scholarly journals Wine Ratings and Advertising Strategies: Is There a Link?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Wine Industry ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Marketing Resources ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Small Average Size

Advertising is one of the most widely used marketing resources in the beverage industry, yet the wine industry has not made an intense use of this resource over time. The small average size of wineries together with rising concerns about the effectiveness of advertising has led many wineries to use alternative strategies to market their products: collective brands, the display of prizes and medals on their labels, or positive ratings in expert guides. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to analyse the behaviour of wineries regarding their use of advertising as a marketing resource. Specifically, we analysed the advertising strategy of wineries with respect to the existence of publicly available wine ratings. The method was based on the estimation of a Heckit model that simultaneously identifies the variables underlying the decision to invest in advertising and the determinants of the amount of money invested. The results revealed a nonlinear relationship between wine ratings and advertising investment.

scholarly journals Structures of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3748-3754 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Pulak ◽  
P Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Small Average Size

We have investigated the structural features of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans. We cloned and sequenced the junctions of 16 spontaneous deletions affecting the unc-54 myosin heavy-chain gene and compared their sequences with those of the wild type. We analyzed these sequences in an attempt to identify structural features of the gene that are consistently involved in the spontaneous deletion process. Most deletions (15 of 16) removed a single contiguous region of DNA, with no nucleotides inserted or rearranged at the deletion junctions; one deletion was more complex. unc-54 deletions were small, averaging 600 base pairs in length, and were randomly distributed throughout the gene. Unlike deletions that occur in Escherichia coli, spontaneous unc-54 deletions did not contain statistically significant direct or inverted repeats at or near their termini. Except for their small average size, we have not identified any distinguishing features of their sequence or structure. We discuss these results with regard to the mechanisms for spontaneous deletion in eucaryotic and procaryotic cells.

scholarly journals Geospatial Response for Innovation in the Wine Industry: Knowledge Creation through Institutional Mobility in China

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 495
Author(s):  
HaeOk Choi ◽  
Chaolin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Knowledge Networks ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Knowledge Network ◽  
Geographical Proximity ◽  
Enterprise Networks ◽  
Chinese Wine ◽  
Early Market ◽  
Over Time

Thus far, knowledge network research has been quantitative research, emphasizing that in limited industries, knowledge creation increasingly strengthens through geographical proximity or institutional connections. Although it has been suggested that knowledge networks should be researched using dynamic rather than static methods, the dynamic process of knowledge networks according to spatiotemporal changes has not been sufficiently researched. This paper uses the Chinese wine industry case to conduct related research. The results show that, first of all, wine-related knowledge creation activities were carried out in the big cities that formed the early market in the mid-2000s, and the geographical conditions in which the spatial scope was expanded were in the places that gradually developed over time. Second, although the spatial scope of knowledge creation activities is expanding with the active participation of private enterprise networks, private enterprises and the overall knowledge creation process are relatively isolated. Finally, in terms of the process of knowledge creation related to wine, in the development of regional linkages organizations relate to the knowledge providers who provide the required information, and have little to do with the geographically close knowledge providers.

scholarly journals Effect of Trace Yttrium Addition and Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Cast ADC12 Aluminum Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianlong Liu ◽  
Qingjie Wu ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
Songgen Zhong ◽  
Zhixiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Primary Si ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Yttrium Addition ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Small Average Size

The effects of rare earth yttrium (Y) additions and the heat treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast ADC12 aluminum alloy have been investigated. The results showed that the primary Si crystals were significantly refined from long axis to fibrous or granular when the Y content was 0.2 wt%. Compared to the matrix, the mean area and aspect ratio were decreased by 92% and 75%, respectively. Moreover, the Si and Fe-rich phases were spheroidized and refined with a small average size during the solid solution. It was also noted that the copper-rich phases were dissolved into the matrix. Correspondingly, it was found that after metamorphic and heat treatment the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), elongation, and, hardness increased by 81.9%, 69.7%, and 74.8%, respectively, compared to the matrix. The improved mechanical properties can primarily be attributed to the optimization of the microstructure and the refinement of various phases.

