scholarly journals Review and Comparison of Grid-Tied Inverter Controllers in Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caldognetto
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

<div><div><div><p>Grid-tied inverters are widely used for interfacing renewable energy sources or storage devices to low-voltage electrical power distribution systems. Lately, a number of different control techniques have been proposed to address the emerging requirements of the smart power system scenario, in terms of both functionalities and performance. This paper reviews the techniques proposed for the implementation of current-controlled or voltage-controlled inverters in microgrids. By referring to a voltage source inverter with LCL output filter, the different control architectures are classified as single-, double-, and triple- loop. Then, the functionalities that are needed or recommended in the grid-connected, islanded, and autonomous operating modes of the grid-tied inverter are identified and their implementation in the different control structures is discussed. To validate the analysis and to better illustrate the merits and limitations of the most effective solutions, six control strategies are finally implemented and experimentally compared on a single-phase, grid-connected inverter setup.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Review and Comparison of Grid-Tied Inverter Controllers in Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caldognetto
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

<div><div><div><p>Grid-tied inverters are widely used for interfacing renewable energy sources or storage devices to low-voltage electrical power distribution systems. Lately, a number of different control techniques have been proposed to address the emerging requirements of the smart power system scenario, in terms of both functionalities and performance. This paper reviews the techniques proposed for the implementation of current-controlled or voltage-controlled inverters in microgrids. By referring to a voltage source inverter with LCL output filter, the different control architectures are classified as single-, double-, and triple- loop. Then, the functionalities that are needed or recommended in the grid-connected, islanded, and autonomous operating modes of the grid-tied inverter are identified and their implementation in the different control structures is discussed. To validate the analysis and to better illustrate the merits and limitations of the most effective solutions, six control strategies are finally implemented and experimentally compared on a single-phase, grid-connected inverter setup.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Study on Stability of Hand-in-hand Structure of Multi-terminal DC Hydrogen Production System

2022 ◽  
Vol 2160 (1) ◽  
pp. 012019
Author(s):  
Yin Yi ◽  
Guowei Chen ◽  
Guoju Zhang ◽  
Li Ding ◽  
Wei Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Production System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Energy Storage Devices

Abstract Multi-terminal DC (MTDC) hydrogen production systems are becoming one of the important forms of power distribution systems with the increasing growth of distributed renewable energy sources (such as PV and wind turbines), energy storage devices, and DC loads. To explore the key factors in stability analysis, the circuit diagram of MTDC hydrogen production system in hand-in-hand structure composed of voltage source converters (VSCs), DC lines, renewable energy and DC hydrogen production load was established in this paper. The overall state space model of the system was put forward, taking the master-slave converter control strategy into consideration. Then, the small-signal stability analysis of the MTDC hydrogen production system was carried out by comparing and analyzing the moving trajectories of the dominant eigenvalues in different system parameters. The key factor affecting the stability of the system such as DC capacitance of the converter and the electrolyzer power in the DC bus are determined. On this basis, a simulation model of the low-voltage MTDC hydrogen production system was built based on MATLAB/Simulink to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.

A Novel Multi-Functional Grid-Connected Inverter of Renewable Energy Resources

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 2191-2194
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Hong Da Liu ◽  
Ming Jie Chen ◽  
Nai Jun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Unit Vector ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Point Of Common Coupling ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
And Control

On the basis of analyzing the synthesis application of p-q (instantaneous reactive power) theory and unit vector template, a multi-functional grid-connected inverter (MFGCI) with auxiliary services on power quality enhancement in micro-grid (MG) is presented. The novel control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from these MFGCI when installed in AC MG access to 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems by isolated transformer at the point of common coupling (PCC). This kind of inverter can not only deliver the power generation of renewable energy sources (RESs), but also can perform as active power filter (APF) at their PCC as well as can improve the efficiency of inverter and decrease the hardware investment. Finally, both feasibility and effectiveness of this new topologies and control strategies of MFGCI are verified by PSCAD/EMTDC.

scholarly journals Multiobjective Approach for Medium- and Low-Voltage Planning of Power Distribution Systems Considering Renewable Energy and Robustness

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Diogo Rupolo ◽  
Benvindo Pereira Junior ◽  
Javier Contreras ◽  
José Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Neighborhood Search ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Multiobjective Approach

In this paper, a multiobjective approach to carry out the planning of medium-voltage (MV) and low-voltage (LV) distribution systems, considering renewable energy sources (RES) and robustness, is proposed. Due to the uncertainties associated with RES and demand, the proposed planning methodology takes into account a robust planning index (RPI). This RPI allows us to evaluate the robustness estimation associated with each planning solution. The objective function in the mathematical model considers the costs of investment and operation and the robustness of the planning proposals. Due to the computational complexity of this problem, which is difficult to solve by means of classical optimization techniques, MV/LV planning is solved by a decomposition search and a general variable neighborhood search (GVNS) algorithm. To demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of this methodology, tests are performed in an integrated distribution system with 50 MV nodes and 410 LV nodes. Our numerical results show that the proposed methodology makes it possible to minimize costs and improve robustness levels in distribution system planning.

