scholarly journals Crossing Cultural Boundaries in Merchants’ Wills from 14th-Century Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Nicholas Coureas
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Port City ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Cultural Boundaries ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Mendicant Orders

The Western merchants operating in Famagusta, Cyprus—including Geno­ese, Venetians, Catalans, Pisans, Provençals, other nationalities, and Cypriot merchants based in this port city—drew up wills with Genoese and Vene­tian notaries, a number of which are extant. These wills impart information on the bequests these merchants made to family members and friends as well as to institutions, particularly churches, monasteries, and mendicant orders. Furthermore, they record the credits and debts of these merchants to various parties, decree the manumission of slaves owned by the merchants—some of whom also received bequests—and on occasion list material objects such as clothing, silverware, or sums of currency in their possession. We can glean from these types of information that merchants had commercial and personal relations with members of nationalities or Christian denominations different to their own, had slaves of various ethnic backgrounds, and had in their pos­session currencies other than that of the Lusignan kingdom of Cyprus, as well as objects originating from elsewhere. These are phenomena that testify to their geographical mobility and their willingness to cross physical, financial, as well as cultural boundaries. On occasion, they even bequeathed sums of money to individuals and churches of non-Latin rites. In this paper, I intend to examine and assess the importance and utility of such wills, explaining that through their contents one can discover how, why and the extent to which merchants crossed national, ethnic and religious boundaries in both their commercial and their personal dealings. In addition, the limitations of the information such wills offer and the reasons why these limitations exist will also be discussed.

To Russia with love

Focaal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (70) ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Demant Frederiksen
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Port City ◽  
The West ◽  
Geographical Mobility ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Gain Access

Among young unemployed or underemployed men in the port city of Batumi, the regional center of the Autonomous Republic of Ajara in Georgia, the Black Sea is a social and imaginary horizon that signifies both geographical mobility and confinement. Since Georgia gained independence, Batumi went from being a Soviet borderland to being an opening to the West. However, due to visa regulations, “the West”—and the opportunities associated with it—has long been limited to the other Black Sea countries of Turkey and Ukraine. Following the August 2008 war, Russia, although being a much more desirable destination, became out of reach for the majority of these men. Through the notions of social and geographical horizons, this article argues that the young men, despite their sense of confinement, manage to forge alternative connections to Russia via Internet sites, where the online dating of Russian women was used as a means to gain access to Russia via marriage.

scholarly journals Hybridity and Ethnic Invisibility of the “Chitty” Heritage Community of Melaka

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-566
Author(s):  
Ravichandran Moorthy
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Port City ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Multiethnic Societies

Migration has produced many ethnic minority communities worldwide owing to sea-borne trade, religious evangelicalism, and colonialism. For centuries, these communities have existed alongside other cultures, creating multiethnic societies. However, changes in political, economic, and sociocultural conditions have caused these communities, typically with varying degrees of social alignment and sociocultural adaptation, to re-strategize their inter-ethnic interactions. One such minority community is the “Chitty” of Melaka, a distinct Tamil community that migrated to Melaka, a coastal port city that has flourished in trade and commerce since the late 14th century. This paper investigates the historiography, its hybridity and adaptation, and the concerns of ethnic invisibility faced by this community throughout its 700-year history. Through historical analysis and ethnographic observations, the study finds that the Chitty community has contributed significantly to the sociocultural, economic, and political fabrics of Melaka in different periods of history. Secondly, the Chitty’s hybridity nature enabled them greater dexterity to socioculturally adapt to the changing surroundings and dynamics in Melaka for the last seven centuries. Thirdly, the study finds that due to their marginality in numbers and the mass arrival of new Indian migrants, the ethnic visibility of the Chitty has diminished in the new Malaysian demographic.

scholarly journals Η Βυζαντινή Οικογένεια των Αγιοθεοδωριτών (ΙΙI)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ελισάβετ ΜΑΔΑΡΙΑΓΑ
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The Family

This paper is the third and last part of our prosopographical study on the Hagiotheodorites family members. Here, all known Hagiotheodorites are listed and studied in chronological order from the 12th century, during which most of the family members are active, up to the 14th century.

scholarly journals Some Characteristic Features of Family Structure in the Old Uighur Societies (as Reflected in Contractual Documents)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2021/1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyi He
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Family Members ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
The Family ◽  
Characteristic Features

In this paper, I introduce some characteristics of family structure in the Old Uighur societies, based on previous studies. The corpus used as a source for the investigation comprises 13th–14th century contractual documents. I summarize the features of family structure in the Old Uighur society from three aspects. Firstly, the family structure is the extended paternal family consisting of kin groups. The ties between family members are strong, and blood relationships are particularly important. Secondly, males play a dominant role in the family and society. Thirdly, relatives can be freely traded and pawned. In addition, I also briefly explain the reasons for these peculiarities.

