scholarly journals CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT EXTRA-DURAL HAEMATOMA : CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Dilraj Kadlas ◽  
Meghna Kinjalk
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVE: Study of natural history of significant extra dural haematoma resolution. BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes of death. There are various modes of injury like road traffic accident, assault, fall and others.The traumatic brain injury can range from scalp laceration to intracranial haemorrhage.The line of management is decided upon considering several factors like age, co morbidities, Glasgow coma scale neurodeficiency,CT scan findings,other associated injury. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old gentleman sustained head injury following road traffic accident. CT scan (head) was suggestive of extradural haematoma.Patient was subjected to decompressive craniotomy and evacuation of extra dural haematoma. On 2nd post-operative day, CT Scan (head) was done which was suggestive of right frontal and right posterior parietal extra dural haematoma. The relatives did not give consent for surgery .Conservative management was done. Patient improved and haematoma resolved. A 42 year old male presented to the emergency with history of head injury . CT Scan was suggestive of extra dural haematoma. Conservative management was done as surgery was refused by the relatives.Patient was monitored.Patient was asymptomatic after discharge and during follow up period. CONCLUSION:We report two unusual cases of extradural haematoma with a good outcome and uneventful follow up period.

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Head Trauma Patients in Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Region of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Binit Dev ◽  
Sushil Taparia ◽  
Parvez Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with head trauma is common cause for emergency visits to hospital affecting all age groups. It is one of important leading cause of death and disability worldwide besides leading to neurological disease burden. Noncontrast enhanced Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is imaging modality of choice for detection of various intracranial lesions. Objectives: This study was done to analyse various imaging findings on MDCT in traumatic head injury patients along with association of CT findings with clinical manifestation and mechanism of injury. Methodology: In this ethically approved prospective study, CT scan was done in 224 consecutive patients with head injury from November 2020 to February 2021. The various imaging findings seen in CT scan were documented in proforma. The data collected was analyzed with appropriate statistical test and statistical significance was calculated. Results: Total of 224 patients with diagnosis of head injury were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.86 and most common age group involved was between 20-40years (41.1%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (57.6%) and most of the patients presented with history of altered sensorium (35.7%). About 47.3% patients showed abnormal findings on CT scan with scalp lesion was most common findings (82%) followed by skull fractures (54.7%) and cerebral contusions (43.4%). Patients with history of RTA had more abnormal CT scan (62%) than fall injury and physical assault. Statistically significant association seen between CT scan findings with Glasgow Coma Scale and RTA (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed well documented role of CT scan in diagnosis of TBI besides detection of spectrum of intracranial lesions in patients with head trauma. Road traffic accident is most common mode of head injury with most of the victims are young middle age active male. 

Remarks on patients with traumatic brain injury due to traffic accident related to alcohol comsumption treated in Vietduc hospital after implementing the decree 100

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Chinh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Hospital Death ◽  
Risk Of Death

Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of victims by traffic accident. Despite a fact that many measurements and preventions have been applied, the rate of TBI is remained high. Aim of this study was to investigate treatment process of TBI caused by road traffic accident at Viet Duc Hospital after the Decree 100 which has been issued in Vietnam in early 2020. Materials and method: A retrospective and prospective study has been conducted in Viet Duc Hospital from Dec, 2020 to March, 2021. All the patients with TBI by road traffic accident were enrolled. Severity of TBI was identified by Glasgow Scale (GCS) and BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) test taken on arrival. The data was collected from medical record as well as autopsy report and analysed by SPSS.20.0 Results: A total of 150 patients with TBI by road traffic accidents were enrolled, age group from 21 to 60 years old accounted for 64%, male accounted for 86.7%. Associated injuries were maxillofacial lesions 48%, extremities 24.7%, chest accounted for 20%. Severity of TBI with GCS 6 - 8 was the highest rate 52%, from 3 - 5 GCS accounted for 30%. 40% were operated on emergency; BAC was positive 46.7%, of which over from 50 mg/L accounted for 32.6%. The patients with GCS from 6 to 8 were BAC positive accounted for a higher rate than groups with GCS above 9 or below 5. The most common TBI lesions were subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and cerebral edema accounted for 67.3%, 60% and 58% respectively. Overall mortality was 26% including in-hospital death and discharged to die. Conclusions and recommendations: Data from the study has shown that many young men with severe TBI by road traffic accident were BAC positive which can results in the high risk of death and disability. Thus, we highly recommend counterparts should constantly strengthen the propaganda and enforcement measures in order to reduce traffic accidents and TBI patients. Keywords: traffic accidents; injury; brain trauma severity.

scholarly journals PIT10 THE INCREMENTAL COST OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY DURING THE FIRST YEAR AFTER A ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT IN BELGIUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S667
Author(s):  
H. Van Deynse ◽  
G. Van Belleghem ◽  
D. Lauwaert ◽  
M. Moens ◽  
K. Pien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
First Year

Unconsciousness, amnesia and psychiatric symptoms following road traffic accident injury

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Mayou ◽  
John Black ◽  
Bridget Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Accident Injury ◽  
Psychiatric Complications

BackgroundAlthough road traffic accident injury is the most common cause of traumatic brain injury, little is known of the prevalence of psychiatric complications or the significance of unconsciousness and amnesia.AimsTo describe amnesia and unconsciousness following a road traffic accident and to determine whether they are associated with later psychological symptoms.MethodInformation was obtained from medical and ambulance records for 1441 consecutive attenders at an emergency department aged 17–69 who had been involved in a road traffic accident. A total of 1148 (80%) subjects completed a self-report questionnaire at baseline and were followed up at 3 months and 1 year.ResultsAltogether, 1.5% suffered major head (and traumatic brain) injury and 21% suffered minor head injury. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety and depression were more common at 3 months in those who had definitely been unconscious than in those who had not, but there were no differences at 1 year.ConclusionsPTSD and other psychiatric complications are as common in those who were briefly unconscious as in those who were not.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Trauma Patients in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Semagn Mekonnen Abate ◽  
Bedru Jemal Abafita ◽  
Tesfanew Bekele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Medical Care System

