scholarly journals ORIGIN OF THE TERM "SATIRE" IN FICTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-51
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Mikhail Zoshchenko ◽  
Historical Comparative

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the history of the origin of the term satire types of satire, definitions of the term satire in encyclopedias and scientific dictionaries. Representatives of satire in Russian, English and Uzbek literature are also mentioned. The article also includes opinions of famous scholars on satire, as well as their translation into Uzbek. The genre of satire has evolved since ancient times and covered almost all types of fiction. The satirist writers exposed the social events of the period in which they lived with humor and satire. They put the final conclusion on their works to readers themselves. Satirical works delight readers, they are immortal. In ancient Roman literature, Quintus Horace Flaccus, Detsim Junior Juvenile, Menippus Gadarsky elevated satire, while in English literature Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, in American literature Mark Twain left a deep imprint in the hearts of readers with their works. In Russian literature, the works of Nikolai Gogol, Mikhail Saltikov-Shchedrin, Mikhail Zoshchenko further flourished the genre of satire. In Uzbek literature, the first examples of satire appeared in folklore, and later flourished in written literature. In the genre of satire, our ancestors Alisher Navoi, Turdi, Makhmur, Gulkhani, Haziq, Muqimi, Zavkiy created. Hamza Hakimzoda Niyazi, Abdulla Kodiri, Ghazi Yunus, Sofizoda, Gafrur Gulam, Abdulla Kahhor, Said Ahmad, Nemat Aminov, Sadulla Siyoev also contributed the further development of satire. The purpose of the article is to analyze the status of satire as a genre, the system of artistic interpretation of satirical works, the specific artistic expression of the moral and philosophical worldview and the stages of formation and development of this genre, its dynamics and its new forms, comparative-historical, comparative-typological analysis. Theoretical methods were used: comparative analysis, synthesis, comparative induction, deduction, and comparative-historical analysis. In results the genesis of the satire genre, the historical, theoretical and poetic foundations of the satire genre and the stages of its formation were established. The most common types of satire were analyzed. Conclusion 1. The folklore roots of satire and the peculiarities of satirical images in oral folklore have been identified. 2. The problem of the genesis of the genre of satire was considered on the basis of world artistic-philosophical, socio-cultural thinking. 3. The problem of the genre of satire is covered in the comparative literary aspect. 4. The peculiarities of the classification and types of the genre of satire were determined.

A Historical Comparative Analysis of European and Asian Interior Spaces Through Cultural Background

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Dilara Tüfekçioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Social Events ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Historical Comparative

Interior design came into existence with the need for housing, and has been developed with respect to several needs. After a certain point of time, the development process led to mulitple branches. Different lifestyles of different communities living in different geographies and cultural differentiation have caused variation in interior design. Throughout the history, culture, by means of its elements, creates different lifestyles in the same period of time, and influences the formation of interiors. The aim of this study is to explore cultural values that play an important role in the process of interior designing, to shape our daily lives and, thus, to assess how they influence interior designs. The study mainly focuses on cultural differences in Asian and European societies, which makes us . understand the similarities and differences of interior design principles. The information obtained by the historical analysis was synthesised, classified and finally interpreted. In conclusion, both in western and far eastern cultures, many elements such as climate, human values, religion, thinking, trade, class distinction, type of management, personal interests, social events, industrial and technological developments were found to have influence on the lifestyle with regard to interior design. Keywords: Culture, European culture, Asian culture, life styles, volume design, dwellings, architecture-interior architecturespace.

The Portuguese Astronomer Melo e Simas (1870–1934): Republican Ideals and Popularization of Science

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Simões ◽  
Luís Miguel Carolino
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Popularization Of Science ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
Scientific Ethos

ArgumentThis paper analyses a process of co-construction of knowledge and its multiple forms of communication in a country of the European periphery in the early twentieth century. It focuses on Lieutenant Manuel Soares de Melo e Simas, a politically engaged Portuguese astronomer, who moved from amateur to professional during the political transition from the monarchy to the republic. Melo e Simas paralleled his professional career in continuous activity of communicating science to the public in the context of republicanism in a double way, by responding to the agenda of republicanism and by playing an active role in shaping it. He aimed at educating lay audiences in the various ways of astronomy, and he reached out to as many people as possible by exploring a multitude of communication channels, from lectures to articles in newspapers and journals. Voiced often within newly created republican institutions, the praxis and the ideas of Melo e Simas helped to mold the new republican scientific ethos. By going beyond mere emphasis on scientism and positivism, usually taken to be the defining characteristics of the new republican ethos, this paper argues that science and the specificities of its multiple forms of communication were central to the way Melo e Simas shaped the republican ideology. Furthermore, popularization of science was used to legitimize the status of professional scientists at the same time that it helped reinforce their institutional setting, still to be negotiated in the forthcoming decades through a complex process which deserves further historical analysis.