Rescuing Computerized Testing by Breaking Zipf's Law

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Wainer
Keyword(s):  
Pool Size ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Test Administration ◽  
Nonlinear Relationship ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Item Pool ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Zipf's Law ◽  
Computerized Tests ◽  
Continuous Test

For many reasons, both economic and psychometric, computerized tests are typically administered continuously throughout the year rather than at only a few dates spread out over the year. Continuous test administration can yield serious security problems, since examinees could remember some of the items administered and communicate them to other potential examinees. In this essay I argue that because of the nonlinear relationship between item usage and item security, this problem cannot be resolved merely by increasing the size of the item pool. I found that, with the then current methods of exposure control, in order for an item pool's security to increase linearly the size of the pool must increase exponentially. Such a strategy is not economically feasible. In addition to offering evidence of the failure of obtaining a secure item pool merely through increases in the item pool size I provide two alternative strategies with a much better chance of success.

scholarly journals Marketing a startup targeting millennial travellers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Eren Ozcan
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Human Figure ◽  
Effective Advertising

Millennial generation travellers have different behaviors towards advertisements. The purpose of this project is to focus on answering the thesis question: do image-based advertisements including human figure gain more attraction than image-based advertisements that includes graphical, colorful content? For this research, we will create a startup focused on serving millennial travellers. Then, we will conduct a comparison between classic, combined, and graphic advertising styles, using differently created images. The goal of this comparative study is to understand the most effective advertising strategy for a startup geared toward millennial travellers. We tested these advertising strategies on millennial travellers visiting Toronto or currently living in Toronto. Our hypothesis was that millennial travellers will be more interested in an image-based advertisement including humans or human face within travel and tourism advertisements. The results showed that millennial travellers are more interested in an image-based advertisement including humans or human face.

scholarly journals A Theoretical Analysis of the Pricing and Advertising Strategies with Lévy-Walking Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 2129-2150
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Informative Advertising ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Welfare Implications ◽  
Firm Profit

The pervasive adoption of mobile devices and proximity technologies enables firms to trace consumers’ trajectories and locations. This connects firms’ marketing and operations strategies more tightly with consumer mobility. In this paper, we propose a novel analytical model to examine the economic effects of consumer mobility on pricing and advertising strategies by incorporating consumers’ Lévy-walking behavior into advertising economics models. We ascertain the convergent effect of consumer mobility, i.e., consumers’ convergence to a firm leads to higher product price and advertising level. Meanwhile, it improves social welfare by increasing firm profit and consumer surplus. More interestingly, we find that consumers’ average movement distance (AMD) has opposing influences in pricing and advertising strategies. Specifically, longer AMD strengthens the convergent effect on advertising strategy but weakens that on pricing strategy. Finally, we also conduct a numerical analysis to uncover the impacts of the presence of proximity technologies on advertising outcomes. The results of this paper provide advisable guidance to firms on how to craft and adjust pricing and advertising strategies in accordance to consumer mobility. Moreover, the results present insights on welfare implications of informative advertising from the perspective of consumer mobility.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Evaluation of Superovulation Effect on Follicular Development after Autologous Ovarian Transplantation in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Tamadon ◽  
Alireza Raayat Jahromi ◽  
Farhad Rahmanifar ◽  
Mohammad Ayaseh ◽  
Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autologous Transplantation ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Volume ◽  
Ovarian Transplantation ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Over Time

The effect of superovulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on autologous transplanted ovaries in the lumbar muscles of mice was histomorphometrically evaluated using the indices of number and volume of different kind of follicles and volume of corpora lutea, ovary, and stroma. Angiogenesis was observed after mouse ovarian transplantation on days 14 and 21 after ovarian grafting. After transplantation, the total number and volume of primary and secondary follicles reduced, while PMSG superovulation increased the total number and total volume of tertiary follicles and also the ovarian volume after transplantation. Transplantation increased the average size of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles. Therefore, primary and secondary follicles can survive after autologous transplantation but their reservations diminished by increasing the time of transplantation. However, number of tertiary follicles and their response to superovulation increased over time after transplantation.

