OMNIGEN KIT ACCURACY FOR PLASMODIUM FALCIPARU

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-159
Author(s):  
Souléye lélo ◽  
Magatte Ndiaye ◽  
Khadim Sylla ◽  
Doudou Sow ◽  
Cheikh Binetou Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Presumptive Treatment ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Blood Spot

Malaria is a serious public health burden in Senegal. Accurate diagnosis is essential to avoided unnecessary presumptive treatment. Malaria diagnosis currently relies on identifying malaria parasite using microscopy and detecting soluble parasite antigens by Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT). These techniques do not detect low-level, sub-patent malaria infections and are inherently hazardous and invasive. To overcome these obstacles, alternatives diagnostics method were explored. In contrast to blood, saliva presents a reduced biohazard and can be painlessly collected in relatively large quantities by individuals with moderate training. The objective of this study was to use saliva collected in OmnIGEN Kits as an alternative sample for malaria detection. Methods: A total of 77 febril patients tested malaria positive by mRDT were enrolled in this study. From each patient, blood sample was collected for dried blood spot and blood smear; and saliva sample on OMNIGEN kit. Parasite density was determined from smear and Plasmodium falciparum DNA was extracted from both dried blood spot and saliva samples collected from the same patients. Extracted DNA was amplied by qPCR machine. Results: Malaria prevalence using qPCR was 98,7% and 60% respectively with blood and saliva. Compared to blood, saliva showed a sensitivity; specicity; positive predictive value of 60%; 100 %; and 100 %. The concordance between parasites detection from saliva and blood was (p = 0.45). In addition, no difference was found between these two methods and the microscopy counting. Conclusions:Saliva could be a non-invasive alternative method for P. falciparum detection and epidemiological surveillance in country with limited ressources.

scholarly journals Applicability of Oral Fluid and Dried Blood Spot for Hepatitis B Virus Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Melo Villar ◽  
Cristianne Sousa Bezerra ◽  
Helena Medina Cruz ◽  
Moyra Machado Portilho ◽  
Geane Lopes Flores
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Virus Diagnosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Blood Spot

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease worldwide; however most of individuals are not aware about the infection. Oral fluid and dried blood spot (DBS) samples may be an alternative to serum to HBV diagnosis to increase the access to diagnosis in remote areas or high-risk groups. The main objective of this review is to give an insight about the usefulness of oral fluid and DBS for detecting HBV markers. Several groups have evaluated the detection of HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs markers in oral fluid and DBS samples demonstrating 13 to 100% of sensitivity and specificity according different groups, sample collectors, and diagnosis assays. In the same way, HBV DNA detection using oral fluid and DBS samples demonstrate different values of sensitivity according type of collection, studied group, extraction, and detection methods. Thus, serological and molecular diagnostic tests demonstrated good performance for detecting HBV using oral fluid and DBS according some characteristics and could be useful to increase the access to the diagnosis of HBV.

scholarly journals Determining The Potential Value Of Salivary Plasmodium Falciparum Hisditine-Rich Protein 2 And Lactate Dehydrogenase As A Non-Invasive Test For Malaria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS Opoku AGYAPONG ◽  
Daniel Ansong ◽  
Alex Owusu-Ofori ◽  
Ruby Martin-Peprah ◽  
Millicent Opoku
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Test ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Objective: Light microscopy which is a blood-based test is the Gold standard for malaria diagnosis in the clinical settings. The low sensitivity of Microscopy coupled with the challenges associated with blood sampling necessitates exploring alternative methods of identifying malaria cases. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase (pLDH) and Plasmodium falciparum Histidine-Rich Protein 2 (PfHRP2) in the saliva of suspected malaria patients and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of these saliva-borne biomarkers with the results of blood film microscopy using Nested PCR as the reference test. Results: Malaria prevalence rates of 51 (27.13%), 80(42.55%), 117 (62.23%) and 95 (50.53%) were detected by the Microscopy, saliva pLDH, saliva PfHRP2 and the PCR respectively. The sensitivity of the saliva PfHRP2 ELISA, 78.95% (95% CI, 69.38-86.64%) and saliva pLDH ELISA, 64.21% (95% CI 53.72 -73.79) was better than the blood film Microscopy and showed moderate agreement with results of the Nested PCR with Kappa co-efficient of 0.5 and 0.44 respectively.

scholarly journals Fabry Cardiomyopathy: Current Practice and Future Directions

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1532
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Yim ◽  
Olivia Yau ◽  
Darwin F. Yeung ◽  
Teresa S. M. Tsang
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Enzyme Replacement ◽  
Blood Spot

