THE ROLE OF ULTRASOUND AND MRI IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN TUMOURS

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Nidhi Nair ◽  
Aruna Muthumanickam ◽  
Soorya K
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Radiologic Diagnosis ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Conventional Mri ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fth leading cause of cancer related death in the USA, and has the highest mortality rate due to late diagnosis. The most common modalities used in diagnoses are B-Mode USG, Conventional MRI and DW-MRI. This study aims to statistically analyze and compare the sensitivity, specicity and measurement of agreement for these modalities. From March 2019 to September 2020, 103 pat Method: ients with ovarian masses underwent radiodiagnostic testing with USG and MRI, and subsequently 85 patients underwent surgery and the gold standard histopathological examination. The radiologic diagnosis was correlated with the histopathologic diagnosis for these patients and the sensitivities, specicities and area under the ROC curve were calculated. The Results: area under ROC curve increased in the following order: B- Mode USG < B-Mode USG & Doppler combined < conventional MRI < DW-MRI. The measurement of agreement Kappa increased in the following order: B- Mode USG < B-Mode USG & Doppler combined < conventional MRI < DW-MRI. The study showed that addition of Doppler to B-Mode USG reduced its sensitivity and NPV. Both USG and conventional MRI were found to have comparable sensitivities. While DW-MRI is superior t Conclusion: o other modalities in its high specicity in diagnosing ovarian tumors, USG has equal sensitivity and can be used for initial presumptive diagnosis in patients with suspected ovarian malignancies.

scholarly journals The Role of Exhaled Hydrogen Sulfide in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Adenoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Yuzhen Tseng ◽  
Huilu Zhang ◽  
Jian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Area Under Roc Curve ◽  
Auc Value

Purpose. Exhaled determination can detect metabolite hydrogen sulfide in the intestine. We aim to analyze the predictive value of hydrogen sulfide in the diagnosis of colorectal adenoma. Methods. We recruited seventy patients diagnosed with colorectal adenoma as the observation group and sixty-six healthy subjects as the control group. The colorectal adenoma was diagnosed by colonoscopy at the Endoscopy Center of Huashan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University from June 2018 to November 2019. Exhaled gas was collected through the nose and mouth, respectively, and hydrogen sulfide in exhaled gas was determined according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed based on the exhaled data of the observation group and the control group. The ROC curve showed an area under ROC curve (AUC) 0.724 for nasal exhaled H2S, which had a diagnostic value. When nasal exhaled H2S was >13.3 part per billion (ppb), the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 57% and 78%, respectively. The exhaled H2S of the observation group was significantly different from that of the control group. The AUC value was 0.716 as a prognostic factor of colorectal adenoma. As exhaled H2S was >28.8 ppb, the sensitivity and the specificity of predicting colorectal adenoma were 63% and 77%, respectively. Conclusion. Exhaled and nasal H2S determination has a predictive value for colorectal adenoma as a novel and noninvasive method. Therefore, it is worth conducting more research to analyze exhaled and nasal H2S.

EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN CATTLE LEUKEMIA

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
D. A. Lozovoy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Negative Order ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
National Programs

  Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been known for more than a century and a half. Its occurrence and registration may have historically been associated with intensive breeding of dairy cattle in Western Europe to increase target productivity. It is known that any limiting intervention in the nature of the animal organism is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and unpredictable change in the genotype of a wider range than the required, particularly negative order. In particular, a decrease in the resistance to macroorganisms and the possibility of the new diseases emergence, including infectious ones (for example, immunodeficiencies such as BLAD syndrome of black-motley cattle and stress syndrome in pigs, the occurrence of scrapie and other slow sheep infections). In the last two decades of the last century, in many disadvantaged countries, primarily Western European, national programs for the eradication of EBL have been developed and subsequently successfully implemented. First of all the motivation was the economy of dairy cattle breeding (mainly the extension of productive age, as well as the tightening of requirements in international trade in cattle and bull products, breeding, pricing, etc.). In an analytical article are reviewed the elements of epizootology of EBL in the foreign countries with special attention to the situation in the USA, scenarios of various control programs, and promising methods for assessing the role of infected animals in the epizootic process. A critical assessment of the problem of EBL in the Russian Federation is given, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of against leucosis measures are discussed.

