An Analysis of Determinant Factors in Agricultural Trade between India and ASEAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 314-320
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Trade Relation ◽  
Major Trading Partner ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Variable Distance ◽  
The Common

Considering the significance of trade relation between India and ASEAN, the present study was conducted to analyze the determinants of India-ASEAN trade in agricultural products. This study incorporated HS 2-digit codes from 01 to 24 chapters, which constituted 85 percent of the total chapter falling under agricultural products. To perceive the significance of ASEAN as a major trading partner, shares of India's trade with ASEAN relative to the world was computed via trade intensity approach. Furthermore, the gravity model was employed to witness the determinants of agriculture trade between the two trading partners. The study found that the GDP of ASEAN and India, the common border between the two trading blocs, was positive and significant. The variable distance and landlocked was observed to be negative and significant, which confirmed that trade would decrease if distance increases and if the country was landlocked, respectively. Interestingly, variables like FTA, GDP of India, common language, and common colony showed no significant effect on the bilateral trade.

scholarly journals Exchange Rate Dynamics and the Bilateral Trade Balance: The Case of U.S. Agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungho Baek ◽  
Won W. Koo ◽  
Kranti Mulik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Series Data ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Trading Partners

This study examines the dynamic effects of changes in exchange rates on bilateral trade of agricultural products between the United States and its 15 major trading partners. Special attention is paid to investigate whether or not the J-curve hypothesis holds for U.S. agricultural trade. For this purpose, an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration is applied to quarterly time-series data from 1989 and 2007. Results show that the exchange rate plays a crucial role in determining the short- and long-run behavior of U.S. agricultural trade. However, we find little evidence of the J-curve phenomenon for U.S. agricultural products with the United States’ major trading partners.

COMPREHENSIVE AND PROGRESSIVE AGREEMENT FOR TRANS – PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP – 11): PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE?

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Salamatov ◽  
Nataliia M. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade Agreements ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Partnership Agreement

The article considers the global trend towards regional trade agreements (RTA). The authors note that in addition to the common bilateral RTAs, countries conclude multilateral regional trade agreements. In particular, the article examines changes in the world economy, which occur under the influence of the mega-regional trade agreements (MRTA) formation. An example of the MRTA is the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP) and its possible impact onRussiais discussed in the present article. The authors discuss the stages of TPP development, its goals, provisions, innovations and prospects. The article analyses an example of a country’s withdrawal from an agreement, its’ consequences and possible impact on the country itself and other signatory countries to the agreement. The article points out the differences between TPP and TPP-11. Inparticular, the article discusses the possible impact of the TPP-11 onRussia. Trade relations betweenRussiaand TPP-11 signatory countries are considered, and key markets among TPP-11 countries are identified. The article highlights the importance ofRussia's rapid response to the possible consequences of the TPP-11, including the possible conclusion of bilateral trade agreements between the EAEU, whereRussiais a member, and potential partners from TPP-11 countries.

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

scholarly journals Intricate Coalescence of Nature and Philosophy in Coelho’s world: Ruminations from The Alchemist

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
L. Monica Lilly
Keyword(s):  
Common Language ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Egyptian Desert ◽  
The Universe

 In The Alchemist, Paulo Coelho projects Santiago communicating with Nature which he refers to as the common language of the world. A study of The Alchemist will reveal how Santiago, an Andalusian shepherd boy who yearns to travel in search of a bounty treasure explores the wisdom of life. His quest for the treasure buried near the Pyramids propels him to enter an unchartered territory from his homeland in Spain to the Egyptian desert. This paper aims to explore the ecological reflections mired with concepts of slants in philosophy. Ecology on one hand is considered as a branch of science but, despite providing erudition on the subject it is understood that it provides sagacity to understand the universe better. This paper rightly discusses the amalgamation of nature and literature. It is indeed a manifestation of the recurrently believed ideologies that connect human psyche and platitudes of the cosmos. The logos that interrelates the existing connection between the non human and the human species require an exceptional mastery. This paper will analyze and depict the emotions connected with nature from the spectacle of the Protagonist Santiago in The Alchemist.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE-KAZAKHSTAN TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF "ONE BELT, ONE WAY": FEATURES, FORMS OF COOPERATION AND PERSPECTIVES

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haohe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Trade Turnover ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation

The "Оne Вelt, Оne Road" policy has brоught ecоnоmic and trаde relаtiоns between Chinа аnd Kаzаkhstаn closer in the field of agricultural products, adding new opportunities for development, and the volume of tradе has bеcomе stаblе and grоwing. Bilateral trade between China and Kazakhstan has shown new positive dynamics, where a unified trade structure is also noted. There are great development prospеcts in the field of agricultural products of the two countries. In this regard, the author points to a mega-project called the Belt and Road Initiative, which focuses on the current situation and characteristics of Sino-Kazakh agricultural trade. The article indicates some problems in the bilateral cooperation of the two states. Among these problems, the most important are noted. For example, the author notes that the situation with a large number of trade barriers prevents more Chinese and Kazakh enterprises from entering the market. As a starting point based on an analysis of the obstacles facing the development of bilateral agricultural trade, countermeasures should be taken to further deepen bilateral cooperation in agricultural trade. A set of proposals to mitigate the problems of economic cooperation between Kazakhstan and China are offered in the conclusion of the article. Key words: trade and economic cooperation, agrarian complex, dynamics of agricultural production growth, trade volume, trade turnover, trade barriers, RK, PRC.

