scholarly journals The role of the technical standard of roads due to traffic safety at nighttime

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Zielinkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Technical Standard ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Determinants ◽  
Accident Estimation

Accident statistics and previous research directly indicate an increased accident risk during deterioration of natural lighting conditions. This increased risk is mainly determined by so-called “human impact”, connected with perception limitations and recognition of situations by nighttime traffic participants. Proper road infrastructure solutions are essential for improvement of driver’s road vision at nighttime. Planning of such solutions requires proper identification of set of accident risk determinants at nighttime. In this paper the attempt to identify of such determinants was performed and the hypothesis that the technical standard of roads is the main infrastructural determinant influencing accident risk at nighttime was verified. Validity of this assumption results from the fact that lower technical standard accompanies lower requirements regarding limits of geometrical parameters, roadside equipment and access control. Thus, with lower technical standard, problems concerning the influence of infrastructure on road safety should appear, especially during nighttime conditions. On the basis of regression accident estimation models, main infrastructural determinants of higher accident risk at nighttime were identified and some design recommendations were formulated.

Violation of the conditions of the insolution regime in trends of modern construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Myroslava Schevchuk ◽  
Svitlana Verkalets ◽  
Serhiy Schevchuk ◽  
Mykola Danylyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Natural Health ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Building Insulation ◽  
Holding Back ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The purpose of the work is analysis of violations of natural lighting conditions (insolation) in residential buildings, because in the modern conditions of construction the role of direct sunlight as a natural health factor has increased significantly, multi-storied buildings in cities are becoming increasingly detached from natural conditions. Method. The methodology is based on a comprehensive and objective analysis of the SSTC-R B normative document R.2.2-27: 2010 “Guidance on the Calculation of Civilian Object Insolation”. Results. It has been investigated during the process of analysis that the regulation and calculation of insolation is the most acute economic and social-legal problem. With the transition of land usage and construction to the market basis, building insulation rates have become a major factor in holding back investors, landlords and tenants from seeking to redevelop urban development in order to maximize profits. Scientific novelty. Imperfect normalization was found under the current conditions in the course of the research, which can lead to serious errors in the design and evaluation of the insulation regime of the apartment and the house as a whole. The maximum shade mask of a new home shall correspond to the maximum possible height of the projected house or to the combination of the maximum heights of each individual section at which the insolation regime in the premises of the existing house or in the surrounding area shall meet the regulatory requirements or shall not deteriorate during the normalized period of insolation. If the insolation is interrupted more than once, then for the estimated duration of the insolation, the sum of the duration of the two largest insolation periods should be taken. Practical meaning. The results of the study may be useful in further studies of violation of natural light conditions, as well as the impact of residential development on insolation processes.

Role of prolactin in the photoperiodic control of moulting in the mink (Mustela vison)

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Martinet ◽  
D. Allain ◽  
C. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Summer Solstice ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Moulting Cycle ◽  
Short Days

ABSTRACT Beginning at the summer solstice adult female mink were maintained in long- or short-day photoperiods and treated with bromocriptine or prolactin. In control females kept under natural lighting conditions the moult coincided with the seasonal decrease in prolactin and resulted in the growth of a dense winter coat which was completed by the end of November. Long days, which slowed the decrease in plasma prolactin relative to animals in the natural photoperiod, induced a more or less complete moult followed by growth of a thin summer coat. On the contrary we observed an accelerated decrease in plasma prolactin concentrations followed by an early and brief moult in females kept under long days but treated with bromocriptine and in females under short days. The growth of a dense winter coat was completed by the end of September in all the females of the short-day group and in six of eleven females treated with bromocriptine. In the other five females, moult was followed by the growth of a summer coat. These results may suggest that the decline of prolactin after the summer solstice is responsible for the onset of the autumn moult, but the early, abbreviated moult and the growth of a winter coat observed in females kept under short days and treated with prolactin do not seem to support this hypothesis. However, the huge non-physiological levels of prolactin measured in the plasma of these females and the appearance of abnormal white under-hairs might suggest that the hormonal balance in this group was completely disturbed by the treatment. The physiological role of prolactin in the seasonal moulting cycle in mink is discussed. J. Endocr. (1984) 103,9–15

Daily illuminance levels affect pituitary prolactin in male rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija-Liisa Laakso ◽  
Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen ◽  
Aino Alila ◽  
Susanna Kajander ◽  
Dag Stenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Illuminance Level ◽  
Pituitary Prolactin

Abstract. The 24-h patterns of melatonin, PRL, and gonadotropins in male rats maintained under natural lighting conditions have been found to differ from the patterns in rats kept under artificial lighting. In the present experiments we studied the role of different daily illuminances as a possible causative factor for the variation of the hormonal patterns. Three groups of male rats were kept under artificial lighting conditions (12 h on/12 h off), where the daily illuminance was 550, 110 or 25 lux. After a 7-day adaptation period the pineal content of melatonin, the serum levels of LH, FSH and PRL, and the pituitary content of these hormones were measured by RIAs in samples taken at 10.00, 13.00, 22.00 and 01.00 h. The patterns of pineal melatonin were equal in all three groups. The variation of daily illuminance did not change the serum levels of LH, FSH and PRL or the pituitary content of the gonadotropins. However, the pituitary content of PRL during the light phase was inversely related to the illuminance. The results suggest that the intensity of daily lighting in the studied range does not affect the patterns of melatonin or gonadotropins, but the synthesis of prolactin may be significantly regulated by the daily illuminance level.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

