scholarly journals FACTORS CAUSING RECURRENCE OF INFECTION IN THE CORNEAL GRAFT AFTER THERAPEUTIC PENETRATING KERATOPLASTY

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Rohit Rohit ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Corneal Graft ◽  
P Value ◽  
Main Risk Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year

Aim:-The aim of this study is to analyse the factors causing recurrence of infection in the corneal graft after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty.Material and Methods:- This study was conducted at Upgraded Department of Ophthalmology, SVBPH,Meerut. This institution performs 120 keratoplasty procedures per year on an average. The study was conducted for a period of one year & 25 patients had reinfection and those who presented with reinfection constituted the sample size complete enumeration.The data thus obtained was compiled and analysed using Statistical Package for Social services (SPSS vs 20). The qualitative variables were analyzed by using frequencies and The qualitative variables were analyzed by using frequencies & percentages & chi square test was used as test of significance.The quantitative variables were presented as measures of central tendency and dispersion. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results Initial fungal etiology was the main risk factor for the recurrence of microbial keratitis after TPK in (24%) of the cases followed by persistent epithelial defects (16%),Initial bacterial etiology (12%), Lid abnormalities (8%) ,contact lens use (8%), Secondary ocular hypertension (8%), prior rejection episodes(8%), initial viral etiology (4%) ,peripheral ulcerative keratitis (8%) & suture related problems(4%). Conclusion:- .This study has shown that Fungal keratitis was the main reason for the initial TPK & initial Fungal aetiology was the main risk factor for the reinfection after TPK

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Hubungan Usia Menarche dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI Angkatan 2013 dan 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisa Fikriani ◽  
Qomariyah Qomariyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Menarche ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Girls who undergo early menarche have excess body weight and heightcompared to that experienced normal menarche or late. The prevalenceof early menarche in Indonesia in 2010 was 20,9%. Research conductedby Hyun Ju et al, showed that early menarche is a risk factor for obesityin adulthood. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ageof menarche with body mass index (BMI) at the Faculty of Medicinestudent YARSI force from 2013 to 2014 involving 87 female studentswere willing to become respondents to fill out questionnaires that havebeen provided as well as measuring the height and weight, researchconducted in YARSI in 2016 with cross sectional research methods. Theresults of statistical calculation using the Pearson chi-square test showedthe p value of 0.000 (P value 0.005), which means h0 rejected, thisproves that there is a relationship between the age of menarche withbody mass index in the student of the Faculty of Medicine YARSI force in2013 and 2014. Obesity is a risk factor in children who undergo earlymenarche therefore girls who undergo early menarche should maintain anutritionally balanced diet and exercise regularly.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis and MDR TB in children at tertiary medical institute

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2571
Author(s):  
Anupama Vinayak Mauskar ◽  
Amrit Gopan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: India is the country with highest burden of TB. There is paucity of data as far as Pediatric TB is concern. TB in children directly reflects intensity of on-going transmission of TB in a given community. This study was done including indoor cases of Pediatric pulmonary TB in a medical college hospital, a tertiary care institute in the city of Mumbai. The aim and objectives of this study the clinical profile and outcome of Pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis/MDR TB in an indoor setting of a tertiary care center. It was a clinical observational study in a setting of medical college hospital.Methods: All admitted children with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB were included in study. A detailed clinical analysis was done. Statistical Analysis Association between two qualitative data was assessed by Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test for all 2 X 2 tables where Chi-Square test was not valid due to small counts. Comparison of quantitative data measured between two outcomes was done using unpaired t-test. PSPP version 0.8.5 was used for statistical analysis.Results: Total of 41 patients with pulmonary TB were included in the study, making admission rate of 0.7% of total admission. Three out of 41 children had MDRTB making incidence 7% of total TB patients. Severe acute malnutrition was a major risk factor for dissemination of disease and mortality (p value 0.031and 0.0017).Conclusions: The study estimates 0.7% admission rate and 7% as incidence of MDRTB in indoor patients. Severe malnutrition was found to be risk factor for dissemination of disease [p value 0.031].

