scholarly journals BIOPESTISIDA DARI EKSTRAK DAUN PANGI (Pangium sp.) TERHADAP SERANGGA Plutella xylostella DI SULAWESI UTARA

EUGENIA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Salaki ◽  
Evie Paendong ◽  
Jantje Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
One Way Anova

ABSTRACT   Searching the plants in which can produce biopesticides, such as antifeedant to control the insect pests, it attracted the attention of worldwide researches. It is due to in the crop protection, the compounds of antifeedant do not kill, repel or entrap insects, but just inhibit the insect's appetite, so that the food crops or the commodity can be protected. Plutella xylostella (L) is the insect pests which is cosmopolitantly distributed in. Its attacks could damage vegetables resulting in loss of quantitative and qualitative. To overcome these problems, need to develop a means of pest control, which are effective but environmental friendly. North Sulawesi has a lot of plants, which is potentially developed as a source of botanical insecticides. Pangi Plant (Pangium sp.) is a plant species which potentially developed and effective against several types of insect pests, but testing by using crude extract can give varies results depending on the type of extract used, the test insects and environment factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of leaf extracts pangi (Pangium sp.) as antifeedant against Plutella xylostella. The method used is the method of Qin et al. (2004). To determine the class of active compounds to extract the thick antifeedant have done by taking each extract to make a concentrations of 1% (w / v), 5% (w / v), and 10% (w / v). Data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA). The results showed that, the leaf extract of condensed pangi were able to inhibit the feeding activity of the larvae of P. xylostella. Keywords : biopesticide, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella ABSTRAK   Penelusuran tumbuh-tumbuhan yang dapat menghasilkan biopestisida, seperti anti makan (antifeedant) untuk mengendalikan hama serangga, sangat menarik perhatian para peneliti di seluruh dunia. Hal ini disebabkan karena dalam perlindungan tanaman, senyawa anti makan tidak membunuh, mengusir atau menjerat serangga hama, tetapi hanya menghambat selera makan dari serangga tersebut, sehingga tanaman pangan atau komoditi dapat terlindungi. Plutella xylostella (L) merupakan serangga hama yang penyebarannya bersifat kosmopolitan. Serangan ini dapat merusak tanaman sayuran mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu dikembangkan sarana pengendalian hama yang efektif tetapi ramah lingkungan. Sulawesi Utara memiliki banyak tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber insektisida botani. Tanaman pangi (Pangium sp.) adalah  jenis tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan efektif terhadap beberapa jenis serangga hama, namun pengujian dengan menggunakan ekstrak kasar dapat memberikan hasil yang beragam tergantung dari jenis ekstrak yang digunakan, faktor serangga uji dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi ekstrak daun pangi (Pangium sp.) sebagai anti makan terhadap P. xylostella. Metode yang digunakan adalah  metode Qin et al. (2004). Untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa aktif anti makan terhadap ekstrak kental dilakukan dengan mengambil masing-masing ekstrak untuk dibuat konsentrasi 1 % (b/v), 5 % (b/v), dan 10 % (b/v). Data dianalisa dengan analisis varians (One-way Anova). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ekstrak kental daun pangi mampu menghambat aktivitas makan dari larva P. xylostella.  Eugenia Volume 18  No. 3  Desember 2012 Kata Kunci : biopestisida, Pangium sp., Plutella xylostella

Insecticidal Activities of the Leaf Extract of the Invasive Alien Plant, Chromolaena odorata (L.) (Asteraceae) Against Macrotermes species (Termites)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
O. Uyi, ◽  
I.G. Amolo ◽  
A.D. Adetimehin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Invasive Alien Plant ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Worker Caste