The Labour of Laziness in Twentieth-Century American Literature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Ladyga
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
American Literature ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
Value System ◽  
John Barth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Twentieth Century American Literature ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Historical Moment

The Labour of Laziness in Twentieth-Century American Literature focuses on the issue of productivity, using the figure of laziness to negotiate the relation between the ethical and the aesthetic. This book argues that major twentieth-century American writers such as Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, John Barth, Donald Barthelme and David Foster Wallace provocatively challenge the ethos of productivity by filtering their ethical interventions through culturally stigmatised imagery of laziness. Ladyga argues that when the motif of laziness appears, it invariably reveals the underpinnings of an emerging value system at a given historical moment, while at the same time offering a glimpse into the strategies of rebelling against the status quo

ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF MAQAM OF FAQR AND IMAGE OF FAQIR IN THE WORKS OF ALISHER NAVOI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Alisher Razzokov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Artistic Interpretation ◽  
Mystical Literature

This article examines the artistic interpretations of the status and images of poverty in mystical teaching in the works of Alisher Navoi. The author of the article has first studied the definitions of the status of poverty in Islamic history, the latest mystical teachings, and other areas of thought and opinion. The history and definitions of the word «Faqr» were written by the first authors of mysticism, such as Abu Nasr Sarraj, Abu Talib Makki, Shahabuddin Suhrawardi and Ali ibn Usman Hujviri, as well as from the representatives of the Naqshbandi sect belongs to Alisher Navoi, Khoja Bahauddin Naqshband. In addition, special encyclopedic dictionaries of authors such as Sayyid Ja'far Sajjadi, Abdulboki Hiylaman, Aliakbar Dehhudo and Sulaymon Uludagh were used. Then attention is paid to the various interpretations of poverty in mystical literature. Alisher Navoi's own works were mostly used for comparative interpretations in fiction. Navoi's lyrical works were selected as the main object of analysis, and the ideas in the works of friends and prose before him were involved in a comparative analysis. Navoi's views on the reality of his work are surrounded by artistic interpretations of images such as the poor, the gado, the dervish, which they embody. At the end of the article summaries are made

Schizoecologic Cartographies

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-124
Author(s):  
Hanjo Berressem
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Meta Model ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Ecological Parameters ◽  
Striated Space

The chapter first defines the status of the diagram that underlies Schizoanalytic Cartographies as a formal diagram of an informal world. As such, it is itself a figure of the various complementarities that are defined within it. Using foldings of the diagram to organize the text, the chapter subsequently provides an in-depth analysis of the relations between and the superpositions of its four functors: Flows, Phyla, Territories and Universes. Next, it presents the diagram’s inherently ecological parameters. By way of tracing the vectors between its various positions, it defines the diagram as a meta-model of the expressive relation between the world and its creatures. After showing Guattari’s recalibration of the distinction between smooth and striated space, it exemplifies the notion of an expressive ecology in four sections that perform the squaring of concepts (chlorophyll), of the unconscious (Lacan), of aesthetics (Balthus) and of media studies (the analog and digital divide).

scholarly journals Gears Galore!

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (04) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
A Company ◽  
Bypass Ratio

This paper presents a review of gas turbines and Honeywell, a company based in Phoenix, history. The article through the review and historical analysis intends to provide perspective on the status of geared fan engines. The addition of a fan to a jet engine, first proposed by Frank Whittle, one of the inventors of the jet engine, increases thrust and reduces fuel consumption. Pratt & Whitney and Rolls Royce were the first to develop a dual spool engine for more efficient operation over a range of flight conditions. Work started on the geared fan TFE731 at the Garrett AiResearch Phoenix Division in 1968. The TFE731 gearbox resulted in a gear reduction of 1.8:1, to power the fan for a 2.5 bypass ratio, which was very high for the 1960s. Honeywell also has another geared turbofan engine, the ALF502. It was developed by AVCO Lycoming in Stratford, Connecticut, and has a 6000–7000 lbt thrust range. Honeywell’s successful 45-year record of producing geared fan small gas turbines gives promise of a bright future for geared fans on large commercial jet engines, providing lower fuel consumption and less noise.

