scholarly journals KIMS, CEDIA, and HS-CEDIA Immunoassays Are Inadequately Sensitive for Detection of Benzodiazepines in Urine from Patients Treated for Chronic Pain

2014 ◽  
Vol 4;17 (4;7) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Stacy Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Benzodiazepine Use ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Background: Patients treated for chronic pain may frequently undergo urine drug testing to monitor medication compliance and detect undisclosed prescribed or illicit drug use. Due to the increasing use and abuse of benzodiazepines, this class of medications is often included in drug screening panels. However, immunoassay-based methods lack the requisite sensitivity for detecting benzodiazepine use in this population primarily due to their poor cross-reactivity with several major urinary benzodiazepine metabolites. A High Sensitivity Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (HS-CEDIA), in which betaglucuronidase is added to the reagent, has been shown to perform better than traditional assays, but its performance in patients treated for chronic pain is not well characterized. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of HS-CEDIA, as compared to the Cloned Enzyme Donor Immunoassay (CEDIA) and Kinetic Interaction of Microparticles in Solution (KIMS) screening immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), for monitoring benzodiazepine use in patients treated for chronic pain. Study Design: A study of the diagnostic accuracy of urine benzodiazepine immunoassays. Setting: The study was conducted at an academic tertiary care hospital with a clinical laboratory that performs urine drug testing for monitoring medication compliance in pain management. Methods: A total of 299 urine specimens from patients treated for chronic pain were screened for the presence of benzodiazepines using the HS-CEDIA, CEDIA, and KIMS assays. The sensitivity and specificity of the screening assays were determined using the LC-MS/MS results as the reference method. Results: Of the 299 urine specimens tested, 141 (47%) confirmed positive for one or more of the benzodiazepines/metabolites by LC-MS/MS. All 3 screens were 100% specific with no false-positive results. The CEDIA and KIMS sensitivities were 55% (78/141) and 47% (66/141), respectively. Despite the relatively higher sensitivity of the HS-CEDIA screening assay (78%; 110/141), primarily due to increased detection of lorazepam, it still missed 22% (31/141) of benzodiazepine-positive urines. The KIMS, CEDIA, and HS-CEDIA assays yielded accuracies of 75%, 79%, and 90%, respectively, in comparison with LC-MS/MS. Limitations: This study was limited by its single-site location and the modest size of the urine samples utilized. Conclusions: While the HS-CEDIA provides higher sensitivity than the KIMS and CEDIA assays, it still missed an unacceptably high percentage of benzodiazepine-positive samples from patients treated for chronic pain. LC-MS/MS quantification with enzymatic sample pretreatment offers superior sensitivity and specificity for monitoring benzodiazepines in patients treated for chronic pain. Key words: High sensitivty immunoassay, benzodiazepine, beta-glucoronidase, pain management, compliance, LC-MS/MS, screening

scholarly journals Repeated Quantitative Urine Toxicology Analysis May Improve Chronic Pain Patient Compliance with Opioid Therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (20;2) ◽  
pp. s135-s145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Urine Toxicology ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Improve Compliance

Background: Even though serious efforts have been undertaken by different medical societies to reduce opioid use for treating chronic benign pain, many Americans continue to seek pain relief through opioid consumption. Assuring compliance of these patients may be a difficult aspect of proper management even with regular behavioral monitoring. Objective: The purpose of this study was to accurately assess the compliance of chronic opioidconsuming patients in an outpatient setting and evaluate if utilizing repeated urine drug testing (UDT) could improve compliance. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting: Outpatient pain management clinic. Methods: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, a retrospective analysis of data for 500 patients was conducted. We included patients who were aged 18 years and older who were treated with opioid analgesic medication for chronic pain. Patients were asked to provide supervised urine toxicology specimens during their regular clinic visits, and were asked to do so without prior notification. The specimens were sent to an external laboratory for quantitative testing using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Three hundred and eighty-six (77.2%) patients were compliant with prescribed medications and did not use any illicit drugs or undeclared medications. Forty-one (8.2%) patients tested positive for opioid medication(s) that were not prescribed in our clinic; 8 (1.6%) of the patients were positive for medication that was not prescribed by any physician and was not present in the Illinois Prescription Monitoring Program; 5 (1%) patients tested negative for prescribed opioids; and 60 (12%) patients were positive for illicit drugs (8.6% marijuana, 3.2% cocaine, 0.2% heroin). Repeated UDTs following education and disclosure, showed 49 of the 77 patients (63.6%) had improved compliance. Limitations: This was a single-site study and we normalized concentrations of opioids in urine with creatinine levels while specific gravity normalization was not used. Conclusions: Our results showed that repeated UDT can improve compliance of patients on opioid medications and can improve overall pain management. We believe UDT testing should be used as an important adjunctive tool to help guide clinical decision-making regarding opioid therapy, potentially increasing future quality of care. Key words: Urine toxicology analysis, chronic pain, opioids, compliance, pain management, urine drug testing, urine drug screening

Significant cost savings achieved by in-sourcing urine drug testing for monitoring medication compliance in pain management

2013 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy E.F. Melanson ◽  
Milenko J. Tanasijevic ◽  
Marion L. Snyder ◽  
Alicia Darragh ◽  
Cathleen Quade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug

scholarly journals Optimizing Urine Drug Testing for Monitoring Medication Compliance in Pain Management

Pain Medicine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1813-1820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy E. F. Melanson ◽  
Adam S. Ptolemy ◽  
Ajay D. Wasan
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug

Storage of urine specimens in point of care (POC) urine drug testing cups reduces concentrations of many drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Haidari ◽  
Sravan Mansani ◽  
Dezaray Ponds ◽  
Lissett Romero ◽  
Christine Cobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Urine Specimens

scholarly journals Urine Drug Testing of Chronic Pain Patients. II. Prevalence Patterns of Prescription Opiates and Metabolites

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Heltsley ◽  
Anne Zichterman ◽  
David L. Black ◽  
Beverly Cawthon ◽  
Tim Robert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Chronic Pain Patients ◽  
Urine Drug Testing ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
Pain Patients
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document