Several studies have demonstrated the biological efficacy of leaf, stem and root powders or extracts of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and Robinson against insect pests but those that are focused on the biological efficacy of aqueous leaf extracts against Macrotermes species are scanty. Current management of termites with synthetic insecticides is being discouraged due to human and environmental hazards. Therefore, the insecticidal effectiveness of aqueous leaf extract C. odorata against Macrotermes species was investigated. Five concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0% (w/v)) of the aqueous extract of C. odorata plant were evaluated for repellency and toxicity on the worker caste of Macrotermes species following standard procedures. The filter paper impregnation technique was used for the bioassay. Percentage repellency was monitored for 30 minutes and mortality recorded at 12, 24 and 36 hours post exposure. The leaf extract of C. odorata significantly repelled 95% of Macrotermes species at the highest concentration of 10% (w/v) after 30 minutes post treatment exposure. Mortality of Macrotermes species was independent of treatment concentration, but dependent on duration of exposure. All treatment concentrations of aqueous leaf extract of C. odorata caused significant mortality against Macrotermes species ranging between 94% and 98% compared to the control; indicating very great potential for adoption and use in the management of Macrotermes species.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) sebagai Insektisida Nabati untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura F.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Kartina Kartina ◽  
Shulkipli Shulkipli ◽  
Mardhiana Mardhiana ◽  
Saat Egra
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<h1>Spodoptera litura F. is one of the important pests in Horticulture commodities which can cause damage 80% and up to 100%. Karamunting (Melastome malabathricum) is a wild plant that grows in Tarakan City. This plant is known to contain secondary metabolites which are thought to have the potential to control pests. This study aims to determine the potential of Karamunting extract as a botanical insecticide material to control armyworms. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 1 treatment factor, namely the concentration of Karamunting leaf extract. Potential extracts as botanical insecticides were tested by dye method using 4 concentrations, namely 0 (control); 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; and 8000 ppm. The results showed that Karamunting leaf extract was able to control armyworm pests. Giving extracts of 8000 ppm (P5) in feed caused the highest decrease in eating activity up to 41,2%, larval mortality up to 85%, and the highest mortality rate after 7 days of observation. Decreased feeding activity and larval mortality were thought to be influenced by the presence of phenol compounds, fatty acids, terpenoids, sterols and alkaloids identified in the extract. Thus, Karamunting leaf extract has the potential to be developed as an active ingredient in botanical insecticides to control armyworm.<strong></strong></h1>

EVALUATION OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACTS OF SIDA ACUTA AND CHROMOLAENA ODORATA ON INSECT PESTS OF CELOSIA ARGENTEA L. AND AMARANTHUS CRUENTUS L

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-338
Author(s):  
Samuel Femi Babatunde ◽  
Abdulrazaq Kannike Musa ◽  
Emmanuel Tochukwu Nneji ◽  
L. I. Gambari
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Celosia Argentea ◽  
Better Than

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of leaf extracts of Sida acuta Burm. f. and Chromolaena odorata L. in controlling insect pests of Celosia argentea L. and Amaranthus cruentus L. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and the treatments were replicated three times.  Extracts obtained from the plants at 240 g/L of ethanol were applied as botanical insecticides. These extracts were examined along with a synthetic insecticide (Cypermethrin) including untreated control. Data were collected on number of Cletus spp. and Hymenia recurvalis per plant. Result shows that C. argentea sole treated with S. acuta and C. odorata was not infested by Cletus spp., and significantly (p<0.05) different from A. cruentus and C. argentea intercrop treated with S. acuta and C. odorata at 2 weeks after treatment. C. argentea treated with S. acuta had the least number of H. recurvalis (1.00) which was not significantly (p>0.05) different from Cypermethrin in both sole and intercrop at 4 WAT. A. cruentus and C. argentea planted sole or in intercrop treated with botanical and synthetic insecticides had lower numbers of H. curvalis which were significantly different from untreated control at 8 and 10 WAT. This study showed that S. acuta performed better than C. odorata against the target insect pests and therefore recommended for incorporation into Integrated Pest Management irrespective of whether sole or intercropping was adopted

scholarly journals Insecticidal effect of from three Hypericum species extracts against Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium confusum

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Yaman ◽  
Şeyda Şimşek
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Tribolium Confusum ◽  
Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Stored Grain ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Hypericum Species ◽  
Control Insect

ABSTRACT The search for new plant natural products with insecticidal properties to control insect pests in agriculture has gained relevance in the past decades. The aim of the study was to investigate the insecticidal activity of extracts derived from flower, leaf, and stem of three Hypericum species (Hypericum heterophyllum, Hypericum perforatum, Hypericum scabrum) against the adults of three important stored grain insect pests namely; Sitophilus oryzae (Curculionidae), Rhyzopertha dominica (Bostrichidae) and Tribolium confusum (Tenebrionidae). The insects were incubated with the food under 10% concentration of Hypericum extracts and the mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. The extracts of the Hypericum species and exposure time were found to have statistically significant effective against the three insect pests. After 72 h exposure, the mortality ranged from 4.3 to 94.1 % for all insects. Among tested insects, R. dominica was more susceptible than T. confusum and S. oryzae. Although desirable insecticidal effect against the insects were recorded from all the three Hypericum species, the leaf extract of H. perforatum was more effective on R. dominica, while the flower and stem of H. scabrum displayed high toxic effect on T. confusum and S. oryzae, respectively. The leaf extracts, of H. perforatum, in particular, may be used as source of new potential botanical insecticides against R. dominica in stored grains.

scholarly journals TANAMAN KECUBUNG (Datura metel L.) SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU INSEKTISIDA BOTANIS UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN HAMA Aspidomorpha milliaris F.

