scholarly journals Spark Plasma Sintering/Field Assisted Sintering Technique as a Universal Method for the Synthesis, Densification and Bonding Processes for Metal, Ceramic and Composite Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-69
Author(s):  
Jolanta Laszkiewicz-Łukasik ◽  
Piotr Putyra ◽  
Piotr Klimczyk ◽  
Marcin Podsiadło ◽  
Kinga Bednarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Sintered Compact ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Field Assisted Sintering

This paper presents the technology of powder sintering by the spark plasma sintering method, also known as the field assisted sintering technique. The mechanisms, compared to other sintering techniques, advantages of this system, applied modifications and the history of the development of this technique are presented. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) uses uniaxial pressing and pulses of electric current. The direct flow of current through the sintered material allows high heating rates to be reached. This has a positive effect on material compaction and prevents the grain growth of sintered compact. The SPS mechanism is based on high-energy spark discharges. A low-voltage current pulse increases the kinetics of diffusion processes. The SPS temperature is up to 500 °C lower than the sintering temperature using conventional methods. The phenomena that occur during sintering with the Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST)/SPS method give great results for consolidating all types of materials, including those which are nonconductive. This method is used, among others, in relation to metals, alloys and ceramics, including advanced and ultra-high-temperature ceramics. Due to the good results and universality of this method, in recent years it has been developed and often used in research institutions, but also in industry.

Al-SiC Nanocomposites Produced by Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering

2013 ◽  
Vol 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Picu ◽  
J.J. Gracio ◽  
G.T. Vincze ◽  
N. Mathew ◽  
T. Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles ◽  
Sic Particles ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Annealing Experiments

ABSTRACTIn this work Al-SiC nanocomposites were prepared by high energy ball milling followed by spark plasma sintering of the powder. For this purpose Al micro-powder was mixed with 50 nm diameter SiC nanoparticles. The final composites had grains of approximately 100 nm dimensions, with SiC particles located mostly at grain boundaries. To characterize their mechanical behavior, uniaxial compression, micro- and nano-indentation were performed. Materials with 1vol% SiC as well as nanocrystalline Al produced by the same means with the composite were processed, tested and compared. AA1050 was also considered for reference. It was concluded that the yield stress of the nanocomposite with 1 vol% SiC is 10 times larger than that of regular pure Al (AA1050). Nanocrystalline Al without SiC and processed by the same method has a yield stress 7 times larger than AA1050. Therefore, the largest increase is due to the formation of nanograins, with the SiC particles’ role being primarily that of stabilizing the grains. This was demonstrated by performing annealing experiments at 150°C and 250°C for 2h, in separate experiments.

Microstructure and properties of Cu-10 wt.% Al bronze obtained by high-energy mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering

2022 ◽  
pp. 131671
Author(s):  
Dina V. Dudina ◽  
Tatyana F. Grigoreva ◽  
Vyacheslav I. Kvashnin ◽  
Evgeniya T. Devyatkina ◽  
Sergey V. Vosmerikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Mechanical Milling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Microstructure And Properties ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma

Nickel/Alumina Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Obtained by High-Energy Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Martínez-Franco ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Ricardo Cuenca Álvarez ◽  
Jesús González Hernández ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Matrix Nanocomposites ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball ◽  
Matrix Nanocomposites

Metal matrix nanocomposites (MMNCs) are anticipated to offer significantly better performance than existing superalloys. Nickel/alumina nanocomposite samples were fabricated with a powder metallurgy method, combining high-energy ball milling (HEBM) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The objective of this research is to determine the effect of alumina nanoparticle fraction and HEBM parameters on the powder preparation and sintering processes, and resultant microstructure and properties. Nickel-based powders containing various fractions (1, 5 and 15 vol.%) alumina nanoparticles were prepared by HEBM. The initial particle sizes were 44 μm and 50 nm for nickel and alumina, respectively. The milling process was conducted by starting with mixing at 250 rpm for 5 min, followed by cycling operation at high and low speeds (1200 rpm for 4 min and 150 rpm for 1 min). Samples at different milling times (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) of each composition were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the dispersion of nanoparticles in the powders at different milling times. SPS technique was used for consolidation of the prepared powders. SEM images showed that alumina nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the metal matrix in the sample containing 15 vol.% alumina. Hardness measurements in cross sections of SPSed samples showed higher values for Ni/Al2O3 MMNC compared to pure Ni.

Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) Model for Prediction of Final Properties

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Paul ◽  
Anil K. Kulkarni ◽  
Jogender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Field Assisted Sintering ◽  
The Relationship

Sintering is the process of making materials from powder form by heating the powder below its melting point until the particles fuse to each other. Field assisted sintering technology (FAST), also sometimes known as spark plasma sintering (SPS), uses a pulsed and/or continuous electric current along with the simultaneous application of compressive pressure which leads to extremely high heating rates and short processing durations. A high relative density and small grain size promote superior properties such as greater hardness and electrical breakdown. Hence, selection of the proper sintering parameters is of paramount importance and a predictive model would be extremely useful in narrowing the range of experimental parameters. This will drastically reduce the number of extra attempts at obtaining certain properties in a material and save experimentation time, effort and material to name a few. Four of the most important FAST parameters: target temperature, holding time, heating rate and initial particle size, have been reviewed to assess their effect on the densification, hardening and grain growth of Alumina, Copper, Silicon Carbide, Tungsten and Tungsten Carbide through extensive literature survey. The relationship between each has been incorporated in a Microsoft Excel program which acts as a predictive tool to determine an estimate of the final properties based on the initial parameters chosen. This is done by curve fitting a polynomial onto the existing data points as closely as possible and using the polynomial to obtain final properties as a function of the initial parameters. The model was verified against an existing paper which sought to obtain the optimum sintering parameters for Copper. While the actual experimentation range was 400°C to 800°C, the program would have suggested a much narrower range from 650°C to 800°C and hence saved unnecessary additional efforts.

scholarly journals Structure and Deformation Behavior of Ti-SiC Composites Made by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Garbiec ◽  
Volf Leshchynsky ◽  
Alberto Colella ◽  
Paolo Matteazzi ◽  
Piotr Siwak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Indentation Size Effect ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Indentation Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Energy Ball

Combining high energy ball milling and spark plasma sintering is one of the most promising technologies in materials science. The mechanical alloying process enables the production of nanostructured composite powders that can be successfully spark plasma sintered in a very short time, while preserving the nanostructure and enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite. Composites with MAX phases are among the most promising materials. In this study, Ti/SiC composite powder was produced by high energy ball milling and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering. During both processes, Ti3SiC2, TiC and Ti5Si3 phases were formed. Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study showed that the phase composition of the spark plasma sintered composites consists mainly of Ti3SiC2 and a mixture of TiC and Ti5Si3 phases which have a different indentation size effect. The influence of the sintering temperature on the Ti-SiC composite structure and properties is defined. The effect of the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase grain growth was found at a sintering temperature of 1400–1450 °C. The indentation size effect at the nanoscale for Ti3SiC2, TiC+Ti5Si3 and SiC-Ti phases is analyzed on the basis of the strain gradient plasticity theory and the equation constants were defined.

Ultrastrong nanodispersed tungsten pseudoalloys produced by high-energy milling and spark plasma sintering

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Chuvil’deev ◽  
A. V. Moskvicheva ◽  
A. V. Nokhrin ◽  
G. V. Baranov ◽  
Yu. V. Blagoveshchenskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Milling ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma
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