scholarly journals METHODS FOR ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION LEVELS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Denys Bakhtiiarov ◽  
Oleksandr Lavrynenko ◽  
Nataliia Lishchynovska ◽  
Ivan Basiuk ◽  
Tetiana Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
Structural Diagram ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Acoustic Information

Methods for synthesis a structural diagram of the processes for detecting and locating technical information leakage channels are analysed. Software for defining a controlled room zone was also presented. A proprietary approach to search the electromagnetic environment under radio interference has been developed to detect devices for unauthorized control of acoustic information using microphones and transmission of this information using a radio channel.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic radiation-based IC device identification and verification using deep learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-xin Zhang ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xiao-tong Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Descent Method ◽  
Gradient Descent Method ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Device Identification ◽  
Multifactor Authentication

Abstract The electromagnetic radiation of electronic equipment carries information and can cause information leakage, which poses a serious threat to the security system; especially the information leakage caused by encryption or other important equipment will have more serious consequences. In the past decade or so, the attack technology and means for the physical layer have developed rapidly. And system designers have no effective method for this situation to eliminate or defend against threats with an absolute level of security. In recent years, device identification has been developed and improved as a physical-level technology to improve the security of integrated circuit (IC)-based multifactor authentication systems. Device identification tasks (including device identification and verification) are accomplished by monitoring and exploiting the characteristics of the IC’s unintentional electromagnetic radiation, without requiring any modification and process to hardware devices, thereby providing versatility and adapting existing hardware devices. Device identification based on deep residual networks and radio frequency is a technology applicable to the physical layer, which can improve the security of integrated circuit (IC)-based multifactor authentication systems. Device identification tasks (identification and verification) are accomplished by passively monitoring and utilizing the inherent properties of IC unintended RF transmissions without requiring any modifications to the analysis equipment. After the device performs a series of operations, the device is classified and identified using a deep residual neural network. The gradient descent method is used to adjust the network parameters, the batch training method is used to speed up the parameter tuning speed, the parameter regularization is used to improve the generalization, and finally, the Softmax classifier is used for classification. In the end, 28 chips of 4 models can be accurately identified into 4 categories, then the individual chips in each category can be identified, and finally 28 chips can be accurately identified, and the verification accuracy reached 100%. Therefore, the identification of radio frequency equipment based on deep residual network is very suitable as a countermeasure for implementing the device cloning technology and is expected to be related to various security issues.

scholarly journals Expanded and combined uncertainty in measurements by GM counters

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koviljka Stankovic ◽  
Danijela Arandjic ◽  
Djordje Lazarevic ◽  
Predrag Osmokrovic
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Random Variable ◽  
Cosmic Background Radiation ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Technological Solution ◽  
Cosmic Background ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Reading System

This paper deals with possible ways of obtaining expanded and combined uncertainty in measurements for four types of GM counters with a same counter?s tube, in cases when the contributors of these uncertainties are cosmic background radiation and induced overvoltage phenomena. Nowadays, as a consequence of electromagnetic radiation, the latter phenomenon is especially marked in urban environments. Based on experimental results obtained, it has been established that the uncertainties of an influenced random variable ?number of pulses from background radiation? and ?number of pulses induced by overvoltage? depend on the technological solution of the counter?s reading system and contribute in different ways to the expanded and combined uncertainty in measurements of the applied types of GM counters.

scholarly journals Channel State Estimation in LTE-Based Heterogenous Networks Using Deep Learning

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7716
Author(s):  
Krzysztof K. Cwalina ◽  
Piotr Rajchowski ◽  
Alicja Olejniczak ◽  
Olga Błaszkiewicz ◽  
Robert Burczyk
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Radio Channel ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Data Allocation ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Radio Interface ◽  
Channel State Estimation

Following the continuous development of the information technology, the concept of dense urban networks has evolved as well. The powerful tools, like machine learning, break new ground in smart network and interface design. In this paper the concept of using deep learning for estimating the radio channel parameters of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) radio interface is presented. It was proved that the deep learning approach provides a significant gain (almost 40%) with 10.7% compared to the linear model with the lowest RMSE (Root Mean Squared Error) 17.01%. The solution can be adopted as a part of the data allocation algorithm implemented in the telemetry devices equipped with the 4G radio interface, or, after the adjustment, the NB-IoT (Narrowband Internet of Things), to maximize the reliability of the services in harsh indoor or urban environments. Presented results also prove the existence of the inverse proportional dependence between the number of hidden layers and the number of historical samples in terms of the obtained RMSE. The increase of the historical data memory allows using models with fewer hidden layers while maintaining a comparable RMSE value for each scenario, which reduces the total computational cost.

