scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI MEDICATION ERROR PADA RESEP PASIEN POLI INTERNA DI INSTALASI FARMASI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA Tk. III MANADO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Tiansi Maalangen ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽  
Weny I. Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Hospital Level ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Hard Drugs

ABSTRACTMedication Error is every event that can be avoided which can cause or result in improper drug service or harm the patient while the drug is under the supervision of health personnel or patients. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of Medication Errors, which occur, in the precscribing phase and the dispensing phase of internal outpatient clinic. This research is a descriptive analysis research with prospective data collection. Study sample is 332 prescriptions of internal outpatient clinic who entered the pharmaceutical installation of Bhayangkara Hospital, Level III, in the period of January 2019. The results showed that there was a Medication Error in both phases. Medication Error that occurs in the prescribing phase includes; no birth date (age) 80.12%, no dosage form 38.85%, no consentration/dosage 27.71%, incomplete prescription of hard drugs 6.32%, can’t read prescribing letter 3.01%, incorrect/unclear patient name 1.20 %, there is no number of drugs 0.30% and there are no administration rules 0.30%. Medication Error that occurs in the dispensing phase includes; drug delivery outside the instructions is 8.13%, the drug delivered is less that 1.81%, and writing etiquette is wrong or incomplete 0.30%. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that there is a potensial of Medication Error in the prescribing and dispensing phase at Bhayangkara Hospital, Level III, Manado.  Keywords: Medication Error, Prescribing, Dispensing, Clinic Internally Bhayangkara Hospital Tk.III Manado.  ABSTRAKMedication Error adalah setiap kejadian yang dapat dihindari yang dapat menyebabkan atau berakibat pada pelayanan obat yang tidak tepat atau membahayakan pasien sementara obat berada dalam pengawasan tenaga kesehatan atau pasien. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui prevalensi Medication Error yang terjadi pada fase prescribing dan fase dispensing pasien rawat jalan poli interna. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data secara prospektif. Terhadap 332 resep pasien rawat jalan Poli Interna yang masuk di instalasi farmasi Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Tk.III Manado periode bulan Januari 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  terjadi Medication Error pada kedua fase tersebut. Medication Error yang terjadi pada Fase prescribing meliputi; tidak ada tanggal lahir (usia) 80.12 %, tidak ada bentuk sediaan 38.85 %, tidak ada konsentrasi/dosis sediaan  27.71 %, tidak lengkap penulisan resep obat keras 6.32 %, tulisan resep tidak terbaca 3.01 %, salah/tidak jelas nama pasien 1.20 %, tidak ada jumlah obat 0.30 % dan tidak ada aturan pakai 0.30 %. Medication Error yang terjadi pada Fase dispensing meliputi; pemberian obat diluar instruksi 8.13 %, obat yang diserahkan kurang 1.81 %, dan penulisan etiket yang salah atau tidak lengkap 0.30 %. Berdasarkan data diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa masih terjadi Medication Error pada fase prescribing dan dispensing di Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Tk.III Manado. Kata kunci : Medication Error, Prescribing, Dispensing, Poli Interna Rumah Sakit        Bhayangkara Tk.III Manado.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KEJADIAN MEDICATION ERROR DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RSU ELIM RANTEPAO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Priskha Widiastuti ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽  
Jainer P Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Medical Record Number ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Prescription Date

ABSTRACT Medication Error is an event that is detrimental to the patient due to errors in the administration of drugs during the handling of health personnel, which can actually be prevented. Data on incidents of medication errors at Elim Hospital, Rantepao in 2017 were 85 cases (0.085% of the total 98,892 prescription sheets served). This study aims to determine the incidence and the percentage of medication errors during the prescribing and dispensing phase in the Emergency Installation of Elim Hospital ,Rantepao. This research is a descriptive analysis with prospective data collection. The results showed that medication errors which occurred at prescribing stage included no prescription doctor's name was 9.19%, no medical record number was 6.13%, no doctor's initial was 99.61%, patient's name was not clear was 0.57% , there was no patient age, was 6.89%, no concentration / dosage was 2.68%, no dosage form was 52.10%, and no prescription date was  1.72%. While medication errors at the dispensing stage include taking the drug was 0.38% and the lack of drug prepared was 0.19%. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the biggest occurrence of medication errors in Emergency Services at Elim Hospital, Rantepao was occurred in the prescribing phase.Keywords: medication error, prescribing, dispensing, Emergency Installation ABSTRAKMedication Error adalah kejadian yang merugikan pasien akibat kesalahan dalam pemberian obat selama penanganan tenaga kesehatan, yang sebetulnya dapat dicegah.  Data insiden kejadian medication error RSU Elim Rantepao pada tahun 2017 yaitu sebanyak 85 kasus (0,085 % dari total 98.892 lembar resep yang dilayani). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kejadian dan persentase medication error pada fase prescribing dan dispensing di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSU Elim Rantepao. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang bersifat analisis deskriptif dengan pengumpulan data secara prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa medication error yang terjadi pada tahap prescribing meliputi tidak ada nama dokter penulis resep 9,19%, tidak ada nomor rekam medik 6,13%, tidak ada paraf dokter 99,61%, nama pasien tidak jelas 0,57%, tidak ada usia pasien 6,89%, tidak ada konsentrasi/dosis sediaan 2,68%, tidak ada bentuk sediaan 52,10 %, dan tidak ada tanggal pembuatan resep 1,72%. Sedangkan medication error pada tahap dispensing meliputi salah pengambilan obat 0,38% dan obat ada yang kurang 0,19%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kejadian medication error di Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSU Elim Rantepao terbesar yaitu terjadi pada fase prescribing.Kata-kata kunci : medication error , prescribing, dispensing, Instalasi Gawat Darurat

