scholarly journals Compatibility and performance of susceptible tomato cultivars grafted onto bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) resistant rootstock

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 15100-15107
Author(s):  
Kanyua Stella ◽  
Mwangi Maina ◽  
Mbaka Jesca
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Objective: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) belongs to the Solanaceae family and currently is one of the most important vegetable crops. Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil borne disease of tomato causing significant economic damage on tomatoes, tobacco and potatoes. Bacterial wilt is difficult to manage because the pathogen can survive in soil for long periods in association with a wide range of crops such as pepper, potato, capsicum, eggplants and weeds such as Jimson weed and nightshade. The objective of this study was to determine compatibility and performance of susceptible tomato cultivars grafted onto bacterial wilt resistant rootstocks. Methodology: Scions from susceptible tomato commercial cultivars (Anna F1 and Cal J) were grafted onto rootstocks of Eggplant, Sodom apple and tomato cultivar Mt56 that were determined to be resistant to bacterial wilt in a previous study. Cleft grafting technique was used in the experiment. Data on compatibility was assessed daily to check on the healing of the graft union and number of established plants. The grafted plants were considered compatible if 67% of the grafted plants had healed and growth established fourteen days after grafting. Data were subjected to ANOVA using GenStat version 15 and significantly different treatment means separated using LSD at P < 0.05. Results and application: The grafted plants were compatible at varying rates, that is Mt56 + Anna F1 (93.30%), Mt56 + Cal J (76.7%), S. melongena + Anna F1 (96.7%), S. melongena + Cal J (83.3%), S. incarnum + Anna F1 (73.3% ), and S. incarnum + Cal J (100%). It was concluded that tomato scions and the botanically related wilt resistant rootstocks are compatible. All the grafted plants performed well except those on Sodom apple rootstock whose stem did not expand at the rate as the scion stem. It is recommended that the proven resistant rootstocks be deployed to tomato farmers for use in tomato grafting and subsequent increase in their production. Key words: Grafting, Compatibility, Performance, Bacterial wilt

scholarly journals Identification of Ralstonia solanacearum resistant rootstocks for tomato grafting

2020 ◽  
Vol 43.3 ◽  
pp. 7452-7457
Author(s):  
Kanyua Stella ◽  
Mwangi Maina ◽  
Mbaka Jesca
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Sodom Apple ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, causes severe losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L). Current management measures are not fully effective. Grafting with resistant rootstocks may be an effective strategy for managing the disease. However, R. solanacearum populations maintain considerable diversity, and little information is known regarding the efficacy of available rootstocks for use in grafting to reduce bacterial wilt incidence and subsequent crop loss. Tomato belongs to family Solanaceae which includes other well-known species, such as eggplant (aubergine), peppers, tobacco and potato. The objective of this study was to identify bacterial wilt resistant germplasm that can be used as rootstocks in tomato grafting. The potential candidates for the study included species that belong to solanaceae family. Rootstocks included tomato cultivar Mt56, Eggplant (Solanum melongena), Capsicum and Sodom apple (Solanum incarnum). Tomato cultivars Anna F1 and Cal J were used as sources of scions. Diseased plants were collected from farmers’ fields and bacterial inoculum isolated using CPG Medium with TZC used to identify distinct colonies of R.solanacearum. The inoculum was applied on the test plants by injecting into the soil planted with tomatoes. Disease severity data was recorded using 0 to 5 scoring scale. Data was subjected to ANOVA using Genstat version 15 and significantly different treatment means separated using LSD at P < 0.05. Solanum melongena, Solanum incarnum and tomato cultivar (Mt56) did not develop infection while tomato cultivar Anna F1 and Cal J (used as positive controls) and Capsicum developed infection. It was concluded that resistant germplasm to bacterial wilt exists and can be utilized to graft susceptible tomato cultivars and contribute to management of bacterial wilt.

scholarly journals Streptomyces sp.: Characterization, Identification and Its Potential as a Ralstonia solanacearum Biological Control Agent in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachmad Saputra ◽  
Triwidodo Arwiyanto ◽  
Arif Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Wide Range

Streptomyces sp. bacteria have the potential to produce antibiotic compounds, which are one of the mechanisms that are widely used in biological control. However, in general, biological control mechanisms also occur through competition, cell wall degradation and induced resistance. This study was aimed to determine the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of two isolates of Streptomyces sp. (S-4 and S16 isolates) isolated from the tomatoes roots, and to find out their ability to control Ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease on a wide range of hosts. The results showed both Streptomyces sp. isolates had several different physiological and biochemical characteristics and had a different ability to inhibit R. solanacearum in vitro. Streptomyces sp. S-16 isolate had a high similarity with Streptomyces diastaticus subsp. ardesiacus strain NRRL B-1773T based on the molecular identification results. Further research needs to be done to see the potential inhibition of the two Streptomyces isolates in inhibiting the development of bacterial wilt disease in tomato plants caused by R. solanacearum.

