scholarly journals Potential pollutant emission effects of connected and automated vehicles in a mixed traffic flow context for different road types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Bandeira ◽  
Eloisa Macedo, ◽  
Paulo Fernandes ◽  
Monica Rodrigues ◽  
Mario Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Road Type ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

<p>The environmental impact of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is still uncertain. Little is known about how CAVs operational behavior influences the environmental performance of network traffic, including conventional vehicles (CVs). In this paper, a microscopic traffic and emission modeling platform was applied to simulate CAVs operation in Motorway, Rural, and Urban road sections of a medium-sized European city, assuming different configurations of the car-following model parameters associated with a pre-determined or cooperative adaptative behavior of the CAVs. The main contribution is to evaluate the impact of the CAVs operation on the distribution of accelerations, Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) modal distribution, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for different road types and Market Penetration Rates (MPR). Results suggest CAVs operational behavior can affect CVs environmental performance either positively or negatively, depending on the driving settings and road type. It was found network-wide CO2 varies between savings of 18% and an increase of 4%, depending on the road type and MPR. CAVs adjusted driving settings allowed minimization of system NOx up to 13-23% for MPR ranging between 10 and 90%. These findings may support policymakers and traffic planners in developing strategies to better accommodate CAVs in a sustainable way.<br></p>

scholarly journals Potential pollutant emission effects of connected and automated vehicles in a mixed traffic flow context for different road types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Bandeira ◽  
Eloisa Macedo, ◽  
Paulo Fernandes ◽  
Monica Rodrigues ◽  
Mario Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Road Type ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

<p>The environmental impact of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) is still uncertain. Little is known about how CAVs operational behavior influences the environmental performance of network traffic, including conventional vehicles (CVs). In this paper, a microscopic traffic and emission modeling platform was applied to simulate CAVs operation in Motorway, Rural, and Urban road sections of a medium-sized European city, assuming different configurations of the car-following model parameters associated with a pre-determined or cooperative adaptative behavior of the CAVs. The main contribution is to evaluate the impact of the CAVs operation on the distribution of accelerations, Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) modal distribution, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for different road types and Market Penetration Rates (MPR). Results suggest CAVs operational behavior can affect CVs environmental performance either positively or negatively, depending on the driving settings and road type. It was found network-wide CO2 varies between savings of 18% and an increase of 4%, depending on the road type and MPR. CAVs adjusted driving settings allowed minimization of system NOx up to 13-23% for MPR ranging between 10 and 90%. These findings may support policymakers and traffic planners in developing strategies to better accommodate CAVs in a sustainable way.<br></p>

Driver Reactions to Uphill Grades: Inference from a Stochastic Car-Following Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (11) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tu Xu ◽  
Jorge Laval
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Gravitational Effects ◽  
Car Following ◽  
Car Following Model ◽  
Operational Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Engine Power

This paper analyzes the impact of uphill grades on the acceleration drivers choose to impose on their vehicles. Statistical inference is made based on the maximum likelihood estimation of a two-regime stochastic car-following model using Next Generation SIMulation (NGSIM) data. Previous models assume that the loss in acceleration on uphill grades is given by the effects of gravity. We find evidence that this is not the case for car drivers, who tend to overcome half of the gravitational effects by using more engine power. Truck drivers only compensate for 5% of the loss, possibly because of limited engine power. This indicates not only that current models are severely overestimating the operational impacts that uphill grades have on regular vehicles, but also underestimating their environmental impacts. We also find that car-following model parameters are significantly different among shoulder, median and middle lanes but more data is needed to understand clearly why this happens.

Evaluating the Emission and Energy Impacts of Automated Buses on Urban Expressways

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (12) ◽  
pp. 515-529
Author(s):  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
Xumei Chen ◽  
Lei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Dynamic Link Library ◽  
Operational Strategies ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, a series of traffic problems have emerged with continuously increasing traffic. Connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) technology is considered to be an effective way to relieve these problems. It is believed that buses, trucks, and other special vehicles could be among of the first application areas to promote the development of CAV technology. Because of their features of high emissions of pollutants and high energy consumption, the improvement of environmental benefits for such heavy vehicles as buses is the focus in this research. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the impact of automated buses on emissions and energy consumption on urban expressways. To achieve the research objectives in this paper, the established automated buses model is embedded into the simulation platform with VISSIM dynamic link library. Models are developed for emissions and energy consumption calculations based on vehicle-specific power to quantify the environmental impact of automated buses. Two improvement strategies: dedicated managed lane and dedicated bus lane, are designed. Finally, a VISSIM simulation platform based on the Fourth Ring Road in Beijing (Xueyuan Bridge to Haidian Bridge) is built to conduct case studies. The results show that CAV technology in buses can reduce exhaust emissions and save energy. Moreover, the managed lane strategy brings a significant reduction in the emissions and energy consumption of automated buses. These findings can be used for the development of automated bus operational strategies focused on environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact of Autonomous Vehicles on urban noise pollution