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI USIA PRODUKTIF (25-54 TAHUN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riska Agustina ◽  
Bambang Budi Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kedungmundu meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu tahun 2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Sampel berjumlah 30 orang pada masing-masing kelompok kasus dan kontrol yang diambil dengan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan derajat kemaknaan (α) = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun)  adalah faktor genetik (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesitas (p value=0038, OR=3,5), kebiasaan merokok (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), konsumsi garam (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), penggunaan minyak jelantah (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) dan stress psikis (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah aktifitas fisik (p value=0,065), konsumsi alkohol (p value=0,148), jenis pekerjaan (p value=0,333), pendapatan keluarga (p value=0,531) lama kerja (p value=0,588). Saran bagi penderita hipertensi usia produktif (25-54 tahun) di Kedungmundu supaya lebih meningkatkan status kesehatan dengan lebih teratur memeriksakan kesehatannya, khususnya tekanan darah. Bagi Puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi. Bagi peneliti lain untuk menambah faktor risiko lain yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi usia produktif. Hypertension  at Kedungmundu Puskesmas was ascending from year to year. The purpose of this study is to find risk factors which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) at working area health centers Kedungmundu Year 2013. This is a research of analytical survey with casecontrol approach. Sample of 30 people in each case group and controlgroup who were taken using accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using chi square test with degrees of significance (α) = 0,05. The study results show that the risk factor which related to the Hypertension productive age (25-54 years) genetic factor  (p value=0,019, OR=4,125), obesity (p value=0,038, OR=3,5), smooking habit (p value=0,017, OR=6,0), salt consumption (p value=0,004, OR=5,675), use jelantah oil (p value=0,009, OR=4,929) and psychological stress (p value=0,002, OR=6,417). The risk factor which are not related are physical activities (p value=0,065), alcohol consumption (p value=0,148), type of work (p value=0,333), family’s income (p value=0,531) and duration of employment (p value=0,588). The advice to patient hypertension productive age (25-54 tahun) at Kedungmundu to improve their health status by having themselves checked on more regular basis, particularly for their blood pressure. For the public health center to improve knowledge of the hypertension to the public. For the other researcher could find out another risk factors relate to the hypertension.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF THROMBOLYSIS (STREPTOKINASE) IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH ACUTE ST ELEVATION MI & COMPARISON OF THEIR ANGIOGRAPHIC PROFILE.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ashish Chauhan ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Gupta ◽  
V.V. Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Acute Stemi ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Triple Vessel Disease ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
St Elevation

BACKGROUND: To determine the efficacy of streptokinase in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients presenting with acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). METHOD AND RESULTS: This is a hospital based observational study conducted in the department of Cardiology, S.M.S. MEDICAL COLLEGE and associated hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan between March 2016 to August 2017. Two hundred one consecutive patients of acute STEMI admitted to the Cardiology department were enrolled in the study to maintain 95% CI and 80% power of study. Patients with acute STEMI within 12 hours of chest pain without contraindications to fibrinolytic therapy (streptokinase) were included. ECG was done before and at 90 minutes after the start of streptokinase. ST-segment resolution equal to or more than 70% at 90 minutes on ECG was taken as successful reperfusion. The data was analysed by using software SPSS version 10. The quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation while qualitative variables as frequency and percentage. Chi square test was used to estimate significance and p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Out of 201 patients, 127(63.2%) were non-diabetics and 74(36.8%) were diabetics. The age of presentation of these patients was 32-75yr (meanage=55.59yr). Of these patients, 80% (N=160) were male and 20% (N=40) were female. Among the 74 diabetic patients, streptokinase was not effective in any patients. So streptokinase is non-efficacious in diabetic patients. Among the 127 non diabetic patients, streptokinase was effective in 79 (62.2%). Among the risk factors, smoking and hypertension were found in 84.6% and 62.7% of the patients respectively. So, we found smoking as the most common risk factor followed by HTN and DM in our patients. HTN was found significantly more in diabetic patients (94.59%) vs (44.09% in non-diabetic patients). On angiography, 58.7% patients had SVD, 34.8% had DVD and 6.5% had TVD. Five (2.5%) of these were found to have LM disease. Coronary angiography showed SVD, DVD, TVD in 44(59.46%), 17(22.97%) and 13(17.57%) of diabetic vs 74(58.27%), 53(41.73%) and 0(0%) of non-diabetic patients. So, triple vessel disease is significantly higher in diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: This study shows that streptokinase is significantly more efficacious in non-diabetics as compare to diabetic patients presenting with acute STEMI. It is more efficacious in male than female (M=47.82%; F=5%). We found that the window period of presentation was significantly higher in diabetic patient because of atypical symptoms that may lead to a delay in seeking medical advice and streptokinase was significantly more efficacious in non-diabetics as compare to diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Role of Early Tracheostomy in the Management of Severe Head Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
ABDUL MAJID ◽  
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ ◽  
MUHAMMAD SHAKIR ◽  
ZUBAIR MUSTAFA KHAN ◽  
SAJID IQBAL
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Early Tracheostomy ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complications And Mortality

