scholarly journals GLOBALIZATION AND MAIN TRENDS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: TRADE AND INVESTMENTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Emir Eteria
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Average Share ◽  
Trade And Investment

Globalization and its impact on developing and transition economies are among most debated issues in social sciences. Globalization is multidimensional, multipart and multispeed phenomena affecting all countries and nations in the world. However, economic dimension of globalization could be considered as foundation as well as determinant of development of other forms of globalization, including political and social globalization. It is obvious, that economic globalization intensifies cooperation as well as competition on regional and global level and therefore, enhances economic and political interdependence among countries. There are many conflicting approaches towards globalization. However, a leading form of globalization still is neoliberal globalization, while other perspectives are opposing ideas to neoliberal globalization. A fundamental idea of neoliberal economic globalization is socalled “small government” and openness for trade and investment, which has been considered as a necessary precondition for economic development of any nation in the world since 1980s. Noteworthy, that major negative aspects of neoliberal globalization, underlined by “skeptics” are negative effects of neoliberal globalization on trade and investment performance of developing and transition economies. Conducted analysis of trade and investment performance of developing and transition economies demonstrates their growing involvement in globalizing world economy. Ac- cording to data of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), during 1990-2018, exports an- nual average growth rates of developing and transition countries were 9,5% and 8,8% respectively, while exports annual average growth rate of developed countries was 5,7%. More - over, in 1990-2018, imports annual average growth rates of developing and transition countries were 9,3% and 7,7% respectively, while imports average growth rate of developed countries was 5, 9%. It is clear, that besides trade, Foreign Direct Investment is the major indicator to evaluate countries/ country groups’ involvement in globalization. Noteworthy, that between 1990 and 2000 average share of developing countries in world Foreign Direct Investments (inward) was 29,3%, in 2001-2010 was 34, 4%, while in 2011-2018 aver- age share was 44, 2%. In 2018, developing countries share in inward world Foreign Direct Investments was 54, 4%, while developed countries share was 42, 9%. It is clear, that countries/country groups’ involvement in the international capital movement and in globalization processes in general, depends not only on inward Foreign Direct Investments, but also on outward FDIs. In 1990-2000, average share of developing countries in outward FDIs was 10,4%, in 2001-2010 was 14,1%, while in 2011-2018 average share of developing countries in outward world FDIs significantly increased and reached 30,1%. The data underlines an intensification of trade relations of transition and developing countries as well as their increased openness for Foreign Direct Investments and rising share in outward world FDIs. As a result, during 1990-2018, developing and transition countries involvement in globalizing world economy significantly increased via increased trade relations and growing participation in movement of Foreign Direct Invest- ments. Consequently, despite some setbacks, economic globalization remains as the leading characteristic of the world economic development and process of deglobalization is not evident.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth: The Azerbaijan Sample

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serap Ürüt Kelleci ◽  
Emine Fırat
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
General Information ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
The World

Today, foreign direct investment is very important for both developed and developing countries. It is seen as an opportunity to overcome the inadequacy of capital, especially in developing countries. It is expected that these investments will make a serious contribution in solving the problems related to the balance of payments, in the realization of the investments that will enable the growth of the economies, in increasing the employment. The study will examine the size, development and effects of foreign capital in Azerbaijan economy. Azerbaijan, which is also known as transition economies, has gone from the Soviet Union in 1991 to regulating its economic structure from the beginning. At this point, they have undertaken various reforms to improve their inadequate investment capabilities and to attract foreign direct investment into the country. In this respect, they tried to have a share of this great pasty shared by the developed countries in the world. In this study, firstly foreign direct investments and economic effects will be examined. Then, general information about Azerbaijani economy will be given and the dimensions and effects of foreign direct investments in Azerbaijan will be revealed. After the literature review on the subject has been made, the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Azerbaijan will be empirically analyzed. The figures for Azerbaijan during the period 1995-2015 were obtained from the World Bank.

scholarly journals Why hasn’t Macedonia succeeded for a long time in absorbing Foreign Direct Investment

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Nasir Selimi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Almost All

Recently almost all countries of the world without exception developed countries or the developing countries are attracting foreign direct investments. The reason is that there is no dilemma that benefits of foreign direct investments in the host countries as well as domestic countries are greater than the damage that can have.Western Balkan countries also follow this trend for attracting foreign direct investment. Some of them have achieved notable successes, while the others have achieved less success.  Macedonia is a country that during the last two decades ranks among the countries with smaller foreign direct investments.In the paper which I have chosen to analyze, in the start I gave a general overview of the meaning, role and importance of foreign direct investments for economic development of a country.  Later I have analyzed the trend of foreign direct investments in the region, and especially in Macedonia. At the end sought and given reasons of locking foreign direct investment in Macedonia and recommendations to overcome such a situation.

scholarly journals Analysis of foreign direct investments: regional aspect

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
I. V. Shevchenko ◽  
M. K. Tretyakova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Investment Capital

The article analyses the dynamics of foreign direct investments in Russia and the world. Developed countries act as net lenders. Developing countries are borrowers in the investment capital market. The paper reveals the trend of reducing the balance of foreign direct investments in Russia, especially after the introduction of sanctions in 2014. Assessment of the structure of foreign direct investments by Federal Districts shows the presence of territorial imbalances in the distribution of foreign capital. The largest volume of foreign direct investments is in the Central Federal District. In the Krasnodar Territory, the balance of foreign direct investments is positive, but has an uneven dynamics. The authors make conclusions about the need to stimulate the inflow of foreign direct investments both at the level of Russia and in the Krasnodar Territory.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

FORMATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE REGION ON THE BASIS OF THE INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MODEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Lytvynenko ◽  
◽  
Elena Lytvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Business Structures

