Способ управления давлением в системе водоснабжения

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Khadeev
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Minimum Flow ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Pumping Stations

Предложен способ управления напором в сети при работе насосных станций второго подъема. Устройство состоит из асимметричного планетарного дифференциала, соединенного с электроиндукционной силовой муфтой скольжения. Способ позволяет сохранить максимальный коэффициент полезного действия насоса и обеспечить экономичность его работы во всем диапазоне регулирования. Устройство регулятора напора в сети можно оценить, сравнив расчетную величину его коэффициента полезного действия, который составляет не менее 94 для минимальных значений расхода, при которых регулирование сильно затруднено. При оптимальных расходах системы ощутимые потери отсутствуют. Синхронный электродвигатель наиболее устойчив к перегрузкам, а при минимальных расходах обеспечивает необходимый напор, потребляя минимальное количество электроэнергии и сохраняя при этом свои номинальные обороты. Механизм был реализован в моделях и подтверждает заявленные параметры. Пока такая схема регулирования не была апробирована на реальных объектах, и не исследованы ее технико-экономические параметры. Она может быть применена в системах регулирования напора городской линии водоснабжения, в системах регулирования на предприятиях и в установках индивидуального обеспечения водой в частном доме.A method for pressure control in the network during the operation of pumping stations of the second elevation is proposed. The device consists of an asymmetric planetary differential connected to an eddy-current slip clutch. The method provides for maintaining the maximum efficiency and economic operation of the pump in the entire regulating range. The design of the pressure regulator in the network can be estimated by comparing the calculated efficiency value that is at least 94 for the minimum flow rates whereby the regulation is very difficult. At the optimal flow rates in the system there are no tangible losses. The synchronous electric motor is most resistant to overloads while at the minimum flow rates it provides for the required pressure consuming the minimum amount of electricity and at the same time maintaining the rated rpm. The mechanism was implemented in models and proved the claimed parameters. The presented control scheme neither has been approbated at existing facilities, nor its technical and economic parameters have been investigated, so far. It can be used in pressure control systems of a municipal water supply system, in control systems at industrial enterprises and in individual water supply systems in private houses.

Оптимизация выбора диаметров трубопроводов водопроводной сети с учетом обеспечения противопожарных требований

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Primin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Supply Systems

При устройстве объединенных систем хозяйственно-питьевого и противопожарного водоснабжения значение распределительной сети возрастает еще больше, так как на нее возлагаются дополнительные функции по транспортировке больших расходов воды на пожаротушение. Обеспечение противопожарных требований в условиях значительного снижения водопотребления в большинстве городов России приводит к негативным последствиям, связанным с малыми (0,10,3 м/с и менее) скоростями течения и застаиванием воды на отдельных участках сети. Из-за этого возможно ухудшение органолептических свойств воды, что выражается в появлении привкусов, неприятных запахов, повышении мутности и цветности и т. д. В связи с этим требуется проведение мероприятий для оптимизации выбора диаметров труб, обеспечения и сохранения требуемого качества транспортируемой воды в наружных городских и распределительных сетях, гарантированного обеспечения требуемых норм на пожаротушение. Приведены результаты исследований и гидравлические расчеты по оценке минимально допустимых скоростей движения воды и минимальных диаметров труб внутриквартальных сетей с учетом обеспечения наружного и внутреннего пожара. Испытания проведены в реальных условиях кольцевой водопроводной сети города в зонах повышенного и пониженного давления.With the arrangement of combined drinking water and fire water supply systems, the importance of the distribution network increases even more, since additional functions are assigned to provide for the transportation of large amounts of water for firefighting. Meeting the firefighting requirements in conditions of a significant reduction in water consumption in most cities of Russia leads to negative consequences associated with low (0.10.3 m/s and less) flow rates and stagnation of water in some sections of the distribution network. Thereby, the organoleptic properties of water may deteriorate expressed in the appearance of flavors, unpleasant odors, increased turbidity and color, etc. In this regard, measures are required to optimize the choice of pipe diameters, to ensure and maintain the required quality of transported water in outdoor urban and distribution networks, and to guarantee meeting the required fire extinguishing standards. The research results and hydraulic calculations for assessing the minimum permissible water flow rates and minimum pipe diameters of submain networks are given taking into account the provision of external and internal firefighting. The tests were carried out in real conditions of the municipal water supply ring main in high- and low-pressure zones.

scholarly journals Optimal reconstruction of water supply network under conditions of reduced water consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 03005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman V. Chupin ◽  
Minh Ngoc Pham ◽  
Viktor R. Chupin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Supply Systems

