scholarly journals Fotografie e istituzioni museali: il sistema della doppia copia e l’accumulo dei fondi. Le Regie Gallerie di Firenze, 1860-1906

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 10-35
Author(s):  
Marta Binazzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Status

Beginning in the late 1850s, photographic companies reproducing artworks kept in the Royal Galleries of Florence were required to submit copies of their work to the Ministry of Public Education and the museum’s director. This paper shows that while photographers obeyed the rule, their photographs were stored away and left mostly unused for over two decades before the process of creating a proper collection began in the 1880s. Countering traditional histories of how photographic collections were constituted, this paper analyzes bureaucratic practices of documentation and questions the status of photographs in 19th century museums.

Fieber’s unpublished colour plates allow reassessing some of his Cixius species (Insecta: Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4482 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
GERNOT KUNZ ◽  
WERNER E HOLZINGER ◽  
ADELINE SOULIER-PERKINS
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
The 19Th Century

Franz Xaver Fieber was a leading Hemiptera taxonomist in the 19th century. The recent discovery of his unpublished drawings that go along with the original handwritten manuscript allow a reassessment of species descriptions from this century. In addition, we present an alphabet of Fieber's handwriting. We give an overview on the Cixiidae species he had described and reassess the status of the species names Cixius brachycranus Scott, 1870, Cixius intermedius Scott, 1870, Cixius pinicola Fieber, 1876, Tachycixius venustulus (Germar, 1830) and Tachycixius distinctus (Signoret, 1865). T. venustulus and T. distinctus are regarded as valid species. The synonymy of C. pinicola with T. venustulus is invalidated and C. pinicola is placed in synonymy with T. distinctus. 

The Extraordinary Nineteenth Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E. Bonura
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Public Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Westward Expansion

This chapter places Pope in her 19th-century era and presents the major themes including immigration, westward expansion, the rise of industrial America, the growth of political democracy, women’s rights, temperance, public education, slavery, the Civil War, and more. The three periods of time—early, middle and late 19th century—show women’s advancement in the educational arena and their “call to teach.” The histories of Mount Holyoke and Oberlin are succinctly offered.

scholarly journals Babbage among the insurers: Big 19th-century data and the public interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-153
Author(s):  
Daniel C.S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Human Longevity ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Life Assurance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mortality Table

This article examines life assurance and the politics of ‘big data’ in mid-19th-century Britain. The datasets generated by life assurance companies were vast archives of information about human longevity. Actuaries distilled these archives into mortality tables – immensely valuable tools for predicting mortality and so pricing risk. The status of the mortality table was ambiguous, being both a public and a private object: often computed from company records they could also be extrapolated from public projects such as the census, or clerical records. Life assurance more generally straddled the line between private enterprise and collective endeavour, though its advocates stressed the public interest in its success. Reforming actuaries such as Thomas Rowe Edmonds wanted the data on which mortality tables were based to be made publicly available, but faced resistance. Such resistance undermined insurers’ claims to be scientific in spirit and hindered Edmonds’s personal quest for a law of mortality. Edmonds pushed instead for an open actuarial science alongside fellow travellers at the Statistical Society of London, which was populated by statisticians such as William Farr (whose subsequent work, it is argued, was influenced by Edmonds) as well as by radical mathematicians such as Charles Babbage. The article explores Babbage’s little-known foray into the world of insurance, both as a budding actuary but also as a fierce critic of the industry. These debates over the construction, ownership, and accessibility of insurance datasets show that concern about the politics of big data did not begin in the 21st century.

The Boy Brahms

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Boman Desai
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Original Story ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

During the late twentieth century, the veracity of a particular aspect of Johannes Brahms's boyhood came under challenge. Had he played the piano in Hamburg's dockside bars as many of his biographers had recorded, or had he not? The two sides of the story were debated in the spring 2001 issue of 19th-Century Music. Jan Swafford, Brahms's definitive biographer in English, provided the case for the status quo, citing all the known instances of times when Brahms himself had mentioned the story to friends and biographers. Styra Avins, a translator of many of Brahms's heretofore untranslated letters into English, provided evidence to the contrary by saying all the friends and biographers were mistaken. Swafford's inventory of sources is complete, but there remained more to be said. In "The Boy Brahms" I have attempted to show how Avins's evidence is strictly circumstantial and speculative. At this remove from the incidents in question it can be nothing more. I have attempted to refute the conclusions she has drawn from the young Brahms's handwriting, the testimony of neighbors, and the laws governing attendance in the bars, among other things. I have also attempted to show inconsistencies in Avins's arguments that throw into question her thesis and support the veracity of the original story.