The article discusses the key issues of achieving the goals of modernization, namely, China's interaction with the world economy. Chinese economists believe that the process of globalization cannot be stopped, but it can be radically changed and directed to the benefit of China's economy, most likely with the help of transnational corporations. The revitalization of integration processes among developing countries has been observed against the backdrop of the successful development of the Western European model of economic integration. In this way, integration first affected the sphere of production and then the sphere of mutual trade. The article substantiates the necessity and possibility of adaptation to the changing economic conditions and innovative development of business structures operating in international business and the proposal of specific schemes for their construction in accordance with the world markets requirements. Notice that, there is a change in the principles of regional integration development at the present stage. Developing countries are actively seeking to participate in integration processes, since the leading powers prefer to use territorial disputes in their foreign policy and there is a risk of potential threats from border states. For centuries, China has held the leading position in the world in terms of quality of life. However, modern China is not one of the developed countries in any of the established classifications, and therefore the current work explores the modernization theories of the economies of developing countries. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the entire world trade, production, trade and logistics chains have been destroyed, stock indices are declining, industrial production has been suspended, oil prices have collapsed, demand for goods is reorienting. Since China is the main trade partner of Ukraine and many Ukrainian enterprises are associated with the PRC by purchasing both goods or components for their production, it clearly will not affect our trade relations for the better.

scholarly journals Loss of work productivity in a warming world: Differences between developed and developing countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Yu ◽  
Zhongwei Yan ◽  
Jiangjiang Xia ◽  
Alcide Zhao ◽  
Anzhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
Warming World

<p>Comparable estimates of the heat-related work productivity loss (WPL) in different countries over the world are difficult partly due to the lack of exact measures and comparable data for different counties. In this study, we analysed 4363 responses to a global online survey on the WPL during heat waves in 2016. The participants were from both developed and developing countries, facilitating estimates of the heat-related WPL across the world for the year. The heat-related WPL for each country involved was then deduced for increases of 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 °C in the global mean surface temperature under the representative concentration pathway scenarios in climate models. The average heat-related WPL in 2016 was 6.6 days for developing countries and 3.5 days for developed countries. The estimated heat-related WPL was negatively correlated with the gross domestic product per capita. When global surface temperatures increased by 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 °C, the corresponding WPL was 9 (19), 12 (31), 22 (61) and 33 (94) days for developed (developing) countries, quantifying how developing countries are more vulnerable to climate change from a particular point of view. Moreover, the heat-related WPL was unevenly distributed among developing countries. In a 2°C-warmer world, the heat-related WPL would be more than two months in Southeast Asia, the most influenced region. The results are considerable for developing strategy of adaptation especially for developing countries.</p>

scholarly journals The emergence of Kawasaki disease in India and China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Kumar Jindal ◽  
Vingesh Pandiarajan ◽  
Raju Khubchandani ◽  
Nutan Kamath ◽  
Tapas Sabui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
Acquired Heart Disease ◽  
India And China

Kawasaki disease (KD) is recognized as a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Although global in distribution, Japan records the highest incidence of KD in the world. Epidemiological reports from the two most populous countries in the world, namely China and India, indicate that KD is now being increasingly recognized. Whether this increased reporting is due to increased ascertainment, or is due to a true increase in incidence, remains a matter of conjecture. The diagnosis and management of KD in developing countries is a challenging proposition. In this review we highlight some of the difficulties faced by physicians in managing children with KD in resource-constrained settings. 

scholarly journals Singapore, A Growing Economic Titan from South East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Ignatius Hubert Tantra
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
East Asia ◽  
International System ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Institutional Leadership ◽  
Living Space ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Mass

Singapore has one of the fastest economic development pace throughout South East Asia. Despite the fact that by land mass, it is not the biggest or the most fertile country. By demographic factor, it is not the most populated nor the most culturally diverse country. It also didn’t have the natural resources that its neighboring countries boasted as their main commodity. Yet, Singapore is a country with one of the most efficient implementation of living space, land usage, and education programme in the world. Because of its greatness, Singapore can be put in the same class with the others developed countries in the world. This is despite all the handicap that this country has, through the thick and thin of its history. The author believes that these successes can be atributted mostly to the efficient leadership of Singapore as a nation state in the international system, and that these successes can be adapted throughout Asia, and the world as a whole. This essay was made exactly to achieve this successful impact on ASEAN’s countries economics. In this writing, the author will examine what makes Singapore such a great economic titan, and how it can turn its unlikely position into a flourishing market economy and becoming a model for other developing countries to replicate, with institutional leadership. All of these, for the purpose of learning, and in the bid of rejuvenating economic vigor that most Asian countries and developing countries needed to keep up and even compete with more prominent countries in the international political system of the world.

scholarly journals The International Legal Regime for Biotechnology Patenting: an Appraisal from the Standpoint of Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-325
Author(s):  
Jean-Faustin Badimboli Atibasay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Ipr Protection

The development of biotechnology, which promises many economic opportunities, has revived the debate over the ownership of biological resources and its derivatives, as well as the sharing of the benefits which derive from its multiple applications. At the core of the debate, is the recent marriage between intellectual property rights (IPR) and international trade, within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this context, the need of developed countries to prevent trade distortions due to the lack of adequate IPR protection in developing countries, is weighed against the need to promote local interests in these countries. However, the legal impact of recent multilateral agreements, which address biological innovations, is still subject to controversy. An assessment of these instruments reveals divergent approaches to the issues which divide the parties concerned. This results in ambiguities and conflicts with respect to relevant provisions of these agreements. From a wide range of possible solutions discussed, industrial and developing countries might consider to review the disputed provisions in a way that attempts to harmonise the agreements and render legal implications of their respective initiatives in this area more predictable.

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