scholarly journals Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Flamm ◽  
Christian Peter ◽  
Felix N. Büchi ◽  
John Lygeros
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

<pre>We present a method that operates an electrolyzer to meet the demand of a hydrogen refueling station in a cost-effective manner by solving a model-based optimal control problem. To formulate the underlying problem, we first conduct an experimental characterization of a Siemens SILYZER 100 polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer with 100 kW of rated power. We run experiments to determine the electrolyzer's conversion efficiency and thermal dynamics as well as the overload-limiting algorithm used in the electrolyzer. The resulting detailed nonlinear models are used to design a real-time optimal controller, which is then implemented on the actual system. Each minute, the controller solves a deterministic, receding-horizon problem which seeks to minimize the cost of satisfying a given hydrogen demand, while using a storage tank to take advantage of time-varying electricity prices and photovoltaic inflow. We illustrate in simulation the significant cost reduction achieved by our method compared to others in the literature, and then validate our method by demonstrating it in real-time operation on the actual system. </pre>

scholarly journals Electrolyzer Modeling and Real-Time Control for Optimized Production of Hydrogen Gas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Flamm ◽  
Christian Peter ◽  
Felix N. Büchi ◽  
John Lygeros
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

<pre>We present a method that operates an electrolyzer to meet the demand of a hydrogen refueling station in a cost-effective manner by solving a model-based optimal control problem. To formulate the underlying problem, we first conduct an experimental characterization of a Siemens SILYZER 100 polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer with \SI{100}{\kilo \watt} of rated power. We run experiments to determine the electrolyzer's conversion efficiency and thermal dynamics as well as the overload-limiting algorithm used in the electrolyzer. The resulting detailed nonlinear models are used to design a real-time optimal controller, which is then implemented on the actual system. Each minute, the controller solves a deterministic, receding-horizon problem which seeks to minimize the cost of satisfying a given hydrogen demand, while using a storage tank to take advantage of time-varying electricity prices and photovoltaic inflow. We illustrate in simulation the significant cost reduction achieved by our method compared to others in the literature, and then validate our method by demonstrating it in real-time operation on the actual system. </pre>

scholarly journals Electrolyzer modeling and real-time control for optimized production of hydrogen gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 116031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Flamm ◽  
Christian Peter ◽  
Felix N. Büchi ◽  
John Lygeros
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Using sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) to treat ABS wastewater

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-N. Chang ◽  
H.R. Chen ◽  
C.H. Huang ◽  
A. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Real Time Operation

Ratio of total Kjeldahl Nitrogen to COD for ABS (acrylnitrile, butadiene and styrene) wastewater is in a range of 0.12–0.17, which is significantly higher than that needed for optimal growth of an activated sludge. In this work, an automated Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) system at lab-scale is applied to reduce the amount of ABS; this system is controlled by an on-line monitoring of oxidation-reduction potential (ORP). A comparison of the operation efficiency for the lab-scale SBBR operated with the control of fix-time method and ORP-based real-time automatic method is presented. The results show that the system ORP can be used as an available parameter for achieving a real-time operation and control of the lab-scale SBBR. It is found that the reaction time is reduced of 11.1–55.2% if an ORP-based real-time control is used, instead of the fixed-time control. Also, the SBBR system is made more efficient and cost-effective.

Real-time implementation of an algorithm for self-repairing control systems based on LQG optimization

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
F Caliskan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
Cent Efficiency ◽  
Real Time Operation ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Aircraft Application

In this paper a self-repairing real-time control (SRC) system based on LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) optimization is proposed. Its transputer implementation and a real-time aircraft application are presented. The SRC system is composed of the monitoring of the control system, the detection and diagnosis of the failure and the reconfiguration of the control laws. The proposed SRC system is suitable for real-time operation because of the parallel nature of its architecture. The INMOS multitransputer implementation of the SRC applied to an aircraft model provides 56 per cent efficiency compared to a single-transputer implementation.

Real-Time Process Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor-Embedded Rotary Tools for Fastening Operations

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak T. Mohan ◽  
Jeffrey Birt ◽  
Can Saygin ◽  
Jaganathan Sarangapani
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Optical Encoder ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Rotary Type

Fastening operations are extensively used in the aerospace industry and constitute for more than a quarter of the total cost. Inspection of fasteners is another factor that adds cost and complexity to the overall process. Inspection is usually carried out on a sampling-basis as a stand-alone process after the fastening process is completed. Lack of capability to inspect all fasteners in a cost effective manner and the need to remove non-value added activities, such as inspection by itself, in order to reduce the manufacturing lead time have been the motivation behind this study. This paper presents a novel diagnostics scheme based on Mahalanobis-Taguchi System (MTS) for monitoring the quality of rotary-type fastening operations in real-time. This approach encompasses (1) integrating a torque sensor, a pressure sensor, and an optical encoder on a hand-held rotary-type fastening tool; (2) obtaining process parameters via the embedded sensors and generating process signatures in real-time; and (3) detecting anomalies on the tool using a wireless mote that communicates the decision with a base station. The anomalies investigated in this study are the grip length variations as under grip and normal grip, and presence of re-used fasteners. The proposed scheme has been implemented on prototype rotary tool for bolt-nut type of fasteners and tested under a variety of experimental settings. The experimental results have shown that the proposed approach is successful, with an accuracy of over 95% in detecting grip lengths of fasteners in real-time during the process.