In recent years, due to the country's energy conservation policies in cities and towns, there has been a steady decline in the specific water consumption. Many industrial enterprises switched to water-saving technologies and circulating water supply systems. Such a policy favorably affects the environmental safety of territories by reducing wastewater discharges into water bodies and saves energy for pumping water and wastewater. At the same time, due to a decrease in the speed of water movement, its quality indicators deteriorate and stagnant zones appear, and due to the reduction of water consumption, pumping stations began to operate in low efficiency modes. The article proposes to solve this problem by decommissioning certain sections of the network and facilities, which improve the speed of other pipelines and provide pumping stations with the highest efficiency. For this purpose, a technique has been developed to optimize flows in existing water supply systems and its implementation in the Trace – BK software package. A new method of optimizing operating costs for water supply systems in the face of decreasing water consumption is proposed. This technique makes it possible to identify inefficient sections of network and take them out of operation while improving the operation speed of other pipeline and bring the operation of pumping stations to the mode with the highest efficiency.

scholarly journals Municipal Water Supply Systems of Giving-Distributive Complex Reliability with Branched Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Novokhatniy ◽  
Oleksandr Matyash ◽  
Sergiy Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Reliability Theory ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Municipal Water Supply ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Reliability Calculation ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Supply Systems

The basics of the reliability theory of small settlements water supply systems were considered. Methods of the reliability calculation of the supply-distribution complex structures were reviewed: pumping stations, water pipes and branched network. The mathematical reliability model of the water supply technological process to the most distant consumers were constructed according to the water supply selected directions. The real possibility of water supply reliability calculation on an actual example was shown and a graphical representation of the results was performed.  

PSO Applied to Reduce the Cost of Energy in Water Supply Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Melo Brentan ◽  
Edevar Luvizotto Jr. ◽  
Lubienska Cristina L.J. Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

The growth of urban population and subsequent expansion of the cities impose difficulties of gather a reliable water supply systems that attend the fluctuations of demand throughout the day, and their operation with appropriate hydraulic and operational parameters. The search of better routines for water pumping stations with both starting and stopping of pumps or use of variable speed devices has become increasingly common, and the motivation of this search is found in the need for energy saving. But the task is arduous and becomes fertile field for the application of modern techniques and robust optimization. Noteworthy are currently those that seek their inspiration in nature systems, such as Particle Swarm Optimization, which is based on intelligence of groups, such as schools of fish or swarms of bee. By this way, the present work aims to contribute to the topic, developing a hybrid algorithm (simulator-optimizer) for determination of optimized routines for pumping station i.e., routines that seek the best operational routine for an extended period of 24 hours.

Frequency pressure regulation in water supply systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 896-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halkijevic ◽  
Zivko Vukovic ◽  
Drazen Vouk
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Effective Activity ◽  
Variable Frequency Drives ◽  
Loss Control ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The City

In water supply systems, pressure management in most cases is proven to be the most cost-effective activity related to water loss control. As an advanced method of pressure control, it is possible to use variable frequency drives for centrifugal pump control. Pressure regulation can be performed with constant pressure or with proportional pressure control. The application of proportional pressure control is particularly applicable in water supply systems as the operating pump performance is constantly adapting the pressure to the actual demand. Along with lower leakage losses, it also results in lower energy consumption and the elimination of non-stationary phenomena, thereby extending the pump lifetime. Therefore, the paper presents a theoretical discussion of the proportional pressure control. Possible savings are shown on the numerical example of water supply system of the city of Velika Gorica.

scholarly journals Safety of Water Supply Systems and Wastewater Treatment of Industrial Enterprises

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Шилков ◽  
Vladimir SHilkov ◽  
Аникин ◽  
Yu. Anikin
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Strategic Risk ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Supply Systems

In this article, the necessity of integrated approach to the analysis and solution of problems of safety of water supply and wastewater treatment are declared. The results of the study the main problems of the systems of production of water supply and wastewater treatment are described. Practical measures for solving problems are proposed. Pressing need of application of means of informatization, strategic risk analysis methods and innovative technologies of water treatment are declared. The basic principles of safe and effective critical systems of water supply and wastewater treatment in the sphere of production are proposed.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF AUSTRALIAN CRAYFISH (CHERAX QUADRICARINATUS) JUVENILES IN INDUSTRIAL CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON THE ENVIRONMENT TEMPERATURE

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Dina Ilyinichna Shokasheva
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Cherax Quadricarinatus ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Fish Tank

The article presents study results of the influence of water temperature on the growth and evolution of juveniles of the Australian red claw crayfish ( Cherax quadricarinatus ) in circulating water supply systems. There have been analyzed 750 specimens of crayfish larvae and 150 juveniles, which were contained in large fish tanks, each with 200 l capacity. Each fish tank had autonomous system water purification and thermal regulation: 24.0; 28.0 and 31.0°С. Duration of test made 63 days. It was found that maximum efficiency of juvenile-stock rearing of crayfish can be achieved under the temperature 25.0-27.0°С. Growth rate of crayfish decreased and their survivalship was lower than threshold values under the temperature 30.0°С and higher. Insignificant changes of the temperature regime of the Australian crayfish juvenile habitat within the bounds of biological normal interval exert a significant impact on the results of their breeding both at an early nascent stage, beginning from the first larval stages, and more recent stages of the ontogenesis. It has been proved that water temperature has effect not only on the weight and linear growth, but also on the survivalship of the Australian crayfish juvenile. It has been observed that under 30.0°С survivalship of young crayfish decreased in two times during the first five days in circulating water supply units. For this reason in providing of industrial rearing of early juveniles of the Australian crayfish it should be taken into account that planned withdrawal at the first two-three months could make up to 50% from the initial number of larvae.