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
HERWITA IDRIS
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Prereproductive Period ◽  
Volume Decrease

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Kecubung (Datura metel L.) adalah salah satu tanaman obat<br />tradisional yang berpotensi sebagai sumber insektisida botanis, namun<br />sampai saat ini belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk<br />mengetahui efektivitas tanaman kecubung sebagai bahan insektisida<br />botanis, terhadap serangga Aspidomorpha milliaris F (Coleoptera:<br />Crysomelidae). Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Laing Solok mulai bulan April<br />sampai Oktober 2012, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (9<br />perlakuan dan 3 ulangan). Perlakuan yang diuji adalah ekstrak daun<br />kecubung pada konsentrasi 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, dan<br />3500 ppm, serta 0 ppm sebagai kontrol. Perlakuan diaplikasikan secara<br />kontak maupun non kontak. Serangga uji yang dipakai pada setiap<br />perlakuan adalah 20 ekor larva instar III, IV, V, VI, dan 10 ekor imago.<br />Parameter pengamatan meliputi persentase kematian, penurunan volume<br />makan larva dan imago, fekunditas, serta periode prereproduktif imago.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun kecubung yang diaplikasikan<br />secara kontak lebih toksik dibandingkan dengan non kontak. Ekstrak daun<br />kecubung kosentrasi 3500 ppm bersifat toksik, menolak makan, dan<br />mengurangi fekunditas A. milliaris. Tingkat kematian larva A. milliaris<br />instar III, IV, V, dan VI berkisar 28,46-39,51%, sedangkan penurunan<br />volume makan sebesar 10,44-15,76%. Fekunditas A. milliaris menurun<br />21,77%. Oleh karena itu, ekstrak daun kecubung dapat dikembangkan<br />sebagai insektisida botanis.<br />Kata kunci: kecubung, insektisida botanis, Aspidomorpha milliaris F.</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Amethyst (Datura metel L) is one of a potential plants used as raw<br />material of botanical insecticides, but until now it had not been prived.<br />The purpose of the research is to determine the potential of the amethyst<br />as a botanical insecticide to Aspidomorpha milliaris F. (Coleoptera:<br />Crysomelidae). The research carried out in Laing Solok Experimental<br />Garden from April to October 2012, in a completely randomized design (9<br />treatments and 3 replications). The treatments were amethyst leaf aqueous<br />extract at concentrations of 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3500<br />ppm, and 0 ppm as a control. The treatments were applied contact and<br />non-contact. Test insects used in each treatment was 20 larvae instar III,<br />IV, V, VI and 10 imagos. Observation parameters include the mortality<br />percentage and eating volume decrease of larvae and imago, fecundity,<br />and imago prereproductive period. The results showed that the leaf extract<br />amethyst which were applied contactly was more toxic than the non-<br />contact. The amethyst leaf extracts at 3500 ppm concentration are toxic. It<br />also could refuse to eat and reduce fecundity of A. milliari. The mortality<br />rate for larval instar III, IV, V, and VI ranged 28.46-39.51%, while a<br />decrease of eat volume ranged 10.44-15.76%. The fecundity of A.<br />milliaris decreased 21.77%. Therefore, the leaf amethyst extract can be<br />developed as a botanical insecticide.<br />Keywords: amethyst, botanical insecticides, Aspidomorpha milliaris, F</p>

Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Rima Folentia ◽  
M Yusuf MF
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 ​​house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly.   Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

Antibacterial Activities of Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Leaf Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Puspa Julistia Puspita ◽  
Mega Safithri ◽  
Nirmala Peni Sugiharti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Herbal Plants

Piper crocatum is one of medicinal herbal plants with a large number of benefits. Usually herbal plants have activity as antibacterial agent. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to obtain information on antibacterial activities of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum againts four types of bacteria, in that Staphylococcus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then to analyze the phytochemistry of the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum. The leaves of Piper crocatum were extracted by maceration and reflux using ethanol 30%. The assays of the antibacterial activities and phytochemistry on the extracts were carried out using the method of Maria Bintang. Results showed that the yield of the extraction using ethanol by maceration method was 20.8%. Meanwhile, using the reflux method, the yield was obtained about 26.25%. The phytochemistry analysis showed that the leaf extracts of Piper crocatum contained alkaloid, steroid and tanin. According to this study, it was found that the leaf extract of Piper crocatum can be used to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeuruginosa, but can not inhibit the growth of E.coli and S. aureus.