Development of Innovative Orally Fast Disintegrating Film Dosage Forms: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1666-1674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibhu Prasad Panda ◽  
N.S Dey ◽  
M.E.B. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Innovative Drug ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Over the past few decades, there has been an increased interest for innovative drug delivery systems to improve safety, efficacy and patient compliance, thereby increasing the product patent life cycle. The discovery and development of new chemical entities is not only an expensive but also time consuming affair. Hence the pharmaceutical industries are focusing on the design and development of innovative drug delivery systems for existing drugs. One such delivery system is the fast disintegrating oral film, which has gained popularity among pediatric and geriatric patients. This fast disintegrating film with many potential benefits of a fast disintegrating tablet but devoid of friability and risk of choking is more acceptable to pediatric and geriatric patients. Formulation of fast disintegrating film can be achieved by various techniques, but common methods of preparation include spraying and casting. These film forming techniques use hydrophilic film former in combination with suitable excipients, which allow the film to disintegrate or dissolve quickly in the mouth within a few seconds without the administration of water. In view of the advantages of the fast disintegrating films over the fast disintegrating tablets and other dosage forms, it has the potential for commercial exploitation. The oral film dosage form not only has certain advantages of other fast disintegrating systems but also satisfies the unmet needs of the market. The present review emphasizes on the potential benefits, design and development of robust, stable, and innovative orally fast- disintegrating films and their future scenarios on a global market as a pharmaceutical dosage form.  

Therapeutic Nanoemulsion: Concept to Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. A. Barkat ◽  
Harshita ◽  
Md. Rizwanullah ◽  
Faheem H. Pottoo ◽  
Sarwar Beg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Immiscible Liquids

: Nanoemulsions (NEs) or nanometric-scaled emulsions are transparent or translucent, optically isotropic and kinetically stable heterogeneous system of two different immiscible liquids namely, water and oil stabilized with an amphiphilic surfactant having droplet size ranges up to 100 nm. They offer a variety of potential interests for certain applications: improved deep-rooted stability; excellent optical clarity; and, enhanced bioavailability due to its nanoscale of particles. Though there is still comparatively narrow insight apropos design, development, and optimization of NEs, which mainly stems from the fact that conventional characteristics of emulsion development and stabilization only partly apply to NEs. The contemporary article focuses on the nanoemulsion dosage form journey from concept to key application in drug delivery. In addition, industrial scalability of the nanoemulsion, as well as its presence in commercial and clinical practice, are also addressed.

An Overview of Excipients Classification and Their Use in Pharmaceuticals

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cansel Kose Ozkan ◽  
Ozgur Esim ◽  
Ayhan Savaser ◽  
Yalcin Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Product Identification ◽  
Direct Administration ◽  
Active Substances

: The content and the application of pharmaceutical dosage forms must meet several basic requirements to ensure and maintain efficiency, safety and quality. A large number of active substances have limited ability to direct administration. Excipients are generally used to overcome the limitation of direct administration of these active substances. However, the function, behavior and composition of the excipients need to be well known in the design, development and production of pharmaceutical dosage forms. In this review, excipients used to assist in any pharmaceutical dosage form production processes of drugs, to preserve, promote or increase stability, bioavailability and patient compliance, to assist in product identification / separation, or to enhance overall safety and effectiveness of the drug delivery system during storage or use are explained. Moreover, the use of these excipients in drug delivery systems are identified. Excipient toxicity, which is an issue discussed in the light of current studies, also discussed in this review.

