scholarly journals Regional determinants of Hungarian wine prices: The role of geographical indications, objective quality and individual reputation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Peter Gal ◽  
Attila Jambor ◽  
Sandor Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Hedonic Price ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Path Modelling ◽  
Price Functions

Analysing the determinants of wine prices has always been a field of interest in the wine economics literature. By estimating hedonic price functions, however, most papers generally remain at the country level with regions generally neglected or treated as simple dummy variables. The aim of this paper is to analyse the determinants of wine prices at the regional level by using Latent Variable Path Modelling with Partial Least Squares and Principal Component Analysis on the example of Hungarian wines. This approach is able to capture the regional specialties of wine production and provides a better insight into price determination. Results suggest that intrinsic values play a major but ambiguous role in determining regional wine prices, especially in the case of sugar content. It also becomes apparent that specific Geographical Indications (GIs) play a crucial role in price determination, instead of GI use per se. Moreover, individual brands also have an important role, as Tier1 and Tier2 wineries tend to sell their wines at higher prices and in smaller batch sizes. 

scholarly journals Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

scholarly journals Analytical Rheology of Honey: A State-of-the-Art Review

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709
Author(s):  
Célia Faustino ◽  
Lídia Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Thixotropic Behaviour ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Temperature Time

Honey has been used as a nutraceutical product since ancient times due to its nutritional and medicinal properties. Honey rheology influences its organoleptic properties and is relevant for processing and quality control. This review summarizes the rheological behaviour of honeys of different botanical source(s) and geographical locations that has been described in the literature, focusing on the relation between rheological parameters, honey composition (moisture, water activity, sugar content, presence of colloidal matter) and experimental conditions (temperature, time, stress, shear rate). Both liquid and crystallized honeys have been addressed. Firstly, the main mathematical models used to describe honey rheological behaviour are presented highlighting moisture and temperature effects. Then, rheological data from the literature regarding distinct honey types from different countries is analysed and results are compared. Although most honeys are Newtonian fluids, interesting shear-thinning and thixotropic as well as anti-thixotropic behaviour have been described for some types of honey. Rheological parameters have also been successfully applied to identify honey adulteration and to discriminate between different honey types. Several chemometric techniques have also been employed to obtain the complex relationships between honey physicochemical and rheological properties, including partial least squares (PLS), principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural networks (ANN).

Aspects of project learning in construction: a socio-technical model

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Alashwal ◽  
Hamzah Abdul-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Path Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Project Learning

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the measurement constructs of learning within construction projects' milieu. The literature indicated some mechanisms of learning in projects under four aspects, namely knowledge sharing, knowledge creation, team action to learn, and learning support. The empirical study attempts to verify whether intra-project learning can be measured through these aspects. Design/methodology/approach – The study used a survey method to collect the data from 36 mega-sized building projects in Malaysia. In total, 203 questionnaires were collected from professionals working in the sites of these projects. The data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the constructs of intra-project learning. Partial least squares-path modeling was used then to confirm the results of PCA and determine the contribution of each construct to intra-project learning. Findings – The results affirmed two constructs of intra-project learning, named, social and technical and each consisted of four indicators of learning. Originality/value – The paper emphasized the socio-technical perspective of learning and contributed to developing a hierarchical measurement model of learning in construction project. A project manager can propose new initiatives in response to the new perspective of learning for team building and continuous development. Lastly, the paper provides a comprehensive presentation of how to estimate the hierarchical measurement models of project learning as a latent variable.

scholarly journals Assessing Douro Vineyards Exposure to Tropospheric Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Ana Ascenso ◽  
Carla Gama ◽  
Daniel Blanco-Ward ◽  
Alexandra Monteiro ◽  
Carlos Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Exposure Response