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the role of early and late tracheostomy in patients presenting with severe head injuries.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial study was conducted in the department of neurosurgery, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from March 2018 to August 2018, after taking approval from the ethical committee. A total of one hundred and thirty patients was divided randomly into early (within three days) and late(after three days) tracheostomy groups. After tracheostomy, data regarding acute physiology, age and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), the total number of days since ventilation, tracheostomy, weaning, discharge from ICU and hospital, complications and mortality were noted. All the data was entered and analyzed with SPSS23.0. Quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, qualitative variables were presented as numbers and percentage. The Chi-square test was applied. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant.Results: The mean age of the patients was 33.13 ± 2.53 years. There were 84 males (64.61%) and 46 females (35.38%) in the study. The duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and stay in hospital for early and late tracheostomy groups were 25.68 ± 2.94 vs. 33.37 ± 3.32 days, 29.42 ± 2.97 vs. 38.54 ± 3.80 days and 37.20 ± 2.98 vs. 47.15 ± 3.84 days respectively. Four patients (3.08%) and seven patients (5.38%) suffered from mortality.Conclusion: Early tracheostomy among the patients presenting with severe head injuries was associated with a better outcome than late tracheostomy.

scholarly journals MEASLES VACCINE;

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 338-342
Author(s):  
Tasneem Kousar ◽  
Shazia Memon ◽  
Salma Shaikh ◽  
Farzana Farzana Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Measles Antibodies ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
One Year

Objective: To determine the rate of sero-conversion after first dose of measlesimmunization in children less than one year of age and to find out association between seroconversionwith nutritional status, URTI, fever and diarrhea. Methodology: Descriptive crosssectional study of 6 month duration conducted at outpatient department, EPI center LUHHyderabad. Total 240 children between 9 to 12 months, who came for measles immunizationwere enrolled. Pre-vaccination blood samples were obtained along with assessment ofnutritional status, and current associated illness like pneumonia, diarrhea and fever of each child.The post vaccination samples were taken after 3 months. Measles antibodies were estimated byusing ELISA technique and titers were compared with controls supplied by manufacturers.Results: The effectiveness of measles immunization was 87.5%. Statistical analysis proved thatassociation sero-negativity with clinical condition was insignificant (Chi square test, P value >0.05). Regarding the pre-vaccinated status 222 (92.5%) were found negative for anti-measlesantibodies and 18 (7.5%) were found to be with persistent maternal anti-measles antibodies.Conclusions: Measles immunization produces adequate immunological responses evenamong malnourished children however a second dose is necessary to increase the efficacy morethan 95%.