scholarly journals Cascaded multilevel converters in recent research and applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malinowski
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Multilevel Converters ◽  
Solid State Transformers ◽  
Hvdc Transmission ◽  
High Voltage Direct Current

Abstract Multilevel converters have been intensively investigated and developed since 1960s and have found successful industrial applications. The aim of this paper is to present state of the art as well as recent research and applications of cascaded multilevel converters, which are a very interesting solution for power distribution systems and renewable energy sources. Cascaded multilevel converters can easily operate at medium and high voltage based on the series connection of power modules (cells), which use standard low-voltage component configurations. Series connections of modules (cells) allow for high quality output voltages and input currents, reduction of passive components and availability of component redundancy. Due to these features the cascaded multilevel converters have been recognized as attractive solutions for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission, solid state transformers (SST) and photovoltaic (PV) systems.

scholarly journals Application of PSO for optimal coordination of directional over-current relays in distribution system with distributed renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Lazhar Bougouffa ◽  
Abdelaziz Chaghi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Optimal Coordination

<p>The use of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources in the electrical network has expanded greatly. But, integration of these resources into distribution systems caused more problems in protection related issues such as mis-coordination, and changes the direction and value of fault currents. When connecting new D-RES to electrical power distribution networks, it is required to re-coordinate Directional Over-CurrentRelays (DOC-Relays) to ensure the continuity of the power transmission when the short circuits take place. This work presented a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine two independent variables called Pickup current (Ip) and Time Dial Setting (TDS) for optimal setting of relays. From analysis result, the impacts of RES location in the distribution system on DOCRs had been observed on the optimal relays settings</p>

scholarly journals Data Analytics for Profiling Low-Voltage Customers with Smart Meter Readings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Pilo ◽  
Giuditta Pisano ◽  
Simona Ruggeri ◽  
Matteo Troncia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Large Databases ◽  
A New Technique

The energy transition for decarbonization requires consumers’ and producers’ active participation to give the power system the necessary flexibility to manage intermittency and non-programmability of renewable energy sources. The accurate knowledge of the energy demand of every single customer is crucial for accurately assessing their potential as flexibility providers. This topic gained terrific input from the widespread deployment of smart meters and the continuous development of data analytics and artificial intelligence. The paper proposes a new technique based on advanced data analytics to analyze the data registered by smart meters to associate to each customer a typical load profile (LP). Different LPs are assigned to low voltage (LV) customers belonging to nominal homogeneous category for overcoming the inaccuracy due to non-existent coincident peaks, arising by the common use of a unique LP per category. The proposed methodology, starting from two large databases, constituted by tens of thousands of customers of different categories, clusters their consumption profiles to define new representative LPs, without a priori preferring a specific clustering technique but using that one that provides better results. The paper also proposes a method for associating the proper LP to new or not monitored customers, considering only few features easily available for the distribution systems operator (DSO).

scholarly journals A Flexible Load Control Strategy for Distribution Network to Reduce the Line Losses and to Eliminate the Transmission Congestion

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Hu ◽  
Peifeng Shen ◽  
Wenlu Ji ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Test System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Transmission Congestion ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Flexible Load

There are many uncertain factors in the modern distribution network, including the access of renewable energy sources and the heavy load level. The existence of these factors has brought challenges to the stability of the power distribution network, as well as increasing the risk of exceeding transmission capacity of distribution lines. The appearance of flexible load control technology provides a new idea to solve the above problems. Air conditioners (ACs) account for a great proportion of all loads. In this paper, the model of dispatching AC loads in the regional power grid is constructed, and the direct load control (DLC) method is adopted to reduce the load of ACs. An improved tabu search technique is proposed to solve the problem of network dispatch in distribution systems in order to reduce the resistive line losses and to eliminate the transmission congestion in lines under normal operating conditions. The optimal node solution is obtained to find the best location and reduction capacity of ACs for load control. To demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method, a test system is studied. The numerical results are also given in this article, which reveal that the proposed method is promising.

Power Quality Issues and Solutions – Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Mikkili ◽  
Anup Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
Power Quality ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Nonlinear Loads ◽  
Broad Perspective ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Quality Issues

Abstract Electrical power quality has been an important and growing problem because of the proliferation of nonlinear loads such as power electronic converters in typical power distribution systems in recent years. Particularly, voltage harmonics and power distribution equipment problems result from current harmonics produced by nonlinear loads. The Electronic equipment like, computers, battery chargers, electronic ballasts, variable frequency drives, and switch mode power supplies, generate perilous harmonics and cause enormous economic loss every year. Problems caused by power quality have great adverse economic impact on the utilities and customers. Due to that both power suppliers and power consumers are concerned about the power quality problems and compensation techniques. Power quality has become more and more serious with each passing day. As a result active power filter gains much more attention due to excellent harmonic and reactive power compensation in two-wire (single phase), three-wire (three-phase without neutral), and four-wire (three-phase with neutral) ac power networks with nonlinear loads. However, this is still a technology under development, and many new contributions and new control topologies have been reported in the last few years. It is aimed at providing a broad perspective on the status of APF technology to the researchers and application engineers dealing with power quality issues.

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