scholarly journals ROLE OF HIGH RESOLUTION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Sanjib Saha ◽  
Debasish Dakshit ◽  
Debarshi Jana
Keyword(s):  
Chest Radiography ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Radiation Induced

Background: Interstitial lung diseases are classified into those with known causes and with unknown causes. Those with known causes include Connective tissue disease associated ILD, Pneumoconiosis, Drug-induced, Smoking-related ILD, Radiation-induced and Toxic inhalation–induced ILD. Those with unknown causes include Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary lymph a goalie myomitosis and pulmonary alveolar protein sis. Amis: To utilize HRCT in evaluation of pulmonary interstitium in patients having clinical features of interstitial lung diseases. To compare the accuracies of chest radiography and HRCT in the prediction of specific diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. Material and methods: Hospital based observational study. CT section at Dept. Of Radio diagnosis, Medical College Kolkata (Philips brilliance 16 slice) and EKO diagnostics at Medical College, Kolkata. Dept. Of Radio diagnosis, Medical College, Kolkata. January 2018 to June 2019. Result: 2(4.0%) patients had ≤30 years of age, 9(18.0%) patients had 31-40 years of age, 15(30.0%) patients had 41-50 years of age, 18(36.0%) patients had 51-60 years of age, 3(6.0%) patients had 61-70 years of age and 3(6.0%) patients had >70 years of age. Conclusion: HRCT is the most accurate non-invasive imaging modality for evaluation of lung parenchyma in the cases of interstitial lung diseases. The cross sectional perspective and high spatial resolution makes HRCT superior to chest radiography.

scholarly journals High resolution computed tomography and chest radiography findings among interstitial lung disease patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Anusmriti Pal ◽  
Manoj Kumar Yadav ◽  
Chiranjibi Pant ◽  
Bishow Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Median Number ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a heterogeneous group of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, characterized by restrictive physiology, impaired gas exchange, pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Chest radiograph (CXR) may appear normal during initial course of the disease and may show few abnormalities. High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest is a most ac­curate non-invasive, high spatial resolution descriptive imaging modality for evaluation of lung parenchyma. It assesses presence, location, type and characterization of ILD in appropriate clinical setting. Our aim was to study radiological patterns and its distribution in CXR and HRCT chest of ILD patients. Methods: This was an observational, single centered, cross-sectional study conducted at author’s place over the period of 6 months starting from January 2018 using convenient sampling method. Data analysis was done using students t-test for comparison of means and chi-square test for proportions. Results: A total of 30 suspected or diagnosed patients of ILD were enrolled in our study and pat­terns found on CXR were correlated with that on HRCT chest. The number of findings in HRCT chest for a patient was significantly higher than CXR (Median number: 4 verses 2, P<0.001), commonest reticular opacity 50% in CXR and 56.6% HRCT. One subject had normal CXR. Conclusion: HRCT was superior to CXR in detection of all basic patterns and their distribution as­sociated with ILD as higher numbers of findings were detected by HRCT chest as compared to CXR. HRCT chest could characterize the abnormality and specify its location much more accurately.

scholarly journals HRCT Patterns of Drug-Induced Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Distefano ◽  
Luigi Fanzone ◽  
Monica Palermo ◽  
Francesco Tiralongo ◽  
Salvatore Cosentino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Toxicity ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Diffuse Alveolar Damage ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Hrct Patterns

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) represent a heterogeneous group of pathologies, which may be related to different causes. A low percentage of these lung diseases may be secondary to the administration of drugs or substances. Through the PubMed database, an extensive search was performed in the fields of drug toxicity and interstitial lung disease. We have evaluated the different classes of drugs associated with pulmonary toxicity. Several different high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) patterns related to pulmonary drug toxicity have been reported in literature, and the most frequent ILDs patterns reported include Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP), Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP), Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP), Organizing Pneumonia (OP), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Diffuse Alveolar Damage (DAD). Finally, from the electronic database of our Institute we have selected and commented on some cases of drug-induced lung diseases related to the administration of common drugs. As the imaging patterns are rarely specific, an accurate evaluation of the clinical history is required and a multidisciplinary approach—involving pneumologists, cardiologists, radiologists, pathologists, and rheumatologists—is recommended.

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7012
Author(s):  
Fernanda Hernandez-Gonzalez ◽  
Rosa Faner ◽  
Mauricio Rojas ◽  
Alvar Agustí ◽  
Manuel Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Age Related

Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.

scholarly journals The Role of Transthoracic Ultrasound in the Study of Interstitial Lung Diseases: High-Resolution Computed Tomography Versus Ultrasound Patterns: Our Preliminary Experience

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Angelamaria Giardinelli ◽  
Carla Maria Irene Quarato ◽  
Ennio Vincenzo Sassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Pleural Line ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Transthoracic Ultrasound

Transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) is a readily available imaging tool that can provide a quick real-time evaluation. The aim of this preliminary study was to establish a complementary role for this imaging method in the approach of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). TUS examination was performed in 43 consecutive patients with pulmonary fibrosis and TUS findings were compared with the corresponding high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans. All patients showed a thickened hyperechoic pleural line, despite no difference between dominant HRCT patterns (ground glass, honeycombing, mixed pattern) being recorded (p > 0.05). However, pleural lines’ thickening showed a significant difference between different HRCT degree of fibrosis (p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with functional parameters. The presence of >3 B-lines and subpleural nodules was also assessed in a large number of patients, although they did not demonstrate any particular association with a specific HRCT finding or fibrotic degree. Results allow us to suggest a complementary role for TUS in facilitating an early diagnosis of ILD or helping to detect a possible disease progression or eventual complications during routine clinical practice (with pleural line measurements and subpleural nodules), although HRCT remains the gold standard in the definition of ILD pattern, disease extent and follow-up.

