scholarly journals Towards a Programming Paradigm for Reconfigurable Computing: Asynchronous Graph Programming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Garcia ◽  
Josh Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Automatic Parallelization ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Processing Elements ◽  
Programming Paradigm ◽  
Current Design

<div>The shift towards reconfigurable systems -hardware</div><div>and software that adapt themselves to an external context-</div><div>promises to unlock unprecedented performance, power consumption, and quality of service. However, reconfiguration imposes several challenges on the design of cyber-physical systems. Current design practices, including software frameworks and programming languages, are ill-prepared for supporting reconfiguration.</div><div>In this paper, we explore Asynchronous Graph Programming, a programming paradigm and an associated model of computation designed for efficient and automated parallelization across processing elements, efficient reconfiguration (i.e., mapping of computational tasks across processing elements), and combining synchronous and asynchronous I/O handling within the same conceptual programming model. We also introduce an analytical model of parallelization, unlocked by Asynchronous Graph Programming, that can inform reconfiguration strategies.</div><div>We analyze the implications of our model through an analysis of reconfiguration scenarios given a program’s characteristics; our analysis quantifies the benefits of reconfiguring software for higher levels of parallelism, given an amount of data left to process. We also introduce Horde, an open source Asynchronous Graph Programming interpreter, and use it to empirically validate the performance advantage of its automatic parallelism capabilities; in our experiments, automatic parallelization from one to four cores improves average case execution time by a factor of 2 and worst case execution time by a factor of 3.</div><div><br></div><div>This manuscript has been accepted at the IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2020)</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Towards a Programming Paradigm for Reconfigurable Computing: Asynchronous Graph Programming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Garcia ◽  
Josh Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Reconfigurable Computing ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Automatic Parallelization ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Processing Elements ◽  
Programming Paradigm ◽  
Current Design

<div>The shift towards reconfigurable systems -hardware</div><div>and software that adapt themselves to an external context-</div><div>promises to unlock unprecedented performance, power consumption, and quality of service. However, reconfiguration imposes several challenges on the design of cyber-physical systems. Current design practices, including software frameworks and programming languages, are ill-prepared for supporting reconfiguration.</div><div>In this paper, we explore Asynchronous Graph Programming, a programming paradigm and an associated model of computation designed for efficient and automated parallelization across processing elements, efficient reconfiguration (i.e., mapping of computational tasks across processing elements), and combining synchronous and asynchronous I/O handling within the same conceptual programming model. We also introduce an analytical model of parallelization, unlocked by Asynchronous Graph Programming, that can inform reconfiguration strategies.</div><div>We analyze the implications of our model through an analysis of reconfiguration scenarios given a program’s characteristics; our analysis quantifies the benefits of reconfiguring software for higher levels of parallelism, given an amount of data left to process. We also introduce Horde, an open source Asynchronous Graph Programming interpreter, and use it to empirically validate the performance advantage of its automatic parallelism capabilities; in our experiments, automatic parallelization from one to four cores improves average case execution time by a factor of 2 and worst case execution time by a factor of 3.</div><div><br></div><div>This manuscript has been accepted at the IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2020)</div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals Batched evaluation of linear tabled logic programs

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1775-1797
Author(s):  
Miguel Areias ◽  
Ricardo Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Scheduling Algorithm ◽  
Logic Programs ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Programming Paradigm ◽  
Sld Resolution ◽  
Local Scheduling

Logic Programming languages, such as Prolog, provide a highlevel, declarative approach to programming. Despite the power, flexibility and good performance that Prolog systems have achieved, some deficiencies in Prolog?s evaluation strategy - SLD resolution - limit the potential of the logic programming paradigm. Tabled evaluation is a recognized and powerful technique that overcomes SLD?s susceptibility in dealing with recursion and redundant sub-computations. In a tabled evaluation, there are several points where we may have to choose between different tabling operations. The decision on which operation to perform is determined by the scheduling algorithm. The two most successful tabling scheduling algorithms are local scheduling and batched scheduling. In previous work, we have developed a framework, on top of the Yap Prolog system, that supports the combination of different linear tabling strategies for local scheduling. In this work, we propose the extension of our framework to support batched scheduling. In particular, we are interested in the two most successful linear tabling strategies, the DRA and DRE strategies. To the best of our knowledge, no other Prolog system supports both strategies simultaneously for batched scheduling. Our experimental results show that the combination of the DRA and DRE strategies can effectively reduce the execution time for batched evaluation.

Cache-Aware SPM Allocation to Reduce Worst-Case Execution Time for Hybrid SPM-Caches

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1850080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Wu ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Cache Architecture ◽  
Worst Case Execution Time ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Allocation Strategies

Scratch-Pad Memories (SPMs) have been increasingly used in real-time and embedded systems. However, it is still unknown and challenging to reduce the worst-case execution time (WCET) for hybrid SPM-cache architecture, where an SPM and a cache memory are placed on-chip in parallel to cooperatively improve performance and/or energy efficiency. In this paper, we study four SPM allocation strategies to reduce the WCET for hybrid SPM-caches with different complexities. These algorithms differ by whether or not they can cooperate with the cache or be aware of the WCET. Our evaluation shows that the cache-aware and WCET-oriented SPM allocation can minimize the WCET for real-time benchmarks with little or even positive impact on the average-case execution time (ACET).