scholarly journals Narrowband Ultraviolet B Phototherapy versus Excimer Laser in the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeel Alsayed Mohamed ◽  
Nisha V Parmar ◽  
Amani Al Falasi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Excimer Laser ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Vitiligo is an acquired autoimmune disorder of depigmentation with a global prevalence of 1%. Phototherapy with Narrowband Ultraviolet B (NBUVB) light and excimer laser are both FDA approved treatments for vitiligo. Studies comparing the two modalities are few in patients with different skin colors. Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of NBUVB versus excimer laser in vitiligo in terms of re-pigmentation achieved during treatment and side effects. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of vitiligo patients attending the phototherapy unit from January 2016 to August 2018. Patient profiles including age, gender, site and extent of vitiligo, type of phototherapy treatment (NBUVB vs excimer laser), sessions per week, sessions required for onset of repigmentation, sites of repigmentation, and side effects were noted. Qualitative variables were analysed using Chi-square test. Quantitative variables were analysed using mean and Standard Deviation (SD). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 146 patients aged 4-70 years were included. Ninety-six patients received excimer laser and 50 patients were on NBUVB. Initial repigmentation occurred after a mean±SD of 28.91±16.61 sessions in the NBUVB group and 24.26±17.57 sessions in the excimer laser group. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.18). Repigmentation occurred faster on the face followed by the trunk in both groups. Side effects were higher with excimer laser compared to NBUVB (90.6% versus 76%) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.017). Side effects were, however, mild and did not warrant treatment discontinuation. Conclusion: Number of sessions required for onset of repigmentation was similar in both groups. Side effects, although more frequent with excimer laser, were mild and required dose reduction rather than discontinuation of treatment.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Clinical Profiles of Children Aged 0-71 Months Suffering from Acute Diarrhea at Kalembe-lembe Pediatric Hospital in Kinshasa City, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Clément M. Mbadiko ◽  
Gédéon N. Bongo ◽  
Gracia K. Mbuyi ◽  
Landry L. Kemfine ◽  
Tshiama R. Claudine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical and etiological profile of children aged 0-71 months suffering from acute diarrhea, admitted at the Kalembe-lembe Pediatric Hospital in 2015. Study Design: This study used a retrospective design whereby medical records of children aged 0-71 months were used. Place and Duration of Study: This survey was carried out at the Kalembe-lembe Pediatric           Hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo between January 1 and December 31, 2015. Methodology: This study used a questionnaire to collect information whereby 337 cases of acute diarrhea diagnosed at the Kalembe-lembe Pediatric Hospital were recorded, of which 324 cases were selected. The information was collected on a case-by-case basis by consulting the patient records. Data collected were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 10 while the association measures between different qualitative variables were evaluated using Chi-square test and the p-value was 0.05. Results: A predominance of cases (60.49%) was observed in children under 12 months and potentially in males (55.24%) while the majority of deaths was recorded in this same age group. The mean age of admitted children was 12.4 months and vomiting was the most reported symptom associated with diarrhea (75.61%), followed by hyperthermia (70.37%). Most of children emitted liquid stools (65.12%) and the average number of stools issued per day was 6 times with extremes ranging from 3-45 stools/day. However, we recorded high levels of identified etiologic agents in children with diarrhea compared to those reported in other countries. The identification of etiologic agents of diarrhea was performed only in 56.48% of cases. Rotaviruses, bacteria and parasites were found in 48.08%, 32.78% and 26.77% respectively. Conclusion: Further studies are needed to study the antibiotic resistance of these pathogens causing acute diarrhea and identify using molecular techniques new strains of bacteria precisely responsible for acute diarrhea and assess their epidemiological and clinical influence.

scholarly journals Screening for Microalbuminuria in Newly Detected Type 2Diabetes Mellitus Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 410-417
Author(s):  
Shruti Rao ◽  
Patil V C ◽  
Sanjay Thorat
Keyword(s):  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Urinary Glucose ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

  Microalbuminuria is a major risk factor for various renal and cardiovascular events. The need for early detection and treatment of patients at risk for microalbuminuria is important to limit the excess renal and cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, this study aimed to screen newly detected T2DM patients for the presence of microalbuminuria. A total of 120 patients diagnosed with T2DM were included in this prospective observational study. After collecting history, physical examination, and various biochemical investigations such as kidney function test, plasma blood sugars, lipid profile and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were conducted. The detection of microalbuminuria was done by Micral test. Data were analyzed by the Chi-square test for significance of qualitative variables. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Prevalence of microalbuminuria among T2DM patients was observed to be 40%. HbA1c levels of females showed a significant association (p=0.007). Patients with BMI>25 kg/m2 had a significant incidence of microalbuminuria (p<0.001). Urinary glucose was significantly higher (p=0.024) in 83.3% of patients with microalbuminuria. The mean fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were considerably higher in patients with microalbuminuria (p=0.004, p=0.002). Blood urea and serum creatinine levels, too, were noted to be slightly higher in patients with microalbuminuria (p=018, p=0.001). Prevalence of microalbuminuria was slightly less in newly diagnosed T2DM patients. Early diagnosis and management of microalbuminuria in asymptomatic individuals could help in preventing worsening in renal function and progression of overt diabetic nephropathy.

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