scholarly journals Three Draft Genome Sequences of the Bacterial Plant Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum, Isolated in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Kotorashvili ◽  
Galina Meparishvili ◽  
Giorgi Gogoladze ◽  
Nato Kotaria ◽  
Maka Muradashvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bacterial Plant Pathogen ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Ralstonia solanacearum, the causative agent of bacterial wilt, is a devastating bacterial plant pathogen with a wide range of hosts. We report here the first draft genome sequences for three strains of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from infected potato, tomato, and pepper plants in Georgia.

scholarly journals Bacterial Wilt of Solanaceae Caused by Ralstonia solanacearum Race 1 Biovar 3 in Mali

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Thera ◽  
B. J. Jacobsen ◽  
O. T. Neher
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Race 1

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. causes bacterial wilt worldwide on a wide range of plant species. In Mali, the disease is commonly found on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Determination of race and biovar is critical for development of potato seed certification programs for management of the disease. Isolates (25) of R. solanacearum were obtained from wilting potato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco, and tomato plants collected from fields near Baguineda, Sonityeni, Sotuba, Sikasso, and Kolikoro. Isolations were made from bacterial streaming by dilution plating on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride medium (TZC) (2). Characteristic colonies were selected and identified by ELISA or Immunostrips (Pathoscreen Rs, Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). These isolates were used in host range studies and hypersensitivity (HR) tests on tobacco (cv. xanthi) (3) and tested for their ability to produce acids on Ayers basal media amended with disaccharide and hexose alcohol carbon sources (1). These isolates caused characteristic wilt 40 days postinoculation on greenhouse-grown tobacco (cv. Xanthi), peanut (cv. 4610), and tomato (cv. Roma VF) plants when stems of five plants of each host were syringe inoculated with 0.1 ml of a 1 × 109 CFU/ml of bacteria. Plants inoculated with sterile distilled water remained symptomless and R. solanacearum was reisolated from infected plants on TZC and identified with Immunostrips. All HR tests were negative. Infection of peanut, tobacco, and tomato and the results of the HR tests indicated that all isolates were Race 1 and no significant variation was noted between isolates. Acid was produced from the hexose alcohols: mannitol, sorbitol, and dulcitol; and the disaccharides: cellobiose, lactose, and maltose. This indicated that all isolates were biovar 3, the same as a known Race 1 strain from tobacco (MSU Plant Pathology teaching collection) (1). To assess relative distribution of R. solanacearum, 20 soil samples collected from potato fields in the vicinity of Baguineda, Kati, Koulikoro, and Sikasso were placed in pots (30 × 25 cm) under shade cloth at the IER Station in Sotuba and planted with 30-day-old tobacco plants. After 90 days, infected plants (35 to 100% infection) were found in all soils. Infected plants exhibited classical wilt symptoms and tested positive for R. solanacearum infections as confirmed by Immunostrip tests. Six of nine surface water samples taken near potato fields in Baguineda, Sikasso, Mopti, and Koulikoro tested positive for the presence of R. solanacearum by an Agdia Inc. enrichment kit and ELISA. A weed, Commelina forskalaei (Vahl), collected by Farako creek near Sikasso tested positive in the Immunostrip test even though no symptoms were obvious. No attempt was made to characterize the race, biovar, or phylotype of the soil, water, and weed isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the race and biovar of R. solanacearum from Mali has been reported and the wide distribution of this pathogen in Malian soils and surface water has been demonstrated. It is significant that we did not detect Race 3 biovar 2, which is subject to quarantine and biosecurity regulations. References: (1) A. C. Hayward. J. Bacteriol. 27:265, 1964. (2) A. Kelman. Phytopathology 44:693, 1954. (3) J. Lozano and L. Sequeira. Phytopathology 60:833, 1970.

scholarly journals Induced ligno-suberin vascular coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides restrict Ralstonia solanacearum colonization in resistant tomato roots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Kashyap ◽  
Montserrat Capellades ◽  
Weiqi Zhang ◽  
Sumithra Srinivasan ◽  
Anna Laromaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Tomato Roots ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The soil borne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum is the causing agent of bacterial wilt, a devastating disease affecting major agricultural crops. R. solanacearum enters plants through the roots and reaches the vasculature, causing rapid wilting. We recently showed that tomato varieties resistant to bacterial wilt restrict bacterial movement in the plant. In the present work we go a step forward by identifying the physico-chemical nature of the barriers induced in resistant tomato roots in response to R. solanacearum. We describe that resistant tomato specifically responds to infection by assembling de novo a structural barrier at the vasculature formed by a ligno-suberin coating and tyramine-derived hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs). On the contrary, susceptible tomato does not form these reinforcements in response to the pathogen but instead displays lignin structural changes compatible with its degradation. Further, we show that overexpressing genes of the ligno-suberin pathway in a commercial susceptible variety of tomato restricts R. solanacearum movement inside the plant and slows disease progression, enhancing resistance to the pathogen. We thus propose that the induced barrier in resistant plants does not only restrict the movement of the pathogen, but may also prevent cell wall degradation by the pathogen and confer anti-microbial properties.