Noise Mapping ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Patella ◽  
F. Aletta ◽  
L. Mannini
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Emission Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the results of a noise emission study of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) and their impact on the road network. By comparing the current situation with a future hypothetical scenario (100% AVs penetration), this study highlights the positive effect, in terms of noise pollution, of the adoption of AVs on a real road network (city of Rome). For this scope, a traffic simulation-based approach was used to investigate the effects of AVs on the network congestion. Results show that the full AVs penetration scenario leads to an improvement in the network performances in terms of travel time and average network speed. Moreover, the amount of Vehicle Kilometre Travelled (VKT) shows an 8% increase on longer extra-urban routes, due to the higher capacity impact of AVs on highways, with a consequent load reduction for intra-urban shortcutting routes. These results are also reflected in terms of noise emission. In fact, the central area would benefit from lower noise emission, whereas an increase in traffic volume and speed lead to worsened conditions for some specific highway links of the network. Overall, it was shown that a 100% AVs fleet would have a beneficial effect for the noise pollution, leading to a general reduction of noise emissions, which is more pronounced for intra-urban roads.

Estimating OLED Display Device Lifetime from pixel and screen brightness and its application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gerhardt ◽  
Michael E. Miller ◽  
Hyunjin Yoo ◽  
Tara Akhavan
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Image Processing Algorithm ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Device Lifetime ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Oled Display

In this paper we discuss a model to estimate the power consumption and lifetime (LT) of an OLED display based on its pixel value and the brightness setting of the screen (scbr). This model is used to illustrate the effect of OLED aging on display color characteristics. Model parameters are based on power consumption measurement of a given display for a number of pixel and scbr combinations. OLED LT is often given for the most stressful display operating situation, i.e. white image at maximum scbr, but having the ability to predict the LT for other configurations can be meaningful to estimate the impact and quality of new image processing algorithms. After explaining our model we present a use case to illustrate how we use it to evaluate the impact of an image processing algorithm for brightness adaptation.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Derevenets ◽  
Elizaveta Derevenets
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
The Road ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.

scholarly journals The Impact of Top Management’s Support on the Collaboration of Green Supply Chain Participants and Environmental Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9090
Author(s):  
Jungeun Lee ◽  
Hye-Young Joo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Top Management ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Theoretical Mechanism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

The purpose of this study is to determine whether the support of top management significantly improves the level of environmental collaboration with participating companies upstream and downstream of the green supply chain and the impact on environmental performance. The results of the empirical analysis of 301 companies that are establishing a green supply chain are as follows. First, top management’s support positively affects the level of collaboration with suppliers and customers in the green supply chain. Secondly, support from top management has a direct impact on the company’s environmental performance. Thirdly, the environmental collaboration of participating companies partially plays a mediation role between the support of top management and the environmental performance. This study has significance in that it analyzes the theoretical mechanism of top management’s support for environmental collaboration with participating companies, leading to environmental performance, and draws implications.

The human-like trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles based on optimal control in a test track environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110090
Author(s):  
Xing Xu ◽  
Minglei Li ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Ju Xie ◽  
Xiaohan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Optimal Trajectory ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Optimal Control Method ◽  
The Future ◽  
On The Road

A human-like trajectory could give a safe and comfortable feeling for the occupants in an autonomous vehicle especially in corners. The research of this paper focuses on planning a human-like trajectory along a section road on a test track using optimal control method that could reflect natural driving behaviour considering the sense of natural and comfortable for the passengers, which could improve the acceptability of driverless vehicles in the future. A mass point vehicle dynamic model is modelled in the curvilinear coordinate system, then an optimal trajectory is generated by using an optimal control method. The optimal control problem is formulated and then solved by using the Matlab tool GPOPS-II. Trials are carried out on a test track, and the tested data are collected and processed, then the trajectory data in different corners are obtained. Different TLCs calculations are derived and applied to different track sections. After that, the human driver’s trajectories and the optimal line are compared to see the correlation using TLC methods. The results show that the optimal trajectory shows a similar trend with human’s trajectories to some extent when driving through a corner although it is not so perfectly aligned with the tested trajectories, which could conform with people’s driving intuition and improve the occupants’ comfort when driving in a corner. This could improve the acceptability of AVs in the automotive market in the future. The driver tends to move to the outside of the lane gradually after passing the apex when driving in corners on the road with hard-lines on both sides.

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