scholarly journals Hovering Localization and Power Allocation for UAV assisted DF Relaying Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Agarwal ◽  
Deepak Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Optimization Schemes

An ad-hoc network using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as relay, has been gaining significant attention especially for communication between far apart ground terminals during emergency conditions due to agility and resilience requirements. However, UAV hovering localization (HL) and power allocation (PA) are the key issues in such relay based flying ad hoc networks (FANETs). In this work, we propose a framework to jointly optimize the placement of rotary-wing UAV hovering and PA for maximization of network throughput in a three node decode-and-forward (DF) FANET. Specifically, we develop three different optimization schemes, (i) individual UAV HL optimization with a fixed allocated power, (ii) individual PA optimization for a fixed UAV HL, (iii) jointly optimal UAV HL and PA. For every optimization problem, the underlying convexity is proved and the global optimal solutions have been obtained. Further, we provide novel analysis by utilizing the characteristics of sigmoidal function thereby obtaining the closed-form and semi-closed-form expressions respectively for the globally-optimal solutions for individual and joint optimization schemes. The analytical results are numerically validated and various optimal design insights are discussed. It has been found that the proposed joint optimal scheme shows an average performance enhancement of 52% over benchmark scheme.

scholarly journals Hovering Localization and Power Allocation for UAV assisted DF Relaying Ad Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudh Agarwal ◽  
Deepak Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Optimization Schemes

An ad-hoc network using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as relay, has been gaining significant attention especially for communication between far apart ground terminals during emergency conditions due to agility and resilience requirements. However, UAV hovering localization (HL) and power allocation (PA) are the key issues in such relay based flying ad hoc networks (FANETs). In this work, we propose a framework to jointly optimize the placement of rotary-wing UAV hovering and PA for maximization of network throughput in a three node decode-and-forward (DF) FANET. Specifically, we develop three different optimization schemes, (i) individual UAV HL optimization with a fixed allocated power, (ii) individual PA optimization for a fixed UAV HL, (iii) jointly optimal UAV HL and PA. For every optimization problem, the underlying convexity is proved and the global optimal solutions have been obtained. Further, we provide novel analysis by utilizing the characteristics of sigmoidal function thereby obtaining the closed-form and semi-closed-form expressions respectively for the globally-optimal solutions for individual and joint optimization schemes. The analytical results are numerically validated and various optimal design insights are discussed. It has been found that the proposed joint optimal scheme shows an average performance enhancement of 52% over benchmark scheme.

Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhy Krishna .S
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Autonomous Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Administration

A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.

An Improved Ad Hoc Network Communication Based on Cluster

2013 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhai ◽  
Xing Wei ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Liao Yuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Gateway Node ◽  
Adaptive Clustering ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Hoc Networks

In order to tackle the data transmission bottlenecks of the gateway node in clustering Ad hoc Networks, the paper proposes a communication method. Firstly, DMAC (Distributed and Mobility-Adaptive Clustering) algorithm and Omni-directional antenna is well introduced and discussed. Then the ICMMDA (The Inter-cluster Communication Method based on Directional Antennas) policy building virtual channels between two hops away cluster-head and using directional antenna is brought about. Lastly, the simulation shows that the method can reduce the end-to-end delay between two clusters and improve the network throughput.

scholarly journals METRICS FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SAFETY APPLICATIONS IN VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORKS

Transport ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Yousefi ◽  
Mahmood Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
To Come ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

In the recent years, direct message exchange between vehicles in order to improve the safety of road traffic has been attracting lots of interest in both networking and road safety communities. While travelling on a road, vehicles form an ad hoc network called Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) and deploy life safety applications. Evaluating the performance of these applications is primordial for realizing VANETs in real life. Current literature lacks efficient ways to evaluate the performance of safety applications and mostly leverages on classical networking metrics like delay, delivery rate etc. In this paper, we consider both networking and safety concerns simultaneously to come up with more efficient methods. In particular, we first point out the significance of fairness and coverage from safety viewpoint. Then, we introduce two new metrics called beaconing rate and effective range aiming at providing more facilities for safety performance evaluation in VANET s research. Furthermore, realizing special characteristics of safety applications while disseminating beacon messages, we study the way that beacon dissemination protocols affect the performance of safety applications. We then conduct extensive simulation study to show the usefulness of the introduced metrics and derive some insights on the feasibility of driver‐assistant safety applications. Our evaluation also shows that sending the aggregated status of neighbouring vehicles in addition to vehicle's own status, and instead, increasing beacon transmission interval may be invoked in order to assist safety applications in providing satisfactory services to drivers.