Versatile Use of Nanosponge in the Pharmaceutical Arena: A Mini-Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359
Author(s):  
Shubham Shrestha ◽  
Sankha Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Drug delivery for a long time has been a major problem in the pharmaceutical field. The development of a new Nano-carrier system called nanosponge has shown the potential to solve the problem. Nanosponge has a porous structure and can entrap the drug in it. It can carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They also provide controlled release of the drugs and can also protect various substances from degradation. Nanosponge can increase the solubility of drugs and can also be formulated into an oral, topical and parenteral dosage form. The current review explores different preparation techniques, characterization parameters, as well as various applications of nanosponge. Various patents related to nanosponge drug delivery system have been discussed in this study.

Design and Optimization of Chronotherapeutic Dosage Form for the Treatment of Angina Pectoris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Singh ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Time Specific

Background: The chronotherapy concept attains considerable focus towards itself due to its pulsatile fashion rather than continuous delivery. The delivery of the right amount of drug to the target organ at the most appropriate time is fulfilled by using the chronotherapeutic dosage form. Aim: The present study aims to develop and evaluate a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system by using natural polymer for time specific drug delivery at the target site. Material and Method: Tamarind seed polysaccharide was extracted and used in the preparation of core tablets. Nine formulations of core tablets were prepared with nifedipine at 5 tonnes of pressure on 6 mm punch. The core tablets were prepared by using the compression coating method. The three batches F1, F2 and F3 were prepared by using tamarind gum in different concentration i.e. 45%, 22.5% and 67.5% respectively and compressed at 8 tonnes of pressure on 12 mm of punch. The finally compressed tablet was coated with different concentrations of ethyl cellulose in which isopropyl alcohol used as a solvent. In a controlled medium, a stability study was performed to evaluate the physical appearance, drug content and release of the prepared core tablet. Result: All the nine formulations of tablets were prepared successfully and the evaluation studies (thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability etc.) revealed that all the formulations were within the official range. The release study of the drug revealed that the formulation F7 containing 67.5% of tamarind polymer, coated with 2%, 4% and 5% of ethyl cellulose solution released 59.68±1.03% (Q50%) drug within 5 h whereas, 87.09±2.08% (Q80%) within 6 h and within 12 h 97.74±2.19% of the drug was released. The formulation F7 was found to be more effective as it released the maximum amount of drug in a short period as compared with other formulations. Conclusion: The coating of core tablets allowed to prepare pharmaceutical dosage form for time specific drug delivery. These chronotherapeutic core tablets can be used for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension etc.

scholarly journals A DETAILED REVIEW ON THE TYPES AND APPLICATIONS OF NANOPARTICLES OR NANOMEDICINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Nutan Kumari ◽  
Ankita Tripathi ◽  
Sapna Chaudhar ◽  
Bhawna Mehta ◽  
Khushboo Bhardawaj
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Molecular Materials ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Site Of Action

Nanoparticles are an emerging field of modern science. It is solid colloidal particles. They consist of micro molecular materials in which the active ingredients is dissolved, entrapped or encapsulated or adsorbed or attached. The size of nanoparticles ranges from 1 to 100 nm. It can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Nanoparticles are used in various purposes like in drug delivery, in food, in medicine, in cosmetics etc. There are lots of advantages of nanomedicine over other dosage form. Nanoparticles show high solubility as well as higher bioavailability on site of action. This review focuses on synthesis, biosynthesis, types, application, advantage, disadvantage, limitation of nanoparticle.

scholarly journals FAKTOR PENYEBAB MEDICATION ERROR PADA PELAYANAN KEFARMASIAN RAWAT INAP BANGSAL ANAK RSUD TOBELO

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Steyfan Benawan ◽  
Gayatri Citraningtyas ◽  
Weny I Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Medication Error ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Drug Preparation ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Patient Medication ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Concrete Action