scholarly journals Ralstonia solanacearum Differentially Colonizes Roots of Resistant and Susceptible Tomato Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 528-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Caldwell ◽  
Bong-Suk Kim ◽  
Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt and infects over 200 plant species in 50 families. The soilborne bacterium is lethal to many solanaceous species, including tomato. Although resistant plants can carry high pathogen loads (between 105 and 108 CFU/g fresh weight), the disease is best controlled by the use of resistant cultivars, particularly resistant rootstocks. How these plants have latent infections yet maintain resistance is not clear. R. solanacearum first infects the plant through the root system and, thus, early root colonization events may be key to understanding resistance. We hypothesized that the distribution and timing of bacterial invasion differed in roots of resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. Here, we use a combination of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to investigate R. solanacearum colonization in roots of soil-grown resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars at multiple time points after inoculation. Our results show that colonization of the root vascular cylinder is delayed in resistant ‘Hawaii7996’ and that, once bacteria enter the root vascular tissues, colonization in the vasculature is spatially restricted. Our data suggest that resistance is due, in part, to the ability of the resistant cultivar to restrict bacterial root colonization in space and time.

scholarly journals Viability, Stability and Biocontrol Activity in Planta of Specific Ralstonia Solanacearum Bacteriophages After Their Conservation Prior to Commercialization and Use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Álvarez ◽  
Laura Gadea-Pallás ◽  
Alejandro Rodríguez ◽  
Begonya Vicedo ◽  
Àngela Figàs-Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Ralstonia solanacearum is a pathogen that causes bacterial wilt producing severe damage in staple solanaceous crops. Traditional control has low efficacy and/or environmental impact. Recently, the bases of a new biotechnological method by lytic bacteriophages vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 with specific activity against R. solanacearum were established. However, some aspects remain unknown, such as the survival and maintenance of the lytic activity after submission to a preservation method as the lyophilization. To this end, viability and stability of lyophilized vRsoP-WF2, vRsoP-WM2 and vRsoP-WR2 and their capacity for bacterial wilt biocontrol have been determined against one pathogenic Spanish reference strain of R. solanacearum in susceptible tomato plants in different conditions and making use of various cryoprotectants. The assays carried out have shown satisfactory results with respect to the viability and stability of the bacteriophages after the lyophilization process, maintaining high titres throughout the experimental period, also with respect to the capacity of the bacteriophages for the biological control of bacterial wilt, controlling this disease in more than 50% of the plants. The results offer good prospects for the use of lyophilization as a conservation method for the lytic bacteriophages of R. solanacearum in view of their commercialization as biocontrol agents.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria, Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, and Soil Amendment for Integrated Management of Bacterial Wilt on Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Anith ◽  
M. T. Momol ◽  
J. W. Kloepper ◽  
J. J. Marois ◽  
S. M. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Bacillus pumilus SE 34, Pseudomonas putida 89B61, BioYield, and Equity), acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard), and a soil amendment with S-H mixture (contains agricultural and industrial wastes such as bagasse, rice husk, oyster shell powder, urea, potassium nitrate, calcium super phosphate, and mineral ash) on bacterial wilt incidence caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (race 1, biovar 1) in susceptible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Solar Set). In experiments with PGPR, Pseudomonas putida 89B61 significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence when applied to the transplants at the time of seeding and 1 week prior to inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum. BioYield, a formulated PGPR that contained two Bacillus strains, decreased disease significantly in three experiments. Equity, a formulation containing more than 40 different microbial strains, did not reduced wilt incidence compared with the untreated control. With inoculum at low pathogen densities of 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 CFU/ml, disease incidence of Actigard-treated plants was significantly less than with nontreated plants. This is the first report of Actigard-mediated reduction of bacterial wilt incidence in a susceptible tomato cultivar. When PGPR and Actigard applications were combined, Actigard plus P. putida 89B61 or BioYield reduced bacterial wilt incidence compared with the untreated control. Incorporation of S-H mixture into infested soil 2 weeks before transplanting reduced bacterial wilt incidence in one experiment. Combination of Actigard with the S-H mixture significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence in tomato in two experiments.

scholarly journals Breeding for resistance to tomato bacterial wilt: Identification of potential sources of genetic resistance by field evaluation of 28 tomato cultivars in Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
N’Guessan Olivier Konan ◽  
◽  
Yao Patrice Houphouet ◽  
Ibrahim Konaté ◽  
Saïdou Diallo Mamadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the most damaging tomato diseases in the world. The best strategy for controlling this disease is to use genetically resistant tomato plants. In this study, 28 tomato cultivars were evaluated in the field for their resistance to bacterial wilt in Daloa, one of the most important agricultural regions of Côte d'Ivoire. The experiments were carried out during the dry and rainy season and the experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed the presence of wilt disease. The streaming test and bacterial culture on growth medium proved the bacterial origin of the wilt symptoms observed. The results of the staining reactions revealed short, straight, rod and Gram negative bacteria similar to R. solanacearum. The severity of the disease was found to be higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. Of 28 cultivars evaluated, 7 cultivars were resistant and did not show any diseased plants during the two study periods. These cultivars constitute interesting sources of resistance for a breeding program aimed at the development of new resistant cultivars adapted to the region of Daloa. Keywords: Bacterial wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum, resistance, tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, breeding program.

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