Tropospheric ozone (O3) can strongly damage vegetation. Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.), in particular, have intermediate sensitivity to ozone. Wine production is an important economic activity, as well as a pillar to the cultural identity of several countries in the world. This study aims to evaluate the risk of Douro vineyards exposure to ozone, by estimating its concentration and deposition in the Demarcated Region of Douro in Portugal. Based on an assessment of the climatology of the area, the years 2003 to 2005 were selected among the hottest years of the recent past, and the chemical transport model CHIMERE was used to estimate the three-dimensional field of ozone and its dry deposition over the Douro region with 1 km2 of horizontal resolution. Model results were validated by comparison with measured data from the European air quality database (AirBase). The exposure indicator AOT40 (accumulated concentration of ozone above 40 ppb) was calculated and an exposure–response function was applied to determine the grapevine risk to ozone exposure. The target value for the protection of vegetation established by the Air Quality Framework Directive was exceeded on most of the Douro region, especially over the Baixo Corgo and Cima Corgo sub-regions. The results of the exposure–response functions suggest that the productivity loss can reach 27% and that the sugar content of the grapes could be reduced by 32%, but these values are affected by the inherent uncertainty of the used methodology.

scholarly journals Hyperspectral monitoring of fructose content in marzipan

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (s1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Katalin Badak-Kerti ◽  
Szabina Németh ◽  
Andreas Zitek ◽  
Ferenc Firtha
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Analysis Technique

In our research marzipan samples of different sugar to almond paste ratios (1:1, 2:1, 3:1) were stored at 17 °C. Reducing sugar content was measured by analytical method, texture analysis was done by penetrometry, electric characteristics were measured by conductometry and hyperspectral images were taken 6–8 times during the 16 days of storage. For statistical analyses (discriminant analysis, principal component analysis) SPSS program was used. According to our findings with the hyperspectral analysis technique, it is possible to identify how long the samples were stored (after production), and to which class (ratio of sugar to almond) the sample belonged. The main wavelengths which gave the best discrimination results among the days of storage were between 960 and 1100 nm. The type of the marzipan was easy to distinguish with the hyperspectral data; the biggest differences were observed at 1200 and 1400 nm, which are connected to the first overtone of C-H bound, therefore correlate with the oil content. The spatial distribution of penetrometric, electric and spectral properties were also characteristic to fructose content. The fructose content of marzipan is difficult to measure by usual optical ways (polarimetry, spectroscopy), but since fructose is hygroscopic, the spatial distribution of spectral properties can be characteristic.

scholarly journals A data-driven approach to measuring epidemiological susceptibility risk around the world

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Bitetto ◽  
Paola Cerchiello ◽  
Charilaos Mertzanis
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Pca Method

AbstractEpidemic outbreaks are extreme events that become more frequent and severe, associated with large social and real costs. It is therefore important to assess whether countries are prepared to manage epidemiological risks. We use a fully data-driven approach to measure epidemiological susceptibility risk at the country level using time-varying information. We apply both principal component analysis (PCA) and dynamic factor model (DFM) to deal with the presence of strong cross-section dependence in the data. We conduct extensive in-sample model evaluations of 168 countries covering 17 indicators for the 2010–2019 period. The results show that the robust PCA method accounts for about 90% of total variability, whilst the DFM accounts for about 76% of the total variability. Our index could therefore provide the basis for developing risk assessments of epidemiological risk contagion. It could be also used by organizations to assess likely real consequences of epidemics with useful managerial implications.

scholarly journals Ancient Danish Apple Cultivars—A Comprehensive Metabolite and Sensory Profiling of Apple Juices

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzia Iaccarino ◽  
Camilla Varming ◽  
Mikael Agerlin Petersen ◽  
Nanna Viereck ◽  
Birk Schütz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Aroma Components ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

In recent decades, intensive selective breeding programs have allowed the development of disease-resistant and flavorsome apple cultivars while leading to a gradual decline of a large number of ancient varieties in many countries. However, the re-evaluation of such cultivars could lead to the production new apple-based products with health beneficial properties and/or unique flavor qualities. Herein, we report the comprehensive characterization of juices obtained from 86 old, mostly Danish, apple cultivars, by employing traditional analysis (ion chromatography, °Brix, headspace gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and panel test evaluation) as well as an innovative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based screening method developed by Bruker for fruit juices, known as Spin Generated Fingerprint (SGF) Profiling™. Principal component analysis showed large differences in aroma components and sensory characteristics, including odd peculiar odors and flavors such as apricot and peach, and very different levels of phenolic compounds, acids and sugars among the analyzed juices. Moreover, we observed a tendency for late-season juices to be characterized by higher °Brix values, sugar content and they were perceived to be sweeter and more flavor intense than early-season juices. Our findings are useful for the production of specialty vintage-cultivar apple juices or mixed juices to obtain final products that are characterized both by healthy properties and peculiar sensory attributes.