The role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Hartt ◽  
Albert J. Mills ◽  
Jean Helms Mills
Keyword(s):  
New Deal ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The New Deal

Purpose This paper aims to study the role of non-corporeal Actant theory in historical research through a case study of the trajectory of the New Deal as one of the foremost institutions in the USA since its inception in the early 1930s. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow the trajectory of the New Deal through a focus on Vice President Henry A. Wallace. Drawing on ANTi-History, the authors view history as a powerful discourse for organizing understandings of the past and non-corporeal Actants as a key influence on making sense of (past) events. Findings The authors conclude that non-corporeal Actants influence the shaping of management and organization studies that serve paradoxically to obfuscate history and its relationship to the past. Research limitations/implications The authors drew on a series of published studies of Henry Wallace and archival material in the Roosevelt Library, but the study would benefit from an in-depth analysis of the Wallace archives. Practical implications The authors reveal the influences of non-corporeal Actants as a method for dealing with the past. The authors do this through the use of ANTi-History as a method of historical analysis. Social implications The past is an important source of understanding of the present and future; this innovative approach increases the potential to understand. Originality/value Decisions are often black boxes. Non-Corporeal Actants are a new tool with which to see the underlying inputs of choice.

Social Science and Health Policy in Preindustrial Society

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Rational Solutions ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
Preindustrial Society ◽  
The One ◽  
The Third World

In spite of unfortunate legacies from colonial days, social scientists in the health field in the Third World could make an important contribution by examining why “rational solutions” are not applied to the multitude of problems that exist. This would require an historical analysis of the status and roles of health personnel, and a recognition of the contradictions between the interests of the metropolitan countries and the urban elites of the Third World, on the one hand, and the rural masses on the other. The principles guiding the health services of the People's Republic of China have led to very different and apparently more appropriate services, but it seems unlikely that these will be applied elsewhere under present circumstances.

Nationalistic appeals and consumer boycotts in China, 1900-1949

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-524
Author(s):  
Tony Yan ◽  
Michael R. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
National Brands ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Consumer Boycotts ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Foreign Brands

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how nationalistic appeals may affect consumers’ perception and purchasing of targeted brands. Qualitative historical data from old China (1900–1949) reveal that social movement groups can adopt nationalistic appeals assisted by meaning framing – defined as a creative interpretation of symbols, designs, behaviors, social events and cultural identities to serve social and political goals – to shape consumers’ attitudes toward foreign brands. After examining the mechanisms and processes underlying consumer boycotts from 1900 to 1949, the responsive strategies of affected foreign companies are illustrated. Design/methodology/approach Critical historical research method is applied to historical data and historical “traces” from China’s corporate documents, memoirs, posters, advertisements, newspapers and secondhand sources documenting Chinese boycotts from 1900 to 1949. Findings Consumers may pursue interests beyond economic interests. Nationalistic appeals can mobilize consumer boycotts against foreign brands that were perceived to support or relate to targeted countries. Political framing of certain events shapes consumers’ perceptions and concomitant brand choices. Research limitations/implications Although differences between historical and current contexts may require tailoring past marketing strategies to current conditions, past strategies can inform current and future strategies. Practical implications Strategies adopted by foreign companies in old China (1900–1949) can help contemporary companies design effective marketing strategies for a hostile marketplace infused with nationalistic appeals and competing interests. Social implications Although local companies can adopt economic or political nationalism to realize their economic goals, it represents a double-edged sword that can harm national brands. Originality/value A historical analysis of nationalistic business appeals in pre-1949 China can inform the counterstrategies modern companies adopt to overcome consumer boycotts.

14 The Complex Relationship Between Administrative and Constitutional Law: A Comparative and Historical Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heuschling Luc
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter analyses the position of ‘administrative law’ vis-à-vis ‘constitutional law’, and vice versa, from a comparative and historical perspective. Its primary aim is to get an exact view of how far the national legal systems in Europe converge, or diverge, with respect to the relationship between constitutional and administrative law. However, pleading the thesis of an Ius commune Europaeum (i.e., the existence of a common legal view in Europe) requires an in-depth analysis of all European countries, without excluding individual cases that do not fit into the mainstream (particularly the United Kingdom and Sweden). Only then can any thesis of unity amongst diversity be truly persuasive. In addition, the secondary aim of this chapter's investigation is to get a better theoretical understanding of administrative law in general.

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