Rule Based Classifiers for Suspect Detection from CCTV Footages

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Answer Sheet ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Contact Detection ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Hand Detection ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
The Face ◽  
Case Simulation ◽  
Material Exchange

Background: The significant work has been present to identify suspects, gathering information and examining any videos from CCTV Footage. This exploration work expects to recognize suspicious exercises, i.e. object trade, passage of another individual, peeping into other's answer sheet and individual trade from the video caught by a reconnaissance camera amid examinations. This requires the procedure of face acknowledgment, hand acknowledgment and distinguishing the contact between the face and hands of a similar individual and that among various people. Methods: Segmented frames has given as input to obtain foreground image with the help of Gaussian filtering and background modeling method. Suh foreground images has given to Activity Recognition model to detect normal activity or suspicious activity. Results: Accuracy rate, Precision and Recall are calculate for activities detection, contact detection for Best Case, Average Case and Worst Case. Simulation results are compare with performance parameter such as Material Exchange, Position Exchange, and Introduction of a new person, Face and Hand Detection and Multi Person Scenario. Conclusion: In this paper, a framework is prepared for suspect detection. This framework will absolutely realize an unrest in the field of security observation in the training area.

Enriched Meanings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ash Asudeh ◽  
Gianluca Giorgolo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Category Theory ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Semantics Of Programming Languages ◽  
Basic Meaning ◽  
Language Interpretation ◽  
Major Branch ◽  
Compositional Properties

This book presents a theory of enriched meanings for natural language interpretation. Certain expressions that exhibit complex effects at the semantics/pragmatics boundary live in an enriched meaning space while others live in a more basic meaning space. These basic meanings are mapped to enriched meanings just when required compositionally, which avoids generalizing meanings to the worst case. The theory is captured formally using monads, a concept from category theory. Monads are also prominent in functional programming and have been successfully used in the semantics of programming languages to characterize certain classes of computation. They are used here to model certain challenging linguistic computations at the semantics/pragmatics boundary. Part I presents some background on the semantics/pragmatics boundary, informally presents the theory of enriched meanings, reviews the linguistic phenomena of interest, and provides the necessary background on category theory and monads. Part II provides novel compositional analyses of the following phenomena: conventional implicature, substitution puzzles, and conjunction fallacies. Part III explores the prospects of combining monads, with particular reference to these three cases. The authors show that the compositional properties of monads model linguistic intuitions about these cases particularly well. The book is an interdisciplinary contribution to Cognitive Science: These phenomena cross not just the boundary between semantics and pragmatics, but also disciplinary boundaries between Linguistics, Philosophy and Psychology, three of the major branches of Cognitive Science, and are here analyzed with techniques that are prominent in Computer Science, a fourth major branch. A number of exercises are provided to aid understanding, as well as a set of computational tools (available at the book's website), which also allow readers to develop their own analyses of enriched meanings.

scholarly journals A Splay Tree-Based Approach for Efficient Resource Location in P2P Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Zilong Tan ◽  
Shaowen Yao ◽  
Shipu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Adaptive Routing ◽  
Upper And Lower Bounds ◽  
Resource Location ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Splay Tree ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
P2p System

Resource location in structured P2P system has a critical influence on the system performance. Existing analytical studies of Chord protocol have shown some potential improvements in performance. In this paper a splay tree-based new Chord structure called SChord is proposed to improve the efficiency of locating resources. We consider a novel implementation of the Chord finger table (routing table) based on the splay tree. This approach extends the Chord finger table with additional routing entries. Adaptive routing algorithm is proposed for implementation, and it can be shown that hop count is significantly minimized without introducing any other protocol overheads. We analyze the hop count of the adaptive routing algorithm, as compared to Chord variants, and demonstrate sharp upper and lower bounds for both worst-case and average case settings. In addition, we theoretically analyze the hop reducing in SChord and derive the fact that SChord can significantly reduce the routing hops as compared to Chord. Several simulations are presented to evaluate the performance of the algorithm and support our analytical findings. The simulation results show the efficiency of SChord.

scholarly journals Average-Case Approximation Ratio of Scheduling without Payments

Algorithmica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Computer Science ◽  
Approximation Ratio ◽  
Approximation Schemes ◽  
Worst Case Analysis ◽  
Algorithmic Mechanism Design ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Optimal Mechanism

AbstractApart from the principles and methodologies inherited from Economics and Game Theory, the studies in Algorithmic Mechanism Design typically employ the worst-case analysis and design of approximation schemes of Theoretical Computer Science. For instance, the approximation ratio, which is the canonical measure of evaluating how well an incentive-compatible mechanism approximately optimizes the objective, is defined in the worst-case sense. It compares the performance of the optimal mechanism against the performance of a truthful mechanism, for all possible inputs. In this paper, we take the average-case analysis approach, and tackle one of the primary motivating problems in Algorithmic Mechanism Design—the scheduling problem (Nisan and Ronen, in: Proceedings of the 31st annual ACM symposium on theory of computing (STOC), 1999). One version of this problem, which includes a verification component, is studied by Koutsoupias (Theory Comput Syst 54(3):375–387, 2014). It was shown that the problem has a tight approximation ratio bound of $$(n+1)/2$$ ( n + 1 ) / 2 for the single-task setting, where n is the number of machines. We show, however, when the costs of the machines to executing the task follow any independent and identical distribution, the average-case approximation ratio of the mechanism given by Koutsoupias (Theory Comput Syst 54(3):375–387, 2014) is upper bounded by a constant. This positive result asymptotically separates the average-case ratio from the worst-case ratio. It indicates that the optimal mechanism devised for a worst-case guarantee works well on average.

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