The Lattimore case

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Witch Hunt

Edith’s career and collaboration with Fritz Machlup at Johns Hopkins University flourished and she began work on the growth of the firm, and studied the Hercules Powder Company. As Cold War tensions increased during the 1950s she and Penrose became involved in the defence of their friend and colleague Owen Lattimore who was named as the top Soviet spy by Senator McCarthy. The chapter covers the persecution of Lattimore, his trials, the role of Judge Luther Youngdahl, and the operation of his defence fund. Other friends of E. F. Penrose became victims of the anti-communist ‘witch hunt’, he grew increasingly disillusioned with the USA, and determined he must leave. In 1953 Edith and Penrose testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. They were also investigated by the FBI. After five years the case against Lattimore was dropped. Edith’s father died and her brother Harvey was killed in an air accident.

scholarly journals Manipulation of Quercetin and Melatonin in the Down-Regulation of HIF-1α, HSP-70 and VEGF Pathways in Rat’s Kidneys Induced by Hypoxic Stress

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582094979
Author(s):  
Aliah R. Alshanwani ◽  
Sameerah Shaheen ◽  
Laila M. Faddah ◽  
Ahlam M. Alhusaini ◽  
Hanaa M. Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Hypoxia may lead to inflammatory responses by numerous signaling pathways. This investigation intended to inspect the defensive role of Quercetin (Quer) and/ or Melatonin (Mel) against reno toxicity induced by Sodium nitrite (Sod ntr). Sod ntr injection significantly decreased blood hemoglobin concentration (Hb) with a concurrent increase in serum tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, creatinine, and urea levels. Over protein-expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and heat shock, protein-70 and mRNA of HIF-1α were also observed. Pretreatment of the Sod ntr- injected rats with the aforementioned antioxidants; either alone or together significantly improved such parameters. Histopathological examination reinforced the previous results. It was concluded that the combined administration of Quer and Mel may be useful as a potential therapy against renal injury induced by Sod ntr. HIF-1α and HSP-70 are implicated in the induction of hypoxia and its treatment.

scholarly journals Role of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Orbital Masses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Mundhada ◽  
Sudarshan Rawat ◽  
Ullas Acharya ◽  
Dhananjay Raje
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orbital Masses ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Orbital Lesions

Abstract Aim To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Materials and Methods After obtaining institutional ethical board approval and informed consent from all patients, an observational study was done for a period of 24 months in the radiology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI using a 3T scanner was done for all patients with suspected orbital mass lesion. ADC value and clinicohistopathological correlation were studied for every patient. Chi-square test was used to compare the signal characteristics of DWI and ADC maps between benign and malignant lesions. A comparison of mean ADC values for benign and malignant masses was performed using Student’s t-test for independent samples. The cut-off value for ADC was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of 44 patients with orbital lesions, 70% were benign and 30% were malignant. There was a significant difference in the mean ADC values of benign and malignant orbital masses. Using ROC curve analysis, an optimal ADC threshold of 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s was calculated for the prediction of malignancy with 100% sensitivity, 80.65% specificity, and 86.36% accuracy (95% confidence interval: 0.872, 1.00, p < 0.0001). Two ADC thresholds were used to characterize the orbital masses with more than 90% confidence. Conclusion Quantitative assessment of ADC is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Malignant orbital lesions demonstrate significantly lower ADC values as compared with benign lesions.

Social Development and Police Reform: Some Reflections on the Concept and Purpose of Policing and the Implications for Reform in the UK and USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Williams ◽  
Craig Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Police Reform ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Common Understanding

Abstract The increase in calls for police reform following the death of George Floyd has led to renewed debate about social inequality and the role of policing in society. Modern bureaucratic police systems emerged from locally administered structures and Anglo-American policing models continue to be aligned, to varying degrees, with the political, socio-cultural, legal, and ideological aspects of contemporary liberal democratic society with its emphasis on democratic localism and decentralised accountability. However, at a time when society is reimagining itself and technology, government, and nations are radically re-shaping themselves, a critical question is whether there is a sufficiently common philosophical and conceptual understanding of policing to support its development rather than just a common understanding of police functions. This is profoundly important when considering the current calls for reform of policing in the USA and other western democratic states. The article argues that there is an urgent need to reconsider how we conceptualize policing and its relationship with social development.

scholarly journals The distribution of wealth in Spain and the USA: the role of socioeconomic factors

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Salas-Rojo ◽  
Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Value Decomposition ◽  
Counterfactual Decomposition ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThe literature has typically found that the distribution of socioeconomic factors like education, labor status and income does not account for the remarkable wealth inequality disparities between countries. As a result, their different institutions and other latent factors receive all the credit. Here, we propose to focus on one type of wealth inequality, the inequality of opportunities (IOp) in wealth: the share of overall wealth inequality explained by circumstances like inheritances and parental education. By means of a counterfactual decomposition method, we find that imposing the distribution of socioeconomic factors of the USA into Spain has little effect on total, financial and real estate wealth inequality. On the contrary, these factors play an important role when wealth IOp is considered. A Shapley value decomposition shows that the distribution of education and labor status in the USA consistently increase wealth IOp when imposed into Spain, whereas the opposite effect is found for the distribution of income.

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