Rituals of Death in Mongolia: Their Implications for Understanding the Mutual Constitution of Persons and Objects and Certain Concepts of Property

Inner Asia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
Strong Notion ◽  
Burial Rituals

AbstractThis article provides an ethnographic description of burial rituals in Ulaanbaatar in the 1980s. The ceremonies surrounding death indicate the presence of an amalgam of Buddhist, folk-religious and socialist ideas, and they notably make use of material objects as representations of such ideas. The article discusses what such rituals might tell us about Mongolian concepts of the person, fate and character. The further aim of the paper is to explore the wider significance of relations between persons and material objects as revealed in the funerary rituals, especially as regards ideas of ‘property’. It is argued that Mongolians in this period gave little prominence to the idea of ‘private property’, but retained a strong notion of joint, familial property; at the same time, the burial rituals reveal a significant concern with personal property. Socialist regimes, which emphasise communal forms of property, may often be associated with the parallel counter-significance of intimate and personal relations between persons and things.

scholarly journals Yang sheng, care and changing family relations in China: about a ‘left-behind’ mother’s diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
Personal Relations ◽  
The Family

Drawing on my mother’s Yang sheng (, life-nurturing) practices through food consumption as an autoethnographic ‘vignette’, this article seeks to tease out the different layers of sociocultural meanings underpinning a ‘left-behind’ ageing mother’s changing diet. It brings to light the underlying gendered embodiment of food practices articulated through changing family relations (that is, a left-behind mother and an absent son). This is of particular salience within the context in which issues of ageing and care for older family members have become of major public concern in contemporary China. The article highlights the relational accounts of food practices as care, imbued with shifting personal relations within the family, which are intertwined with social and historical transformations. In particular, it develops some critical insights on food practices that are beyond an individual’s reflection on self-responsibility for health. Thus, it illustrates how intergenerational family care and love are facilitated through the negotiation with everyday materiality and its practices in China.

High-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Optics ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The comparison of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) can best be made by means of the Reciprocity Theorem of wave optics. In Fig. 1 the intensity measured at a point A’ in the CTEM image due to emission from a point B’ in the electron source is equated to the intensity at a point of the detector, B, due to emission from a point A In the source In the STEM. On this basis it can be demonstrated that contrast effects In the two types of instrument will be similar. The reciprocity relationship can be carried further to include the Instrument design and experimental procedures required to obtain particular types of information. For any. mode of operation providing particular information with one type of microscope, the analagous type of operation giving the same information can be postulated for the other type of microscope. Then the choice between the two types of instrument depends on the practical convenience for obtaining the required Information.

Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dyla ◽  
Sara Basse Hansen ◽  
Poul Nissen ◽  
Magnus Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

Effective Clinical Interviewing

1978 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Lay Persons ◽  
Clinical Interviewing ◽  
Client Management

Speech, language, and hearing professionals rely on many individuals to provide information about a client. Management programs, in part, are devised, modified, and evaluated according to responses obtained from the client, family members, educators, and other professional and lay persons who have contact with the client. The speech-language pathologist has the responsibility of obtaining pertinent, complete, unbiased information about clients. This article provides an overview of the essential elements of an interview.

Caregivers' Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologist Talk About Child Language and Literacy Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2049-2067
Author(s):  
Karmen L. Porter ◽  
Janna B. Oetting ◽  
Loretta Pecchioni
Keyword(s):  
Language And Literacy ◽  
Collective Case Study ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Therapy Goals ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Types Of Information

Purpose This study examined caregiver perceptions of their child's language and literacy disorder as influenced by communications with their speech-language pathologist. Method The participants were 12 caregivers of 10 school-aged children with language and literacy disorders. Employing qualitative methods, a collective case study approach was utilized in which the caregiver(s) of each child represented one case. The data came from semistructured interviews, codes emerged directly from the caregivers' responses during the interviews, and multiple coding passes using ATLAS.ti software were made until themes were evident. These themes were then further validated by conducting clinical file reviews and follow-up interviews with the caregivers. Results Caregivers' comments focused on the types of information received or not received, as well as the clarity of the information. This included information regarding their child's diagnosis, the long-term consequences of their child's disorder, and the connection between language and reading. Although caregivers were adept at describing their child's difficulties and therapy goals/objectives, their comments indicated that they struggled to understand their child's disorder in a way that was meaningful to them and their child. Conclusions The findings showed the value caregivers place on receiving clear and timely diagnostic information, as well as the complexity associated with caregivers' understanding of language and literacy disorders. The findings are discussed in terms of changes that could be made in clinical practice to better support children with language and literacy disorders and their families.

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