scholarly journals Microgeração de energia com uso de bomba funcionando como turbina (BFT) em sistemas de abastecimento de água (SAA)

Revista DAE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 221 (68) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Fernanda Paffrath
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Excess Pressure ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
Theoretical System ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Supply Systems

Resumo Cada vez mais têm sido estudadas formas de minimizar gastos com energia e/ou de obter formas alternativas de geração, principalmente pela diminuição de oferta hídrica em diversos locais. Nos sistemas de abastecimento de água, são altos os gastos com energia, principalmente nas estações elevatórias. Em sistemas que fazem a distribuição de água por gravidade, não é rara a utilização de válvulas redutoras de pressão em pontos especí- ficos em que é necessária essa redução para garantir condições favoráveis de transporte de água na tubulação. Nesse sentido, ocorre dissipação de energia que poderia ser aproveitada no próprio sistema. Tendo em vista esse aproveitamento energético, esse estudo tem como objetivo determinar de forma teórica a potência gerada por uma bomba funcionando como turbina em locais onde há excedente de pressão, tomando por base dados de um sistema teórico de abastecimento de água de município de pequeno porte. Os resultados mostram que a alternativa é tecnicamente viável, gerando 2,2 KW de potência e 16,4 MW/ano de energia, que poderia ser uti- lizada no próprio sistema, em pontos onde seria necessário bombeamento, seja na captação ou na própria rede de abastecimento, em transição de zonas baixas para altas. Palavras-chave: Eficiência energética. Bomba funcionando como turbina (BFT). Abstract It has increasingly been studied ways to minimize energy costs and to obtain alternative forms of generation, mainly by the reduction of water supply in various locations. In water supply systems, energy costs are high, especially in pumping stations. In systems that make the distribution of water using gravity, it is not uncommon to use pres- sure reducing valves at specific points at which this reduction is necessary to ensure favorable conditions of water transport in the pipe. In this sense, there is dissipation of energy that could be used in the system itself. In view of this energy use, this study aims to determine theoretically the power generated by a pump functioning as turbine in places where there is excess pressure, based on data from a theoretical system of a small town water supply. From the results, the alternative proved to be technically feasible, with power generated at 2.2 KW and energy at 16.4 MW/year, which could be used in the system itself, at points where pumping would be required, either on capture or in the supply network, in transition from low to high areas. Keywords: Energy efficiency. pump functioning as turbine.

scholarly journals Stochastic model and method of optimization of operating modes groups of artesian wells in water supply systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
Andriy Tevyashev ◽  
Olga Matvienko ◽  
Gleb Nikitenko
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Artesian Wells

Water supply of large cities is carried out, as a rule, from open reservoirs - lakes, reservoirs, large rivers, ie from sources with significant water reserves. In this case, the water supply scheme includes: pumping stations of the first rise, which take water directly from the water; water treatment system (purification); pumping stations of the second and third rise, pumping clean water over long distances and supplying it to settlements [1]. If the settlement is located in an area where there are no large open water sources, or the geographical location of the settlement allows the use of groundwater, in which case artesian wells are used as a source of water supply. Usually small settlements are supplied with water from artesian wells. Artesian wells are widely used for water supply of villages, industrial water supply, for irrigation (irrigation systems), in the mining industry, to reduce the level of groundwater. The advantage of using artesian wells to supply the population with drinking water is that the water is extracted from great depths and purified using natural filters [2]. Thus, the cost of water treatment is significantly reduced. The disadvantage of using artesian wells is usually low productivity of the well, the strong dependence of water volumes in the well on climatic and weather conditions, depletion of the well as a result of large-scale construction or extraction of natural minerals such as shale gas [3].

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sverdlovsk Oblast Drinking Water Pollution with Heavy Metal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Supply Systems

The paper presents the results of the determination of heavy metals in drinking water samples from centralized water supply systems and wells of individual water supply of the Sverdlovsk region. It was found that the content of copper ions in the samples does not exceed its maximum permissible concentration, and the content of lead and cadmium ions in most samples is higher than the permissible norms. It is established that water samples from Nizhny Tagil and Serov are more contaminated with cadmium. The causes of drinking water pollution are discussed. It was found that the pollution of water from the centralized water supply systems with heavy metals is mainly due to the non-compliance of the operated water pipes with sanitary and hygienic requirements. Groundwater pollution is caused by the infiltration of industrial effluents containing heavy metals from storage and sedimentation tanks through soil. It is shown that numerous industrial enterprises in the Sverdlovsk region aggravate the process of pollution of surface and groundwater with heavy metals. The unsatisfactory quality of water in terms of the content of heavy metals in Sverdlovsk region is revealed. The authors dwell on the need to continue research to determine the content of other heavy metals in water and expand the geography of sampling in the region in order to assess more accurately the quality of water.

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