scholarly journals Neuropathic Pain in Acute and Subacute Neuropathies: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (21;1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artemios K. Artemiadis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Somatosensory Nervous System

Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common symptom caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory nervous system. Acute/subacute peripheral neuropathies (APN) are rare, however can be particularly painful. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate the incidence of NP in APN and overview the various etiologies of such neuropathies. Study Design: Systematic review. Setting: Medline search. Methods: We hand-searched Medline for observational studies published between 1995 and 2017. Results: Our search strategy identified 1,400 papers. Of these, 70 met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Out of a total of 2,341 patients, 1,139 patients were diagnosed with NP (pooled incidence of NP 48.7%). In Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the commonest cause of APN, the pooled estimate of NP was 34.8%. Other causes of painful APN include immunemediated, vasculitic, metabolic, nutritional, toxic, paraneoplastic, and infectious. Limitations: An important limitation was that GBS accounted for the majority of patients with APN, as such the calculated incidence reflected mainly this disease entity. Another important limitation was that very few studies targeted primarily NP. Thus, it is highly likely that observational studies reporting NP were missed. Finally there could always be a publication bias due to underreporting and gray literature. Conclusions: NP is a cardinal manifestation of APN. The use of validated diagnostic tools and accepted diagnostic criteria of NP is recommended for both clinical and research purposes. Key words: Neuropathic, pain, acute, subacute, neuropathy, polyneuropathy, frequency, incidence

scholarly journals Distress with Breathing in People with Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Quast ◽  
Marie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
High Prevalence

While the prevalence of shortness of breath has been reported to be as frequent as pain in people with lung cancer, less attention has been paid to the distress associated with this symptom (dyspnea). This systematic review of the literature was undertaken to investigate how this symptom has been assessed and whether breathlessness in people with lung cancer is distressing. Using a pre-determined search strategy and inclusion criteria, thirty-one primary studies were identified and included in this review. A variety of outcome measures have been used to assess the experience of dyspnea with domains including intensity, distress, quality of life, qualitative sensation and prevalence. The distress associated with breathlessness appears to be variable, with some studies reporting it to be the most distressing sensation, while others report lower levels of distress. Overall the studies reflect a high prevalence of dyspnea in lung cancer patients, with subjects experiencing a moderate level of dyspnea intensity and interference with activities of daily living. Overall, the findings of this review indicate that dyspnea was a common symptom experienced by people with lung cancer with varying degrees of intensity and unpleasantness. Thus, if dyspnea and pain are both distressing sensations for people with lung cancer, this has potential implications for both clinical and academic areas, with regards to both management strategies and further research.

scholarly journals Readiness of Sub-Saharan Africa Healthcare Systems for the New Pandemic, Diabetes: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer ◽  
Linda E. Kupfer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background. Effective health systems are needed to care for the coming surge of diabetics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Objective. We conducted a systematic review of literature to determine the capacity of SSA health systems to manage diabetes. Methodology. We used three different databases (Embase, Scopus, and PubMed) to search for studies, published from 2004 to 2017, on diabetes care in SSA. Results. Fifty-five articles met the inclusion criteria, covering the different aspects related to diabetes care such as availability of drugs and diagnostic tools, the capacity of healthcare workers, and the integration of diabetes care into HIV and TB platforms. Conclusion. Although chronic care health systems in SSA have developed significantly in the last decade, the capacity for managing diabetes remains in its infancy. We identified pilot projects to enhance these capacities. The scale-up of these pilot interventions and the integration of diabetes care into existing robust chronic disease platforms may be a feasible approach to begin to tackle the upcoming pandemic in diabetes. Nonetheless, much more work needs to be done to address the health system-wide deficiencies in diabetes care. More research is also needed to determine how to integrate diabetes care into the healthcare system in SSA.

Pharmacological Management of Psychiatric Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Buoli ◽  
Marta Serati ◽  
Alice Caldiroli ◽  
Daniela Galimberti ◽  
Elio Scarpini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Management

Psychiatric symptoms in patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are highly prevalent and may complicate clinical management of these patients. Purpose of the present article is to present and discuss available data about the pharmacological treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with FTD. A research in the main database sources has been conducted to obtain an overview of the pharmacological management of psychiatric symptoms in patients with FTD. The search strategy included the following terms—“FTD and psychiatry,” “FTD and behavioural disturbances,” and “FTD and treatment”. Pathophysiology of psychiatric symptoms in FTD is different from other types of dementia. Although drugs for Alzheimer disease appear to be ineffective for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms of FTD, preliminary evidence supports a possible usefulness of serotonergic antidepressants for these patients. Data are too scanty to draw definitive conclusions, but antidepressant treatment, particularly with serotonergic compounds, may improve psychiatric symptoms in patients with FTD. Large observational studies are needed to confirm this preliminary evidence, and a lot of effort and collaboration between neurologists and psychiatrists will be definitely crucial for future research of effective treatments for FTD.