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of mortality and disability in young age populations, particularly in children and adolescents. The objective of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to assess the prevalence of TBI among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A three-stage search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Science Direct and African Journals Online, and a grey literature search was conducted on Google Scholar. Data were analyzed with R version 3.6.1. Results: The pooled prevalence of TBI in Ethiopia was 20% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11–32). Subgroup analysis revealed that road traffic accident was the commonest mechanism of injury in Ethiopia at 21% (95% IC, 15– 30), next was assault at 18% (95% CI, 5–48). Conclusion: This review shows a high prevalence of TBI among trauma patients in Ethiopia when compared with continental and global reports. Policymakers and stakeholders should work on regulatory laws on transportation; pre-hospital emergency medical care system is also in high demand.Keywords: Head injury, Road traffic accident, Assault, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Clinical and Diagnostic (CT scan) Case Profile of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Patients in a Teritiary Care Center, Visakhapatnam - A Retrospective Observational Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dharma Rao ◽  
Kodandarao Kuna ◽  
Mohan Patro ◽  
Deepak M. S.
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study

Introduction: India experiences increase in incidence of Road Traffic Accidents (RTA). During 1970 to 2011, there is 7.3 times increase in road accident injuries. Head injury is the commonest due to RTA injury which accounts for 60% of cases in Visakhapatnam which is situated along the 9National Highway. Aim: The aim is to study the clinical and CT scan diagnostic case profile of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Visakhapatnam region. Material & Methods: It is a retrospective observational study of cases of TBI reported at the trauma care center at the tetitiary care King George Hospital (KGH), Visakhapatnam, for the period 2011 – 2018. Proper permission and clearance for the present study is duly obtained. Results & Discussion: Head injury is the commonest among traumatic injuries. CT scan is performed as the gold standard diagnostic test for head injury cases. Contusions followed by Sub arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and Sub dural hemorrhage (SDH) are the most common CT findings. About 25% needed ventilator support. Most common cause of death is CNS injuries (42%) followed by blood loss in 39% of cases. Conclusions: Regulated traffic control, wearing helmet and seat belt, limiting speed and avoiding L & U bends at road corners can prevent and minimise the incidence of fatal injuries.

The incremental cost of traumatic brain injury during the first year after a road traffic accident

Brain Injury ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1234-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Van Deynse ◽  
Griet Van Belleghem ◽  
Door Lauwaert ◽  
Maarten Moens ◽  
Karen Pien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Incremental Cost ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
First Year

scholarly journals A Case of Diffuse Pneumocephalus With Air Bubble Sign

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-64
Author(s):  
Birat Thapa Magar ◽  
Mubashir Malik ◽  
Rizwan Masood Butt ◽  
Faiq Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
History Of

 Background: Pneumocephalus is defined as presence of intracranial gas. It can be at any site in the cranium; isolated or at different sites simultaneously. Quantity of gas along with extent of mass effect caused by it & severity of clinical symptoms will determine the modality of treatment; i.e. conservative or surgical. Among many etiologies trauma is one, which is one of the most common cause as in our case. Multiple foci of gas scattered within the subarachnoid space, especially in the cisterns seen on CT scan of brain has been described as “Air bubble sign”, indicating of subdural tension PNC. Here we have presented our case with review of management of such condition, especially conservative. Case: A case of 55yrs male with history of road traffic accident was referred from another hospital. CT scan of Brain done in previous center showed diffuse PNC scattered throughout the subarachnoid space. The patient was managed conservatively and successive repeat CT scan showed gradual to complete resorption of gas and simultaneous clinical improvement of the patient. Conclusion: “Air bubble sign” described as a sign of tension PNC can be managed conservatively in absence of significant clinical symptoms and may not only be associated with subdural tension PNC. The modality of treatment of PNC as well for tension PNC should be tailored according to the patient’s clinical status.

scholarly journals An Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Head Injury in a Tertiary Care Center in Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
K. Myl Kumaran ◽  
Pragadeesh Raja ◽  
M. Jasmine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traumatic Head

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem in India. The severity of a traumatic brain injury may range from mild to severe. The increase in economic growth in India coupled with rise in population, motorization and industrialization has contributed to a significant increase in TBI with each advancing year. India having the highest rate of head injury in the world. In India more than 100000 lives are lost every year with over 1 million suffering from serious head injury. Objectives: To assess the risk factors among for head injury cases and assess the outcome of the traumatic brain injury patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional Study conducted among all patients with traumatic head injury attending tertiary care centre and those admitted in intensive care unit with the history of traumatic head injury for the duration of one year (August 2016 to July 2017). Data was collected through questionnaire, hospital records and collected from patients. Data Collected was entered in MS office excel and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: Totally 295 cases were reported with history of traumatic brain injury, out of which 82.7% were males and 17.3% were females. Road traffic accidents was the most common cause for TBI 86.4%. Most of the patient was between the age group of 21-40 (51.5%). Most of the cases were from rural areas 55.3%. Based on GCS 49.5%, 28.5% and 22.0% patients had mild, moderate and severe injury respectively. 44.7% injuries occurred between the time period 04.00PM to 12.00AM. Conclusion: This study revealed that most traumatic head injury occur due to Road traffic accident stressing the urgent need to create awareness and conduct health education about prevention of traumatic head injury.

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