President, patron, friend and lover: Charles Montagu's significance to the history of science

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
Rebekah Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Career ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Summary This article examines the legacy of Charles Montagu, Lord Halifax, within the history of science. Although he was President of The Royal Society from 1695 to 1698, Montagu is best known for his political career and as a patron of the arts. As this article shows, Montagu's own scientific interests were limited and his chief significance to the history of science lies in his friendship with a later President, Isaac Newton. It is argued, firstly, that their relationship had important, though indirect, consequences for The Royal Society and, secondly, that its treatment by historians of science has been revealing of changing views of the status of science and its practitioners. Particular attention is given to the approaches of the first generation of Newtonian scholars and biographers in the 19th century.

Öffentlichkeit und Evangelische Schulen oder Evangelische Schulen als öffentliche Schulen

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Henning Schluß
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
School System ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Independent Schools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protestant Church ◽  
Sustainable Education ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pluralistic World

Abstract In recent years, within the horizon of financially independent schools, the question of the status of schools sponsored by the Protestant Church arises in a new light. The article argues that it is an achievement that school is public. At the same time, the concept of the public has to be discussed critically. In the field of education, ‘public’ is still confused with government. Yet both are not the same, which is clarified with a historical perspective. In particular, a Protestant school system must be interested, from its own self-understanding, to be understood as a system of public education. Exclusivity cannot be a hallmark of a Protestant education. Nevertheless, Protestant schools are characterized by a special pedagogical and particularly religious profile, but are open to all who wish to participate. It is the diversity of profiles which is needed for a sustainable education system in a pluralistic world. Different profiles must be possible regardless of the sponsorship, also the public claim must be maintained. This can sometimes create tensions, but these are not ‘antagonistic contradictions’. Instead, they can promote education as a whole.

Challenging the Status Quo: Public Education in Hawaii, 1840-1980

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Valerie Sutter ◽  
Cecil K. Dotts ◽  
Mildred Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Die langsame Entstehung eines wissenschaftlichen Diskurses über Kunst und Literatur um 1800 im Licht des Briefwechsels zwischen Goethe und Schiller 1798–1805

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Abraham
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Science And Literature ◽  
Literary Creation ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
Century Thought

Aus der Begegnung zwischen Goethe und Schiller im Juli 1794 in Jena wird eine tiefe Freundschaft, die sich durch einen intensiven Briefwechsel bis zum frühzeitigen Tod Schillers im Jahre 1805 nähren wird. Dieser formal klassische Briefwechsel, der dem Brief öfters einen kritischen Freiraum verleiht oder ihm die Funktion eines Labors des künstlerischen oder literarischen Schaffens gibt, zeichnet sich durch Originalität am Übergang vom 18. zum 19. Jahrhundert aus, übt Kritik am Dualismus und öffnet die Perspektiven hinsichtlich einer Versöhnung zwischen bis dahin getrennten Denkgebieten. Die Originalität in den Briefen zeigt sich am Vorschlag, die Wissenschaften und die Literatur nicht mehr einander entgegenzustellen, sondern sie zu artikulieren und somit die Möglichkeit eines wissenschaftlichen Diskurses über das literarische Werk in Betracht zu ziehen. Progressive emerging scientific discourse on artsand literature around 1800 in light of the correspondence between Goethe and Schiller 1798–1805Following their meeting in Iena in July 1794, Goethe and Schiller developed a strong friendship and kept up intense correspondence until Schiller’s premature death in 1805. This exchange of letters opens up the space for a critical debate and confers upon the letter the status of a laboratory for artistic and literary creation. The correspondence also encodes one of the more original aspects of the late 18th- to early 19th-century thought: a critique of dualism which leads to the perspective of a reconciliation between science and literature, fields of thought hitherto kept separate. Articulating rather than opposing these fields, Goethe and Schiller conceive of the possibility of holding a scientific discourse on literature.

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