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the galactosidase A (GLA) gene that result in deficient galactosidase A enzyme and subsequent accumulation of glycosphingolipids throughout the body. The result is a multi-system disorder characterized by cutaneous, corneal, cardiac, renal, and neurological manifestations. Increased left ventricular wall thickness represents the predominant cardiac manifestation of FD. As the disease progresses, patients may develop arrhythmias, advanced conduction abnormalities, and heart failure. Cardiac biomarkers, point-of-care dried blood spot testing, and advanced imaging modalities including echocardiography with strain imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T1 mapping now allow us to detect Fabry cardiomyopathy much more effectively than in the past. While enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) has been the mainstay of treatment, several promising therapies are now in development, making early diagnosis of FD even more crucial. Ongoing initiatives involving artificial intelligence (AI)-empowered interpretation of echocardiographic images, point-of-care dried blood spot testing in the echocardiography laboratory, and widespread dissemination of point-of-care ultrasound devices to community practices to promote screening may lead to more timely diagnosis of FD. Fabry disease should no longer be considered a rare, untreatable disease, but one that can be effectively identified and treated at an early stage before the development of irreversible end-organ damage.

scholarly journals Use of dried blood spot samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection using the Roche Elecsys ® high throughput immunoassay

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 104739
Author(s):  
Ranya Mulchandani ◽  
Ben Brown ◽  
Tim Brooks ◽  
Amanda Semper ◽  
Nicholas Machin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Blood Spot

scholarly journals A surrogate virus neutralization test to quantify antibody-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in finger stick dried blood spot samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. Sancilio ◽  
Richard T. D’Aquila ◽  
Elizabeth M. McNally ◽  
Matthew P. Velez ◽  
Michael G. Ison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Dilution Series ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Blood Spot

AbstractThe spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 engages the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter host cells, and neutralizing antibodies are effective at blocking this interaction to prevent infection. Widespread application of this important marker of protective immunity is limited by logistical and technical challenges associated with live virus methods and venous blood collection. To address this gap, we validated an immunoassay-based method for quantifying neutralization of the spike-ACE2 interaction in a single drop of capillary whole blood, collected on filter paper as a dried blood spot (DBS) sample. Samples are eluted overnight and incubated in the presence of spike antigen and ACE2 in a 96-well solid phase plate. Competitive immunoassay with electrochemiluminescent label is used to quantify neutralizing activity. The following measures of assay performance were evaluated: dilution series of confirmed positive and negative samples, agreement with results from matched DBS-serum samples, analysis of results from DBS samples with known COVID-19 status, and precision (intra-assay percent coefficient of variation; %CV) and reliability (inter-assay; %CV). Dilution series produced the expected pattern of dose–response. Agreement between results from serum and DBS samples was high, with concordance correlation = 0.991. Analysis of three control samples across the measurement range indicated acceptable levels of precision and reliability. Median % surrogate neutralization was 46.9 for PCR confirmed convalescent COVID-19 samples and 0.1 for negative samples. Large-scale testing is important for quantifying neutralizing antibodies that can provide protection against COVID-19 in order to estimate the level of immunity in the general population. DBS provides a minimally-invasive, low cost alternative to venous blood collection, and this scalable immunoassay-based method for quantifying inhibition of the spike-ACE2 interaction can be used as a surrogate for virus-based assays to expand testing across a wide range of settings and populations.

Agreement of dried blood spot lyso-Gb3 concentrations obtained from different laboratories in patients with Fabry disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. e275-e278
Author(s):  
Constantin Gatterer ◽  
Martina Gaggl ◽  
Gerald Mundigler ◽  
Paulus Rommer ◽  
Senta Graf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fabry Disease ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Blood Spot

scholarly journals Adapting to telemedicine in the COVID-19 era: Feasibility of dried blood spot testing for hemoglobin A1c

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Alissa J. Roberts ◽  
Faisal Malik ◽  
Catherine Pihoker ◽  
Jane A. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Blood Spot

Dried Blood Spot Analysis of Donepezil in Support of a GLP 3-month Dose-Range Finding Study in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Meier-Davis ◽  
Min Meng ◽  
Weiwei Yuan ◽  
Lisa Diehl ◽  
Fatima M. Arjmand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Range ◽  
Systemic Exposure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Dried Blood Spot ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Carcinogenicity Study ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Donepezil Hydrochloride ◽  
Blood Spot

Donepezil hydrochloride is a reversible acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor approved for Alzheimer disease treatment. As an alternate therapy, a donepezil hydrochloride transdermal patch is in development. Recommended nonclinical safety studies include a 3-month Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) dose-range finding (DRF) study prior to conducting the 2-year dermal carcinogenicity study in rats. Demonstration of systemic exposure is necessary to interpret the in vivo data. Previous nonclinical reports supporting oral dosing have utilized liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to quantify donepezil concentrations in plasma. Smaller species with limited blood volumes do not allow serial sampling to derive the full pharmacokinetic profile from a single animal. Therefore, the option of another analytical method requiring decreased sample volumes is desirable as it would decrease the required number of animals while obtaining the complete profile. The dried blood spot (DBS) technique allows drug level measurement from a few microliters; however, the method is still not widely utilized in GLP studies. Because donepezil plasma levels are known by the oral route, DBS was used to bridge the previous oral data and to support a 13-week GLP DRF study for repeated topical application in rats, comparing oral administration with 4 topical formulations. The DBS method was validated and demonstrated robustness and reproducibility for application to the DRF study. The assay results were comparable to a previously reported plasma LC/MS/MS assay-derived pharmacokinetic profile and provided justification for selection of the topical formulation and dose levels for the subsequent dermal carcinogenicity study.

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