A Route Selection Mechanism for Mobility of Node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Hyun Jong Cha ◽  
Jin Mook Kim ◽  
Hwang Bin Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad-hoc network is a method of communication between different nodes (mobile devices) without the use of base stations, which are used in wired networks. In a Mobile ad-hoc network, nodes can play the role of a receiver, sender, or a relay. As movement is flexible in Mobile ad-hoc networks and nodes have limited resources, nodes may join the communication or exit it at any time. Therefore, for Mobile ad-hoc networks, routing techniques - selecting communication routes and maintaining them – is considered important in an environment of constantly changing network topology. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a reliable routing protocol based on MP-AOMDV, which monitors changes in signal strength not only for GPS signals but reception signals as well. Although MP-AOMDV was researched under the assumption of fixed movement direction and speed, this paper proposes a routing technique that works with changing movement direction or speed of nodes.

scholarly journals Performance Enhancement of Optimized Link State Routing Protocol by Parameter Configuration for UANET

Drones ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Esmot Ara Tuli ◽  
Mohtasin Golam ◽  
Dong-Seong Kim ◽  
Jae-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Link State ◽  
Parameter Configuration ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Dynamic Attributes ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

The growing need for wireless communication has resulted in the widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a variety of applications. Designing a routing protocol for UAVs is paramount as well as challenging due to its dynamic attributes. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), such as aerial mobility in 3D space and frequently changing topology. This paper analyzes the performance of four topology-based routing protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR), by using practical simulation software OPNET 14.5. Performance evaluation carries out various metrics such as throughput, delay, and data drop rate. Moreover, the performance of the OLSR routing protocol is enhanced and named “E-OLSR” by tuning parameters and reducing holding time. The optimized E-OLSR settings provide better performance than the conventional request for comments (RFC 3626) in the experiment, making it suitable for use in UAV ad hoc network (UANET) environments. Simulation results indicate the proposed E-OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR and achieves supremacy over other protocols mentioned in this paper.

scholarly journals A Coordinated Direct AF/DF Relay-Aided NOMA Framework for Low Outage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Jee ◽  
KAMAL AGRAWAL ◽  
Shankar Prakriya
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Power Allocation ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Amplify And Forward ◽  
Decode And Forward

This paper investigates the performance of a framework for low-outage downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) signalling using a coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT) scheme with direct links to both the near-user (NU) and the far-user (FU). Both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying are considered. In this framework, NU and FU combine the signals from BS and R to attain good outage performance and harness a diversity of two without any need for feedback. For the NU, this serves as an incentive to participate in NOMA signalling. For both NU and FU, expressions for outage probability and throughput are derived in closed form. High-SNR approximations to the outage probability are also presented. We demonstrate that the choice of power allocation coefficient and target rate is crucial to maximize the NU performance while ensuring a desired FU performance. We demonstrate performance gain of the proposed scheme over selective decode-and-forward (SDF) CDRT-NOMA in terms of three metrics: outage probability, sum throughput and energy efficiency. Further, we demonstrate that by choosing the target rate intelligently, the proposed CDRT NOMA scheme ensures higher energy efficiency (EE) in comparison to its orthogonal multiple access counterpart. Monte Carlo simulations validate the derived expressions.

scholarly journals Enhancing Reactive Ad Hoc Routing Protocols with Trust

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yelena Trofimova ◽  
Pavel Tvrdík
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Trust Mechanism ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In wireless ad hoc networks, security and communication challenges are frequently addressed by deploying a trust mechanism. A number of approaches for evaluating trust of ad hoc network nodes have been proposed, including the one that uses neural networks. We proposed to use packet delivery ratios as input to the neural network. In this article, we present a new method, called TARA (Trust-Aware Reactive Ad Hoc routing), to incorporate node trusts into reactive ad hoc routing protocols. The novelty of the TARA method is that it does not require changes to the routing protocol itself. Instead, it influences the routing choice from outside by delaying the route request messages of untrusted nodes. The performance of the method was evaluated on the use case of sensor nodes sending data to a sink node. The experiments showed that the method improves the packet delivery ratio in the network by about 70%. Performance analysis of the TARA method provided recommendations for its application in a particular ad hoc network.

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