ABSTRACT The incidence of Medication Error (ME) is found to be quite high in prescribing pediatric patients. The high problem of ME in pediatric patients shows the need for concrete action to reduce the incidence so the incident that harm pediatric patients can be avoided. The purpose of the research is to know the causes of ME in the prescribing and dispensing phase. This research using descriptive study with prospective data collection techniques. This result showed that causative factors of the ME prescribing phase work disturbances which were disturbed by telephone ringing, include workloads that are health workers unable to solve themselves every job, communication such as lack of good oral communication of doctors and pharmacist about drug use for patients, environmental conditions that were lighting that were less supportive at work, and education namely prescription writing that does not meet the prescription completeness requirements. Factors that cause ME dispensing work disturbances which were disturbed by telephone ringing, communication that is lacking in communication between pharmacist and nurses in preparing patient medication, include workloads that are health workers unable to solve themselves every job, environmental conditions namely the absence of drug preparation, and education rooms preparations of drugs that are not according to the prescription.Keywords: Medication error, hospitalization, pediatric ward. ABSTRAK Kejadian Medication Error (ME) ditemukan cukup tinggi pada resep pasien anak. Tingginya permasalahan ME pada pasien anak menunjukan perlunya tindakan nyata untuk mengurangi kejadian tersebut agar dapat dihindari hal-hal yang merugikan bagi pasien anak. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengetahui faktor penyebab ME pada fase prescribing dan dispensing. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan data secara prospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab ME fase prescribing meliputi gangguan bekerja yaitu terganggu dengan dering telepon, beban kerja yaitu tenaga kesehatan tidak mampu mengerjakan sendiri setiap pekerjaan, komunikasi yaitu kurang baiknya komunikasi lisan dokter dan apoteker tentang penggunaan obat untuk pasien, kondisi lingkungan yaitu pencahayaan yang kurang mendukung saat bekerja, dan edukasi yaitu penulisan resep yang tidak memenuhi syarat kelengkapan resep. Faktor penyebab ME fase dispensing meliputi gangguan bekerja yaitu terganggu dengan dering telepon, komunikasi yaitu kurang baiknya komunikasi apoteker dan perawat dalam penyiapan obat pasien, beban kerja yaitu tenaga kesehatan tidak mampu menyelesaikan sendiri setiap pekerjaan, kondisi lingkungan yaitu tidak adanya ruangan penyiapan obat, dan edukasi yaitu penyiapan obat yang tidak sesuai permintaan resep.Kata Kunci: Medication error, rawat inap, bangsal anak.

scholarly journals A REVIEW: ANTI-CANCER NATURAL PRODUCT DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM DOSAGE FORM AND EVALUATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
RIZKA KHOIRUNNISA GUNTINA ◽  
IYAN SOPYAN ◽  
ADE ZUHROTUN
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
New Drug

A drug delivery system is a system in which a drug is released from a pharmaceutical dosage form to achieve the desired pharmacological effect. The system consists of conventional and new drug delivery systems. In the new drug delivery system, polymers are used as a matrix. The aim of this article is to find out and understand the formulation and evaluation of natural ingredients that have anticancer activity with different dosage forms and the basis for developing these dosages. Journal searches in this review came from primary data sources on the internet. Journal searches were carried out using a search engine such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. In recent years, natural products, such as extract, fraction, and isolate, are getting attention to help treat cancer. Because of their low solubility and bioavailability, the effectiveness tends to be lower than synthetic drugs. Therefore, a dosage form with a new drug delivery system was made to overcome the problem. The dosage forms commonly made are patch, suspension, powder, and emulsion with a new drug delivery system. To ensure the product that has been made met the requirements, they need to be evaluated with various methods like In vitro Study, morphology study, particle size study, and others. Cancer treatment using the natural product can be delivered through several dosage forms like patch, suspension, powder, and emulsion, with specific formulation and manufacturing methods based on several considerations such as natural ingredients properties, dosage form selection, excipient properties, and the purpose of the formulation. Dosage forms that has been made are then evaluated using several evaluation methods.

SELF-EMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM CONTAINING ACECLOFENAC: DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT USING QUALITY BY DESIGN (QBD) CONCEPT

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (06) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
V Suthar ◽  
◽  
M Gokel ◽  
S Butani ◽  
A Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Quality By Design ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Design Development

The aim of the present study was to develop self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of aceclofenac for potential improvement in the in vitro dissolution. The Food and Drug Control Agency (FDCA) has put more stress on the quality, safety and efficacy of the dosage form. The use of design of experiments and quality by Design (QbD) in the development of self emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) containing aceclofenac is demonstrated. The optimum formulation contained Labrafil M 1944 CS, Tween 80 and Transcutol P. The systematic approach enabled us in identifying the design space. The results revealed that while devising the control strategies during manufacturing, more attention should be focused on the ratios of oil to surfactant and surfactant to co-surfactant. The drug was released at a faster rate due to a large surface area. The current approach enabled us to develop a dosage form which is economic, patient-friendly and does not require assistance of a doctor or nurse, especially at remote places at odd hours.

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