Experimental researches of the characteristics of antennas in the presence of electromagnetic screens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Shlyahov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Interference Frequency ◽  
Spaced Antennas ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
Antenna Systems

When placing various antenna systems in a confined space, one has to deal with a complex electromagnetic environment and insufficient isolation between the antennas. And, although the methods of ensuring electromagnetic compatibility of such groups of radio electronic means are well known, taking into account the peculiarities of the objects under consideration, they have very limited application. The use of innovative technologies developing in recent years, including the use of screens made of metamaterials, makes it possible to significantly expand the "limits of applicability" of these methods. As the studies have shown, the screen made of metamaterial has special characteristics in comparison with traditional screens, namely: at the operating frequency of the antenna, the screen is practically permeable to electromagnetic radiation, and at the interference frequency it becomes low-transparent and works as a reflector. The results can be used to improve isolation between closely spaced antennas, such as at the tops of towers or masts.

The Acoustical Presentation of Technical Information

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Acoustic Information ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

This article advocates listening to technical information in much the same way as scientists and engineers currently look at graphics in order to gain an understanding of the relations among variables. It specifies a number of potential benefits of this approach. 1) The ability to hear data may contribute to the greater understanding of the relationships that lie within data. This may lead to alternative theoretical interpretations and explanations. 2) Listening to the data may produce a greater long-term understanding. 3) It will facilitate the understanding of technical information by individuals whose dominant learning modality is acoustic rather than visual. 4) Acoustic data analysis is ideally suited for the analysis of processual data. The article provides a demonstration of the presentation of acoustic information with data on the frequency of television viewing, 1950–1988.

The Analysis and Countermeasures for the Influencing Factors of Power Grid Engineering Electromagnetic Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 747-750
Author(s):  
You Quan Zhang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Shao Can Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Xiao Lei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Theoretical Prediction ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
Engineering Analysis ◽  
Electromagnetic Environment ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Technical Measures

In light of the increasingly prominent environmental problems and disputes of the power transmission transformation engineering, analysis many of the environmental impact of 500 kV power transmission transformation engineering, introduce the related standards of electromagnetic environmental impact, focusing on the analogy analysis and theoretical prediction for the electromagnetic environment around typical 500 kV power transmission transformation engineering , analysis the condition of the power frequency electromagnetic field and radio interference which generated by power transmission transformation engineering effects on the environment. put forward the countermeasures and technical measures to solve and alleviate the problem of environment .

scholarly journals ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING THE BOUNDARIES OF THE ZONE OF INTERFERENCE OPERATION OF THE RADIO CHANNEL OF THE UHF / VHF RANGE COMMUNICATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF OPERATION OF THE RADIOSHENOPRIAD SOURCE SYSTEM AT DIFFERENT HEIGHTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (37) ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
O. Iohov ◽  
◽  
V. Maliuk ◽  
Ye. Kaplun ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Channel ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Directional Antenna ◽  
Mobile Radio ◽  
Signal Interference ◽  
Radio Interference ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Optimal Orientation ◽  
Reception Area

A method for determining the limits of the maximum size of the stable radio reception area in the UHF / VHF range for mobile radio communication under the conditions of the radio interference system is proposed. The radio is intended to use a directional antenna or screen. Increasing the size of the stable radio reception area is provided by the optimal orientation at each point of the antenna device in azimuth and angle using the model of the radio channel, which allows to calculate the signal / interference ratio taking into account the spatial location of radio interference sources and digital 3D antenna pattern. receiver. The problem of determining the boundaries of the zone of stable radio exchange of mobile radio means using directional antennas in the conditions of real interference is formulated in the form of the problem of finding a single isoline in a scalar field. To determine the coordinates of the points of the map belonging to the isoline, a modification of the wave algorithm is proposed, which is low complexity and unambiguous results. Examples of practical use of the proposed numerical method allow us to conclude that the results are inconsistent with the data obtained in the known works by the analytical method for a particular case. At the same time, the numerical approach used significantly expands the possibilities of calculations by taking into account the location of multiple sources of radio interference at different altitudes, as well as the optimal orientation of the digital 3D - pattern of the antenna device of the signal receiver. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by increasing the area of the noise-tolerant radio exchange zone by 2.8 times in relation to the option of using a mobile radio with a dipole antenna. For the case of optimal orientation of the directional antenna of the receiver by the azimuth angle, additional optimization by the angle of the place gives a gain of 1.5 times.

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