EQUIPMENT BASIS OF PERFORMANCE OF RESULTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WORKS

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
A. Khamidov ◽  
B. Suvanov ◽  
U. Djuraev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
German Federal Republic ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Scientific Project

The article provides information on modern high-precision digital laboratory instruments obtained within the framework of the BioWat scientific project: The German Federal Republic (BMBF), sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Science, is the“Resources management in the salinized and drought stress-endangered irrigation areas of Central Asia for adapting to climate change” with the aim of improving the material and technical base of the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation Engineers and Agricultural Mechanization.

scholarly journals Growing and Flowering in a Changing Climate: Effects of Higher Temperatures and Drought Stress on the Bee-Pollinated Species Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 988
Author(s):  
Charlotte Descamps ◽  
Najet Boubnan ◽  
Anne-Laure Jacquemart ◽  
Muriel Quinet
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Resistance Strategies ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

Drought and higher temperatures caused by climate change are common stress conditions affecting plant growth and development. The reproductive phase is particularly sensitive to stress, but plants also need to allocate their limited resources to produce floral traits and resources to attract pollinators. We investigated the physiological and floral consequences of abiotic stress during the flowering period of Impatiens glandulifera, a bee-pollinated species. Plants were exposed to three temperatures (21, 24, 27 °C) and two watering regimes (well-watered, water stress) for 3 weeks. Not all parameters measured responded in the same manner to drought and/or heat stress. Drought stress induced leaf senescence, decreasing leaf number by 15–30% depending on growth temperature. Drought also reduced photosynthetic output, while temperature rise affected stomatal conductance. The number of flowers produced dropped 40–90% in response to drought stress, while higher temperatures shortened flower life span. Both stresses affected floral traits, but flower resources diminished in response to higher temperatures, with lower nectar volume and pollen protein content. We conclude that increased temperatures and drought stress, which are becoming more frequent with climate change, can negatively affect flowering, even if plants deploy physiological resistance strategies.

scholarly journals Climate change and water resources management in the Upper Santa Cruz River, Arizona

2015 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 18-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eylon Shamir ◽  
Sharon B. Megdal ◽  
Carlos Carrillo ◽  
Christopher L. Castro ◽  
Hsin-I Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Santa Cruz River

Impacts of European spruce bark beetle infestations on Norway spruce BVOC emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Jaakkola ◽  
Anna Maria Jönsson ◽  
Per-Ola Olsson ◽  
Maj-Lena Linderson ◽  
Thomas Holst
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Healthy Tree ◽  
Spruce Bark Beetle ◽  
Spruce Bark

<p>Tree killing by spruce bark beetles (<em>Ips typographus</em>) is one of the main disturbances to Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) forests in Europe and the risk of outbreaks is amplified by climate change with effects such as increased risk of storm felling, tree drought stress and an additional generation of spruce bark beetles per year<sup>[1]</sup>. The warm and dry summer of 2018 triggered large outbreaks in Sweden, the increased outbreaks are still ongoing and affected about 8 million m<sup>3</sup> forest in 2020<sup>[2]</sup>. This is the so far highest record of trees killed by the spruce bark beetle in a single year in Sweden<sup>[2]</sup>. In 1990-2010, the spruce bark beetle killed on average 150 000 m<sup>3</sup> forest per year in southern Sweden<sup>[3]</sup>. Bark beetles normally seek and attack Norway spruces with lowered defense, i.e. trees that are wind-felled or experience prolonged drought stress<sup>[4]</sup>. However, as the number of bark beetle outbreaks increase, the risk of attacks on healthy trees also increase<sup>[5]</sup>. This causes a higher threat to forest industry, and lowers the possibilities to mitigate climate change in terms of potential decreases in carbon uptake if the forests die<sup>[4,5]</sup>. Norway spruce trees normally defend themselves by drenching the beetles in resin<sup>[6]</sup>. The resin in turn contains different biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can vary if the spruce is attacked by bark beetles or not<sup> [4,6]</sup>. The most abundant group of terpenoids (isoprene, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes), is most commonly emitted from conifers, such as Norway spruce<sup>[7,8]</sup>. The aim of this study was to enable a better understanding of the direct defense mechanisms of spruce trees by quantifying BVOC emissions and its composition from individual trees under attack</p><p>To analyze the bark beetles’ impact on Norway spruce trees a method was developed using tree trunk chambers and adsorbent tubes. This enables direct measurements of the production of BVOCs from individual trees. Three different sites in Sweden, with different environmental conditions were used for the study and samples were collected throughout the growing season of 2019. After sampling, the tubes were analyzed in a lab using automated thermal desorption coupled to a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer to identify BVOC species and their quantity.</p><p>The preliminary results show a strong increase in BVOC emissions from a healthy tree that became infested during the data collection. The finalized results expect to enable better understanding of how spruce trees are affected by insect stress from bark beetles, and if bark beetle infestation will potentially result in increased carbon emission in the form of BVOCs.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] Jönsson et al. (2012). Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 166: 188–200<br>[2] Skogsstyrelsen, (2020). https://via.tt.se/pressmeddelande/miljontals-granar-dodades-av-granbarkborren-2020?publisherId=415163&releaseId=3288473<br>[3] Marini et al. (2017). Ecography, 40(12), 1426–1435.<br>[4] Raffa (1991). Photochemical induction by herbivores. pp. 245-276<strong><br></strong>[5] Seidl, et al. (2014). Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 806-810. <br>[6] Ghimire, et al. (2016). Atmospheric Environment, 126, 145-152.<br>[7] Niinemets, U. and Monson, R. (2013). ISBN 978-94-007-6606-8<br>[8] Kesselmeier, J. and Staudt, M. (1999). Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 33(1), pp.23-88</p>

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