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN MIMBA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HAMA Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera : Bruchidae)

AGRICA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Yustina M.S.W Puu ◽  
Hildegardis Nalti Nansi
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Contact Poison ◽  
Neem Leaf Extract

Callosobruchus Chinensis is a pest that damages mung bean seeds in storage and causes damage to both the quality and quantity of seeds. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of neem leaf extracts in suppressing the development of the Callosobruchus Chinensis pest as one of the postharvest pests in the commodity green beans. This research conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Flores, by using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The concentration of neem leaf extract treatment is 0 ml / l, 25 ml / l, 30 ml / l, 35 ml / l, and 40 ml / l. The results showed that the concentration of neem leaf extract 40 ml / l caused mortality of C. Chinensis imago as contact poison by 99% and nerve poison by 47%. While the effectiveness of the limb leaf extract on spawning activity was 86%.

Adaptive Mechanisms of Insect Pests Against Plant Protease Inhibitors and Future Prospects Related to Crop Protection: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Macedo ◽  
Caio de Oliveira ◽  
Poliene Costa ◽  
Elaine Castelhano ◽  
Marcio Silva-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Protease

scholarly journals Characterization of Phytoconstituents from Alcoholic Extracts of Four Woody Species and Their Potential Uses for Management of Six Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Identified from Some Plant Hosts

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Mohamed Z. M. Salem ◽  
Abeer A. Mohamed ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Dunia A. Al Al Farraj
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Conium Maculatum

Background: Trees are good sources of bioactive compounds as antifungal and antioxidant activities. Methods: Management of six molecularly identified Fusarium oxysporum isolates (F. oxy 1, F. oxy 2, F. oxy 3, F. oxy 4, F. oxy 5 and F. oxy 6, under the accession numbers MW854648, MW854649, MW854650, MW854651, and MW854652, respectively) was assayed using four extracts from Conium maculatum leaves, Acacia saligna bark, Schinus terebinthifolius wood and Ficus eriobotryoides leaves. All the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-VWD for phenolic and flavonoid compounds and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid (BCB) bleaching assays. Results: In mg/kg extract, the highest amounts of polyphenolic compounds p-hydroxy benzoic, benzoic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids, with 444.37, 342.16, 311.32 and 117.87, respectively, were observed in C. maculatum leaf extract; gallic and benzoic acids with 2551.02, 1580.32, respectively, in A. saligna bark extract; quinol, naringenin, rutin, catechol, and benzoic acid with 2530.22, 1224.904, 798.29, 732.28, and 697.73, respectively, in S. terebinthifolius wood extract; and rutin, o-coumaric acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, resveratrol, and rosmarinic acid with 9168.03, 2016.93, 1009.20, 1156.99, and 574.907, respectively, in F. eriobotryoides leaf extract. At the extract concentration of 1250 mg/L, the antifungal activity against the growth of F. oxysporum strains showed that A. saligna bark followed by C. maculatum leaf extracts had the highest inhibition percentage of fungal growth (IPFG%) against F. oxy 1 with 80% and 79.5%, F. oxy 2 with 86.44% and 78.9%, F. oxy 3 with 86.4% and 84.2%, F. oxy 4 with 84.2, and 82.1%, F. oxy 5 with 88.4% and 86.9%, and F. oxy 6 with 88.9, and 87.1%, respectively. For the antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract from C. maculatum leaves showed the lowest concentration that inhibited 50% of DPPH free radical (3.4 μg/mL). Additionally, the same extract observed the lowest concentration (4.5 μg/mL) that inhibited BCB bleaching. Conclusions: Extracts from A. saligna bark and C. maculatum leaves are considered potential candidates against the growth of F. oxysporum isolates—a wilt pathogen—and C. maculatum leaf as a potent antioxidant agent.

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