Solar Production of Hydrogen Using “Self-Assembled” Polyoxometalate Photocatalysts

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Muradov ◽  
A. T-Raissi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Anion Exchange Resins ◽  
Colloidal Platinum ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Water Alcohol Solutions ◽  
Water Alcohol

The near-term and cost-effective production of solar hydrogen from inexpensive and readily available hydrogen containing compounds (HCCs) can boost the prospects of future hydrogen economy. In this paper, we assess the prospects of the solar-assisted conversion of HCCs into hydrogen using polyoxometalate (POM) based photocatalysts, such as isopolytungstates (IPT) and silicotungstic acid (STA). Upon exposure to solar photons, IPT aqueous solutions containing various HCCs (e.g., alcohols, alkanes, organic acids, sugars, etc.) produce hydrogen gas and corresponding oxygenated compounds. The presence of small amounts of colloidal platinum increases the rate of hydrogen evolution by one order of magnitude. A solar photocatalytic flat-bed reactor, approximately 1.2m×1.2m in size, was fabricated and tested for the production of hydrogen from water-alcohol solutions containing IPT and STA and small amounts of colloidal Pt. The solar photoreactor tests demonstrated steady-state production of hydrogen gas for several days. IPT immobilized on granules of anion exchange resins with quaternary ammonium active groups show good photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production from water-alcohol solutions exposed to near-UV or solar radiation.

CAN Security: Cost-Effective Intrusion Detection for Real-Time Control Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Otsuka ◽  
Tasuku Ishigooka ◽  
Yukihiko Oishi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Sasazawa
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control

Control Strategies for Distributed Real-Time Control With Time Delays and Packets Losses

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Ji ◽  
Ajit Ambike ◽  
Won-Jong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Time Delays ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Packet Losses ◽  
Time Operation

Investigation on using network for distributed systems is an important topic in the motion control industry. This paper presents solutions to time-delay and packet-loss problems encountered in distributed real-time operation of an open-loop unstable magnetic levitation (maglev) test bed via an Ethernet. A novel model predictive control strategy with optimal controller design is developed to overcome the adverse influences of time delays and packet losses. By using the prediction of system states and the event-driven and time-driven smart actuator simultaneously, the plant receives the current control signal in every sampling interval even at the presence of time delays and packet losses. Thus we can compensate the time-delay and packet-loss in a uniform way. The simulation and experimental results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of this control algorithm for NCSs with long stochastic time delays and successive packet losses.

Hydrogen Gas Production Using Aluminum Waste Cans Powder Produced by Disintegration Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Seng Tat Lim ◽  
Sumathi Sethupathi ◽  
Abdulkareem Ghassan Alsultan ◽  
Loong Kong Leong ◽  
Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fossil fuels dependencies need to be stopped to safeguard the earth from further damage. This study focuses on the production of hydrogen (H2) gas using waste aluminum (Al) cans. Al waste cans were fed into disintegrator to produce fine powder. The hydrolysis performance of disintegrated powdered Al cans were compared with the commercial Al powder. The effect of different reaction temperatures (25 - 100°C); type of alkalis (NaOH, KOH and Ba (OH)2); and type of water sources (tap, deionized, ultrapure and distilled) for the hydrolysis process were analyzed. The Al powders were also characterized using different techniques to understand its behavior. It was found that powdered Al waste cans produced more H2 compared to commercial Al reported in the literature. The higher the reaction temperature, the higher the rate of H2 production. Deionized water maximizes the production of H2 compared to other types of water. Ba (OH)2 was found to be an unproductive alkaline for H2 production using powdered Al waste cans. The successful hydrolysis of powdered Al waste can in alkaline condition in this research has demonstrated as a cost-effective, clean and green alternative hydrogen production method.

I-V Characteristic and Performance of Three Electrode Alkaline Electrolyzer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwakar Kafle ◽  
Sushil Dumre ◽  
Saroj Tripathi ◽  
Shankar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Hydrogen production by electrolysis of water is seen as a promising technique as it is environment friendly and it can use renewable energy source for the production of hydrogen gas. However, this technology has less than 4% contribution to the production of commercial hydrogen in the market. This is due to the high electricity consumption of the water splitting reaction. The main challenge to make this technology efficient and economically viable is to develop cost effective and highly efficient electrolyzer. Here we have developed a three electrode electrolyzer in which an extra electrode is inserted between conventional electrodes: cathode and anode. This novel electrolyzer utilizes an extra voltage source which reduces the overpotential and increases the anode current of the cell, which is responsible for the hydrogen production. Furthermore, we observed that, the operating resistance of the cell decreases under the application of the new voltage source. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of third electrode improves the performance of electrolysis by consuming less power as compared to the traditional or conventional two electrode electrolyzer system.

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