scholarly journals Development of Sugar Cane Molasses in Formulations of Madeleines, Mini Croissants, and Buns Incorporated with Interesterified Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anis Chikhoune ◽  
Fatiha Bedjou ◽  
Sabrina Oubouzid ◽  
Rosa Boukefoussa ◽  
Bilal Bechri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Interesterified Oil

Interesterification becomes a very powerful tool in food industry. A blend of coconut oil and palm stearin is enzymatically interesterified by lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in an aquarium reactor. The interesterified blend obtained is then incorporated in madeleines, mini croissants, and mini rolls. Physicochemical parameters’ assessment for molasses used is in good agreement with the international standards. Fatty acid composition of the interesterified blend and sugar content of molasses were assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A sensory evaluation of the madeleines, mini croissants, and buns has been carried out by untrained tasters, with a statistical analysis by a principal component analysis (PCA). Chromatographic characterization by Gas Chromatography revealed fatty acids, ranging from C6: 0 to C22: 0. Liquid sugar’s content by high performance liquid chromatography revealed three main sugars: sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Results of the sensory analysis showed the good quality of the prepared products.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis of the Potential for Increased Rail Competitiveness in East-Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szabolcs Duleba ◽  
Bálint Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Factor Space ◽  
Market Liberalization ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Rail Freight

Increased rail competitiveness has been the objective of many countries around the world, including member states of the EU. Although railway market liberalization has always been accompanied by high expectations of increased efficiency and competitiveness, the overall impact of such decisions can be considered controversial. This paper aims to contribute to the scientific debate by conducting a factor analysis of some East-Central European countries from the aspect of rail freight competitiveness. Since many highly correlated factors influence competitiveness, its mathematical–statistical representation and analysis is difficult due to the high number of dimensions of the factor space. Moreover, competitiveness cannot be measured directly only as a latent variable which is a feature of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The introduced PCA, model by way of reducing the number of dimensions, can highlight the relations among the attributes and determine the most crucial issues capable of increasing rail competitiveness in the given countries and also of clustering those national railway markets. Recommendations for structural changes in national rail freight markets of the region are also supplied. Our results show that international rail competitiveness depends rather on market efficiency than on market liberalization due to the fact that the Global Competitiveness Index and Export/Import attributes did not significantly correlate with market concentration. As for the larger domestic rail freight sectors, small freight forwarders—spawned by liberalization—are shown to play a significant role in increasing competitiveness.

scholarly journals Characterization and classification of Romanian acacia honey based on its physicochemical parameters and chemometrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Emanuela Crăciun ◽  
Oana Cristina Pârvulescu ◽  
Andreea Cristina Donise ◽  
Tănase Dobre ◽  
Dumitru Radu Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Activity Ratio ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Acacia Honey

AbstractThree groups of Romanian acacia honey, i.e., pure, directly adulterated (by mixing the pure honey with three sugar syrups), and indirectly adulterated (by feeding the bees with the same syrups), were characterized and discriminated based on their physicochemical parameters. Moisture, ash, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), reducing sugars (fructose and glucose), and sucrose contents, free acidity, diastase activity, ratio between stable carbon isotopes of honey and its proteins (δ13CH and δ13CP) were evaluated. Adulteration led to a significant increase in sucrose content, HMF level, and Δδ13C = δ13CH‒δ13CP as well a decrease in reducing sugar content and diastase activity. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to experimental data in order to distinguish between pure and adulterated honey. The most relevant discriminative parameters were diastase activity, HMF, sucrose, and reducing sugar contents. Posterior classification probabilities and classification functions obtained by LDA revealed that 100% of honey samples were correctly assigned to their original group.

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