives from the work of C. S. Peirce. The goal of naturalness theories in historical linguistics is to identify some constraints on language change (for example, on sound change, analogy and grammaticalization) which are, broadly speaking, functionally motivated, that is, motivated by the nature of human psychology or of human communication. Naturalness theories offer an approach to explanation of Weinreich, Labov & Herzog's (1968; 102, 186) actuation problem. Among other things, Natural Morphology proposes explanatory principles and constraints for analogy.

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