scholarly journals HOW HAVE THE STATE REVENUE AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPED AROUND THE EVOLUTION OF EXCISE TAX ON ALCOHOL IN INDONESIA?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-289
Author(s):  
Eddy Mayor Putra Sitepu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT: The imposition of excise on alcohol is regarded as an effort made by the government in controlling the consumption of alcohol that may have a negative impact on society. Over time, the excise policy on alcohol in Indonesia has evolved, as lastly issued under Law Number 39 of 2007. This study aims to analyze the development of state revenue from alcohol excise and industrial production around the changes in excise policy on alcohol in Indonesia. The findings of this study reveal that the excise revenue on alcohol has increased significantly during the last 25 years. Notably, there is a systematic increase in excise revenue on alcohol post the implementation of Law Number 39 of 2007. Further, in terms of industry utilization and output value, the alcoholic beverage industry in Indonesia has been growing regardless of the restrictions and limitations put in place by central and regional government. While it is good for the economy to see the industry grow, an integrated policy on curbing the consumption of alcohol should be put in place in order to minimize the negative externalities that it may cause. Keywords: excise on alcohol, negative externalities, state revenue, liquor industry utilization ABSTRAK Pengenaan cukai alkohol dianggap sebagai upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam mengendalikan konsumsi alkohol yang mungkin berdampak negatif bagi masyarakat. Seiring waktu, kebijakan cukai tentang alkohol di Indonesia telah berkembang, seperti yang terakhir dikeluarkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan penerimaan negara dari cukai alkohol dan produksi industri seputar perubahan kebijakan cukai alkohol di Indonesia. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa pendapatan cukai alkohol telah meningkat secara signifikan selama 25 tahun terakhir. Terutama ada peningkatan sistematis dalam penerimaan cukai pada alkohol pasca pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 2007. Selanjutnya, dalam hal pemanfaatan industri dan nilai output, industri minuman beralkohol di Indonesia telah berkembang terlepas dari pembatasan dan batasan yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah pusat dan daerah. Meskipun baik bagi ekonomi untuk melihat industri tumbuh, kebijakan terpadu untuk membatasi konsumsi alkohol harus diberlakukan untuk meminimalkan eksternalitas negatif yang mungkin ditimbulkannya.  Kata kunci: cukai alkohol, eksternalitas negatif, pendapatan negara, pemanfaatan industri minuman keras

Online Advertising Strategies in Indian and Australian E-Commerce Companies

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Varinder Singh ◽  
Sanjay Taneja ◽  
Varinderjeet Singh ◽  
Azad Singh ◽  
Harmesh Lal Paul
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Smart Phones ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Advertising Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
Good For ◽  
Promotional Messages

Online advertising and marketing promote the different types of products through various kinds of advertising modes to customers. Online advertising is promotional messages that show up on the monitors of online laptops, desktops, tablets, televisions, and smart phones. The main objective of the study is to analyze the online advertising and impact comparison of online advertising strategy which is adopted by Indian and Australian e-commerce companies. To achieve the objectives of this study, the authors take the sample of 5 Indian and 5 Australian e-commerce companies. This study also found that the Indian and Australian e-commerce companies are inter-connected. Online advertising in India has been flowering and also increasing because of 4G connections, which are good for the future of online marketing. This chapter explains comparisons of Indian and Australian e-commerce companies and also focuses on the top 10 platforms to increase sales and customer attraction through advertising. The future of online advertising is brilliant and unlimited.

Structures of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3748-3754
Author(s):  
R A Pulak ◽  
P Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Gene ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
Small Average Size

We have investigated the structural features of spontaneous deletions in Caenorhabditis elegans. We cloned and sequenced the junctions of 16 spontaneous deletions affecting the unc-54 myosin heavy-chain gene and compared their sequences with those of the wild type. We analyzed these sequences in an attempt to identify structural features of the gene that are consistently involved in the spontaneous deletion process. Most deletions (15 of 16) removed a single contiguous region of DNA, with no nucleotides inserted or rearranged at the deletion junctions; one deletion was more complex. unc-54 deletions were small, averaging 600 base pairs in length, and were randomly distributed throughout the gene. Unlike deletions that occur in Escherichia coli, spontaneous unc-54 deletions did not contain statistically significant direct or inverted repeats at or near their termini. Except for their small average size, we have not identified any distinguishing features of their sequence or structure. We discuss these results with regard to the mechanisms for spontaneous deletion in eucaryotic and procaryotic cells.

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