scholarly journals Dental Findings in Kabuki Syndrome: A Systematic Review for Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Ricardo Barbosa-Lima ◽  
Amanda Lopes ◽  
Juliely N. F. De Moura ◽  
Sabrina N. Ribeiro ◽  
Matheus S. N. T. Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Kabuki Syndrome ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Eleven Case

Kabuki syndrome consists in a series of congenital anomalies involving intellectual disability, hypotonia, and facial and body dysmorphism. In addition to these cardinal signs, craniofacial and dental changes are frequently observed, although they are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of this article is to present the dental findings in patients with Kabuki syndrome. This is a systematic review developed according to the PRISMA protocol. A search strategy with descriptors ("kabuki syndrome" AND "dentistry") was applied to six databases. As inclusion criteria, we selected clinical case reports that addressed dental findings in one or more patients with Kabuki syndrome between 1999 and 2019, without restrictions regarding gender, age or language. Data collection in all databases was performed by a calibrated evaluator and titles, abstracts and full-text studies were systematically analyzed. Eleven case reports that fit the proposed inclusion criteria were found. After the qualitative synthesis, teeth absence or agenesis were the most reported findings, being observed by nine authors. Less frequent dental findings in patients with this syndrome are taurodontism, microdontia, fusion, gemination and conical or screwdriver-shaped teeth. In fact, when any syndrome or genetic condition is related to manifestations of dental interest, the dental surgeon should be able to investigate them, especially teeth agenesis or absence. For this reason, the dentist should be aware of the manifestations of Kabuki syndrome, contributing to patients' understanding and management.

scholarly journals Pneumocystis Pneumonia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atousa Hakamifard ◽  
Shervin Shokouhi ◽  
Masoud Mardani ◽  
Nariman Mosaffa ◽  
Hamed Azhdari Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Bone Marrow Suppression ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Immunological Mechanism ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Abstract: Background: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) incidence in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have not been well described and some studies have shown the risk of this infection in these groups of patients. In this systematic review, we reviewed the published studies about PCP in AML to evaluate the PCP incidence and outcomes in these patients and then focuses on its immunological mechanism. Method: All articles reviewed in this collection are from recruited sites: PubMed and Embase databases. No time limit was considered for article searching. The following keywords were used: (“Pneumonia, Pneumocystis” OR Pneumocystis Pneumonia” OR “Pneumocystis jirovecii”), AND (“leukemia, myeloid, acute OR acute myeloid leukemia”). Our search strategy yielded 356 articles. After implementing the exclusion and inclusion criteria, the final papers were selected and reviewed. Result: By our search, 356 articles were found (316 in PubMed and 40 in Embase). After the implementation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven papers remained. A total of seven articles with a total number of 41 patients were included. Conclusion: Affected patients appear to have a clear resistance to PCP infection despite chemotherapy and bone marrow suppression due to the preservation of a specific immunological milieu in the lung. In fact, may be due to immunological stability of the lungs that remains intact. Further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Sensorial changes in individuals with HTLV-1: systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-563
Author(s):  
Erika Pedreira Da Fonseca ◽  
Livia Aguiar Pereira ◽  
Ludmila Souza Caldas Lordelo ◽  
Rebeca Freitas Reis Nunes ◽  
Elen Batriz Carneiro Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Virtual Library ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Sensory Disorders ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain

Background: Sensory function is recognized as a precursor of the movement recovery. Therefore, the symptoms presented by people with HTLV-1 can result in impairment in the performance of functional activities. Aim: To systematize knowledge about sensory alterations in patients with HTLV-1. Methods: This is a systematic review, with the primary search of the articles carried out in the Medline databases, via the Pubmed virtual library, including observational studies that addressed the sensory alteration in individuals with HTLV-1. The search strategy was conducted independently by two researchers and the divergences resolved by consensus. Results: A total of 44 studies were found in the primary search, including four studies addressing sensory impairment in individuals with HTLV-1, with a total of 240 participants. All articles were classified as low risk of bias regarding the description of the study question, results and discussion. Conclusion: We identified a high prevalence of pain and altered vibratory sensitivity in relation to other sensory disorders, however, shortage of published works on this topic suggests new approaches are made showing a large knowledge gap to be explored.