When things go wrong: Exploring possible mechanisms driving the progressive fibrosis phenotype in interstitial lung diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 2004507
Author(s):  
Moisés Selman ◽  
Annie Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
The Past ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Different Types

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders of known and unknown etiology characterised by diffuse damage of the lung parenchyma. In the past years, it has become evident that patients with different types of ILD are at risk of developing progressive pulmonary fibrosis known as pulmonary fibrosing ILD (PF-ILD). This is a phenotype behaving similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the archetypical example of progressive fibrosis. PF-ILD is not a distinct clinical entity but describes a group of ILD with a similar clinical behavior. This phenotype may occur in diseases displaying distinct etiologies and different biopathology during their initiation and development. Importantly, these entities may have the potential for improvement or stabilisation prior to entering in the progressive fibrosing phase. The crucial questions are (1) why a subset of patients develops a progressive and irreversible fibrotic phenotype even with appropriate treatment, and (2) what the pathogenic mechanisms driving progression possibly are. We here provide a framework highlighting putative mechanisms underlying progression, including genetic susceptibility, aging, epigenetics, the structural fibrotic distortion, the aberrant composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix, and the emergence of distinct profibrotic cell subsets. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind PF-ILD will provide the basis for identifying risk factors and appropriate therapeutical strategies.

scholarly journals ILDGDB: a manually curated database of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and drug information for interstitial lung diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Li ◽  
Gangao Wu ◽  
Yu Shang ◽  
Yue Qi ◽  
Xue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Web Page ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Diffuse Lung Diseases ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Diffuse Lung

Abstract Background Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), a diverse group of diffuse lung diseases, mainly affect the lung parenchyma. The low-throughput ‘omics’ technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) and relative drug information have begun to reshaped our understanding of ILDs, whereas, these data are scattered among massive references and are difficult to be fully exploited. Therefore, we manually mined and summarized these data at a database (ILDGDB, http://ildgdb.org/) and will continue to update it in the future. Main body The current version of ILDGDB incorporates 2018 entries representing 20 ILDs and over 600 genes obtained from over 3000 articles in four species. Each entry contains detailed information, including species, disease type, detailed description of gene (e.g. official symbol of gene), and the original reference etc. ILDGDB is free, and provides a user-friendly web page. Users can easily search for genes of interest, view their expression pattern and detailed information, manage genes sets and submit novel ILDs-gene association. Conclusion The main principle behind ILDGDB’s design is to provide an exploratory platform, with minimum filtering and interpretation, while making the presentation of the data very accessible, which will provide great help for researchers to decipher gene mechanisms and improve the prevention, diagnosis and therapy of ILDs.

Interstitial lung disease

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Davey ◽  
Sherif Gonem ◽  
David Sprigings
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Broad Group ◽  
Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases ◽  
Parenchymal Lung

The interstitial lung diseases, also known as the diffuse or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, are a broad group of pulmonary disorders which mainly affect the lung parenchyma as opposed to the airways. By convention, infectious and malignant conditions are excluded from this definition. Thus, the interstitial lung diseases comprise a group of conditions characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis, centred on the lung interstitium and alveolar airspaces.

scholarly journals Factors associated with heart failure in patients with interstitial lung diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 814-819
Author(s):  
Elena I. Leonova ◽  
E. I. Shmelev ◽  
I. E. Stepanyan ◽  
E. F. Shergina ◽  
A. S. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lung Capacity

Introduction. Investigation of relationships between interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and development of heart failure would be useful for determining target therapy of heart failure (HF) among such patients. Aims.To study intracardiac hemodynamic and factors associated with its dysfunction among patients with ILD. 40 patients including: 34 with Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP) and 6 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods. Pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography, echocardiography, spirometry, diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), bodypletysmography, blood oxygen (PaO ) were estimated. Results. 55.9% of patients with HP and all patients with IPF had a «cor pulmonale» with diastolic disfunction (DD), and 40% of them also had systolic dysfunction of right ventricle (RV). DD of left ventricle (LV) of I type was found among 10% of patients. 20% of patients were diagnosed with high pulmonary pressure (PP). The basal diameter of right ventricle (BDRV) correlated with DLCO (r=-0,718, p=0,004), PaO (r=-0,690, p=0,006), lung fibrosis (LF) (r=0,602, p=0,002). Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) correlated with mitral E/E’ ratio, tricuspid E/E’ ratio, total lung capacity (TLC) and LF (r=-0,753, p=0,002). Parameters of DD of RV significantly correlated with BDRV, TLC, DLCO, LF. Mitral E/E’ ratio correlated with DLCO and LF. PP corresponded with DLCO, DD of LV, LF (r=0,536, p=0,03) Conclusions. Correlation of LF with parameters of heart failure makes it one of the targets for ILD therapy as well as HF associated with ILD.

scholarly journals High Resolution Computed Tomography Scan Assessment of Different Interstitial Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 1062-1067
Author(s):  
Mrinal Kanti Ghosh ◽  
Priyadarshini Sur ◽  
Mustafijur Rahaman ◽  
Soumitra Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Raman Sau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Tomography Scan
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