A Study on the Transformation of the Concept of Marxism and Socialism Before and After the end of the “Cultural Revolution”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Kyunghoon Pi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Before and After The Cultural Revolution

1974 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Teiwes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Basic Change ◽  
Policy Relevance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

It comes as no surprise to current visitors to China that their hosts place great emphasis on the accomplishments of the Cultural Revolution. While production increases and improvements in living conditions are repeatedly cited, the basic change is spiritual – before the Cultural Revolution, elitist and selfish attitudes were allegedly widespread; since the Revolution, a new commitment to the common good by cadres and masses alike has purportedly enriched Chinese life. This preoccupation with the Cultural Revolution stems from more than a need to justify past upheavals, it reflects an ongoing debate over the realization of goals sanctified by that movement. The twin efforts of rebuilding the system and institutionalizing Cultural Revolution reforms have apparently caused deep misgivings on the part of some leaders who see a thinly disguised effort to “restore the old.” Thus the question of how China has changed since 1965 is of current policy relevance as well as intrinsic scholarly interest.

scholarly journals The Development of Marxist Shakespearean Criticism in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (35) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Revolutionary Literature ◽  
Bian Zhilin ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

Chinese Shakespearean criticism from Marxist perspectives is highly original in Chinese Shakespeare studies. Scholars such as Mao Dun, Yang Hui, Zhao Li, Fang Ping, Yang Zhouhan, Bian Zhilin, Meng Xianqiang, Sun Jiaxiu, Zhang Siyang and Wang Yuanhua adopt the basic principles and methods of Marxism to elaborate on Shakespeare’s works and have made great achievements. With ideas changed in different political climates, they have engaged in Shakespeare studies for over eight decades since the 1930s. At the beginning of the revolutionary age, they advocated revolutionary literature, followed Russian Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective, and established the mode of class analysis and highlighted realism. Before and after the Cultural Revolution, they were concerned about class, reality and people. They also showed the “left-wing” inclination, taking literature as a tool to serve politics. Since the 1980s, they have been free from politics and entered the pure academic realm, analysing Shakespearean dramas with Marxist aesthetic theories and transforming from sociological criticism to literary criticism.

No cultural revolution? Continuity and change in consumption patterns in contemporary China

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
The Cultural Revolution

One globalization paradigm argues that developing countries will increasingly resemble Western societies. Although influenced by Western trends, I argue that global consumerism will not make most Chinese abandon traditional values and adopt a different and totally Western consumer culture. This article, which is based on empirical evidence, stresses the role of culture and how it affects people’s strategies toward economic decision-making. I explore the changing values before and after the opening up policy, and how they influenced consumption patterns in different eras. The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) in China was a campaign designed to pursue a purer form of communism and led to a distinctive set of cultural values and ideologies, resulting in unique consumption patterns. “Status goods” during this period were based on a person’s “revolutionary background” and loyalty to Chairman Mao, rather than on individual consumption preferences. After the opening up policy, consumer behavior moved closer to the patterns found in Western capitalist societies, but the mechanisms that drive this consumption are quite different. Chinese traditional values were challenged but did not disappear, and the impact of the Cultural Revolution also had a profound influence on those who lived through it. Contemporary Chinese consumers selectively choose certain cultural values from a range of options in order to legitimize their spending decisions.

Women in Rural China: Policy Towards Women Before and After the Cultural Revolution

Man ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Eugene Cooper ◽  
Vibeke Hemmel ◽  
Pia Sindbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Rural China ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cultural Revolution
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