Epidemiology of Depression and Anxiety in Gout: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
Drew Bowie ◽  
Hyon K. Choi ◽  
Sharan K. Rai ◽  
Mary A. De Vera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Epidemiology Of Depression

Objective.To conduct a systematic review of depression and anxiety among patients with gout that specifically evaluates the prevalence, incidence, determinants, and effects of these mental health comorbidities.Methods.We conducted a literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and PsycINFO using indexed terms and key words to identify studies reporting on depression/anxiety in patients with gout. This review included full-text articles published in English that reported on patients with gout, evaluated depression/anxiety using a routinely reported measure, and provided estimates or sufficient data on the prevalence, incidence, determinants, or effects of depression/anxiety. Metaanalyses were conducted using random effects models.Results.Twenty of 901 articles identified through the search strategy met our inclusion criteria. All 20 studies evaluated depression, while only 10 assessed anxiety (50%). Metaanalyses suggest a positive association between mental health disorders and gout, as resultant pooled OR were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07–1.56) for depression and 1.29 (95% CI 0.96–1.73) for anxiety. Findings from four studies reporting on the incidence of depression in patients with gout resulted in a pooled HR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.36). Significant determinants of depression included number of tophi, frequency of flares, and oligo/polyarticular gout.Conclusion.Our systematic review suggests that depression and anxiety are significantly associated with gout, highlighting the need for future research to focus on the onset of mental disorders after gout diagnosis. We also identify potential targets for intervention.

scholarly journals Does caffeine consumption during pregnancy increase the risk of fetal mortality? A literature review

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1676-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Fernando C. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Fetal Death ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Fetal Demise ◽  
Number Of Publications

The aim of this study was to evaluate the available epidemiological evidence of the effect of caffeine consumption during pregnancy on fetal mortality. A systematic qualitative review of observational studies that referred to any source of exposure to caffeine from food in pregnancy and to fetal mortality as the outcome was conducted in the databases MEDLINE and LILACS. Studies published between January 1966 and September 2004 were searched. The following descriptors were used: "caffeine", "coffee", "tea", "cola", and "cacao" to define the exposure and "fetal death", "stillbirth", "fetal demise", and "fetal loss" to define the outcome. The search strategy retrieved 32 publications, but only six met the inclusion criteria and three were included. One more article was found using "see related articles" feature in PubMed. A total of four publications were included in the review. The small number of publications addressing this subject, methodological limitations, inaccurate exposure assessment in all the studies, overall risks only marginally significant in most cases, and the possibility of publication bias preclude stating with certainty that caffeine consumption is actually associated with fetal death.

scholarly journals Development, validation and effectiveness of diagnostic prediction tools for colorectal cancer in primary care: a systematic review

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Grigore ◽  
Ruth Lewis ◽  
Jaime Peters ◽  
Sophie Robinson ◽  
Christopher J. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Tools based on diagnostic prediction models are available to help general practitioners (GP) diagnose colorectal cancer. It is unclear how well they perform and whether they lead to increased or quicker diagnoses and ultimately impact on patient quality of life and/or survival. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the development, validation, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness, of cancer diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer in primary care. Methods Electronic databases including Medline and Web of Science were searched in May 2017 (updated October 2019). Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full-texts. Studies were included if they reported the development, validation or accuracy of a prediction model, or assessed the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tools based on prediction models to aid GP decision-making for symptomatic patients presenting with features potentially indicative of colorectal cancer. Data extraction and risk of bias were completed by one reviewer and checked by a second. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Results Eleven thousand one hundred thirteen records were screened and 23 studies met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-studies reported on the development, validation and/or accuracy of 13 prediction models: eight for colorectal cancer, five for cancer areas/types that include colorectal cancer. The Qcancer models were generally the best performing. Three impact studies met the inclusion criteria. Two (an RCT and a pre-post study) assessed tools based on the RAT prediction model. The third study looked at the impact of GP practices having access to RAT or Qcancer. Although the pre-post study reported a positive impact of the tools on outcomes, the results of the RCT and cross-sectional survey found no evidence that use of, or access to, the tools was associated with better outcomes. No study evaluated cost effectiveness. Conclusions Many prediction models have been developed but none have been fully validated. Evidence demonstrating improved patient outcome of introducing the tools is the main deficiency and is essential given the imperfect classification achieved by all tools. This need is emphasised by the equivocal results of the small number of impact studies done so far.

scholarly journals Are self-ligating brackets related to less formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies? A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Euler Andrade Gomes do Nascimento ◽  
Margareth Maria Gomes de Souza ◽  
Angela Rita Pontes Azevedo ◽  
Lucianne Cople Maia
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

OBJECTIVE: To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies. METHODS: Search strategy: four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid ALL EMB Reviews, PubMed and BIREME) were selected to search relevant articles covering the period from January 1965 to December 2012. Selection Criteria: in first consensus by reading the title and abstract. The full text was obtained from publications that met the inclusion criteria. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently extracted data using the keywords: conventional, self-ligating, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, and systematic review; and independently evaluated the quality of the studies. In case of divergence, the technique of consensus was adopted. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 1,401 articles. The classification of scientific relevance revealed the high quality of the 6 eligible articles of which outcomes were not unanimous in reporting not only the influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over adhesion and formation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans, but also that other factors such as the quality of the bracket type, the level of individual oral hygiene, bonding and age may have greater influence. Statistical analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneous methodological design. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.

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