Myocardial Noncompaction

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2209-2212
Author(s):  
Alexandru Radu Mihailovici ◽  
Vlad Padureanu ◽  
Carmen Valeria Albu ◽  
Venera Cristina Dinescu ◽  
Mihai Cristian Pirlog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Ventricular Noncompaction ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

Left ventricular noncompaction is a primary cardiomyopathy with genetic transmission in the vast majority of autosomal dominant cases. It is characterized by the presence of excessive myocardial trabecularities that generally affect the left ventricle. In diagnosing this condition, echocardiography is the gold standard, although this method involves an increased risk of overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis. There are also uncertain cases where echocardiography is inconclusive, a multimodal approach is needed, correlating echocardiographic results with those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. The clinical picture may range from asymptomatic patients to patients with heart failure, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias, thromboembolic events and even sudden cardiac death. There is no specific treatment of left ventricular noncompaction, but the treatment is aimed at preventing and treating the complications of the disease. We will present the case of a young patient with left ventricular noncompactioncardiomyopathy and highlight the essential role of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosing this rare heart disease.

Semi-Quantitative Ultrasonographic Evaluation of NAFLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (32) ◽  
pp. 3915-3927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Maria Di Girolamo ◽  
Maria Cristina Fontana ◽  
Mariano Capitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Progressive Liver Disease

: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces histopathological entities ranging from the relatively benign simple steatosis to the progressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is associated with fibrosis and an increased risk of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is the most common liver disease and is associated with extrahepatic comorbidities including a major cardiovascular disease burden. : The non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and the identification of subjects at risk of progressive liver disease and cardio-metabolic complications are key in implementing personalized treatment schedules and follow-up strategies. : In this review, we highlight the potential role of ultrasound semiquantitative scores for detecting and assessing steatosis severity, progression of NAFLD, and cardio-metabolic risk. : Ultrasonographic scores of fatty liver severity act as sensors of cardio-metabolic health and may assist in selecting patients to submit to second-line non-invasive imaging techniques and/or liver biopsy.

The GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Increase the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Subsequent Development of Diabetic Complications: A Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantan Nath ◽  
Sambuddha Das ◽  
Aditi Bhowmik ◽  
Sankar Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Yashmin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Gstm1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Studies pertaining to association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of T2DM and its complications were often inconclusive, thus spurring the present study.Methods:Meta-analysis of 25 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in determining the risk for T2DM and 17 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in development of T2DM related complications were conducted.Results:Our study revealed an association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphism with T2DM (GSTM1; OR=1.37;95% CI =1.10-1.70 and GSTT1; OR=1.29;95% CI =1.04-1.61) with an amplified risk of 2.02 fold for combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes. Furthermore, the GSTT1 null (OR=1.56;95%CI=1.38-1.77) and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes (OR=1.91;95%CI=1.25- 2.94) increased the risk for development of T2DM related complications, but not the GSTM1 null genotype. Stratified analyses based on ethnicity revealed GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for T2DM in both Caucasians and Asians, with Asians showing much higher risk of T2DM complications than Caucasians for the same. </P><P> Discussion: GSTM1, GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may be associated with increased risk for T2DM; while GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may increase the risk of subsequent development of T2DM complications with Asian population carrying an amplified risk for the polymorphism.Conclusion:Thus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, in combination or with regards to ethnicity.

Biopsychosocial Patterning of Multimorbidity and Its Consequences

2018 ◽  
pp. 220-236
Author(s):  
Elliot Friedman ◽  
Beth LeBreton ◽  
Lindsay Fuzzell ◽  
Elizabeth Wehrpsann
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Medical Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Life Research ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Over Time

By many estimates the majority of adults over age 65 have two or more chronic medical conditions (multimorbidity) and are consequently at increased risk of adverse functional outcomes. Nonetheless, many older adults with multimorbidity are able to maintain high levels of function and retain good quality of life. Research presented here is designed to understand the influences that help ensure better functional outcomes in these older adults. This chapter presents findings that draw on data from the Midlife in the United States study. The independent and interactive contributions of diverse factors to multimorbidity and changes in multimorbidity over time are reviewed. The degree that multimorbidity increases risk of cognitive impairment and disability is examined. The role of inflammation as a mediator is considered. Multimorbidity is increasingly the norm for older adults, so better understanding of factors contributing to variability in multimorbidity-related outcomes can lead to improved quality of life.

scholarly journals Vulnerable adults in police custody

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent National Appropriate Adult Network (NAAN) report on the role of the appropriate adult. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the NAAN report and a review of relevant policy and research literature. Findings There to Help 2 highlights that there are still significant gaps in the provision of appropriate adult schemes across England and Wales. These gaps potentially place vulnerable adults at increased risk. Originality/value This paper is a review of recent research.

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