scholarly journals Development of trade and economic cooperation between China and Russia in new geopolitical conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (51) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
A.V. Brizitskaya
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War

The article analyzes the trade relations between Russia and China in the modern period characterized by changes in the situation on the world stage and in the domestic political life of countries. The dynamics and commodity structure of bilateral trade of Russia and China have been studied, the Index of trade com-plementarity has been calculated, which showed that Chinese exports are more complementary to the structure of Russian imports than vice versa. Emphasis is placed on traditional trade in goods, excluding services and cross-border e-Commerce. The paper identifies two main directions which the development of Russian exports to China can take in the conditions of the "trade war" of China and the United States. The short-sighted policy of increasing only fuel and energy exports is justified. The reasons hindering the development of non-resource exports of Russia, primarily agricultural products and food, to China have been identified.

scholarly journals The Formation of AFTA and Trade Diversion: Evidence from China’s Agricultural Exports

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khanh Doanh ◽  
Jeehoon Lee ◽  
Yoon Heo
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows

This study analyzes the impacts of the formation of AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Agreement) on China’s agricultural exports. The Hausman-Taylor analysis is applied to panel data collected from China and its 68 trading partners from 1993–2012. Our major findings areas follows. First, the discrimination in tariffs imposed by AFTA diverts trade in agricultural products from China toward AFTA’s member countries. Second, at the sectoral level, the trade diversion effects of AFTA’s formation on China’s exports are significant in the case of beverage and tobacco industries. AFTA and China need to focus more on diversifying and differentiating their farming products. To gain better access to AFTA’s market, more investment in research and development activities is recommended as a cure for Chinese farmers. Moreover, this study implies that more efforts in reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to further liberalize trade between China and AFTA could enhance their bilateral trade flows.

Why NTM is a Challenge in Trade Relations? Evidence from India–Africa Agricultural Trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar ◽  
Nalin Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Trading Partners

India and Africa have experienced the rapid expansion of bilateral trade during the last two decades. The India–Africa trade is understudied in general and in the agriculture sector. Very few considerable efforts have been made to study the agro-trade restrictions between both the economies. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to empirically identify the recent evidence of non-tariff measures (NTMs) imposed on the agro-products between India and Africa, which also work as non-tariff barriers. It is perceived that India being one of the frequent users of NTMs in the world poses many challenges for its trading partners. Based on the Revealed Trade Barrier (RTB) index, using 28 agro-products (HS-4 digit level), this paper assesses bilateral agro-trade barriers. The frequency index ( Fi) and coverage ratio ( Cr) were used to analyse the complex nature of NTMs. The study findings show that both trading partners imposed a wide range of NTMs on each other’s agro-products, which resulted in the discriminatory effects on trade. Comparatively, India has imposed the lesser number of NTMs on Africa’s agro-products. Despite the recent bilateral trade agreements between both the economies, trade barriers were frequently noticed. The paper suggests applying strategic trade policies and reduction of NTMs along with harmonisation of standards to flourish the bilateral agro-trade.

Conocimiento, Lenguaje Y Gramatica En La Obra De Andrés Bello (1781–1865)

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-286
Author(s):  
Hernán Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Scientific Objectivity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Andres Bello

Summary Andrés Bello (1781–1865) is the most important Spanish grammarian of the 19th century. In his work, he attempts to apply a scientific objectivity, free from any dogmatism, to the study of language and social reality with a view to improving man and his community: Social progress, and not simply individual progress, is one of the driving ideas of his work. In linguistics, the source of his inspiration was general grammar, both synchronic and pedagogical. His work reaches its crowning in his Grammar of the Castillian Language for the use of Spanish-Americans of 1847. In his conception, it is the goal of norms and of the respect of usage that they determine to continually remind the community of speakers of a particular behaviour in order to avoid the bad consequences of a cultural and linguistic disruption. It is in the light of earlier considerations that Andrés Bello brings to bear all his concern for the preservation of the Spanish cultural heritage, in particular the common language as an instrument of communication and integration, and as the repository capitalizing on the cultural language. In this way, he appears to us, apart from his eminent position of renewer of the study of Spanish grammar, as the initiator of the immense task which consists of the development of a socio-cultural and linguistic variant within the Spanish unity. He thus contributed, in a decisive manner, to the formation of an Spanish-American man who is conscious of his tradition and his historical place in the world.

scholarly journals INTENSIFICATION VECTORS OF TRADE INTEGRATION OF THE POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Tetiana Tsygankova ◽  
Olena Iatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Coding System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

The study analyzes the dynamics of the development of integration processes. It is determined that the current stage of development is characterized by a change in the structure of the World Trade in favor of services and innovative products; by dynamic growth of trade in intermediate goods and services within global value chains. Trade integration covers a much broader network of participants, including bilateral, multilateral and interregional initiatives. The regional trade agreements (WTO-extra, WTO-plus) are being deepened and expanded. It is determined that the most common form of integration processes is the establishment of the Free Trade Zones, in particular on the basis of bilateral initiatives. Based on this, the bilateral trade relations between the post-Soviet countries and their trading partners (Poland, Italy, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Turkey, Czech Republic, Great Britain, Finland, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Romania, China) were analyzed. The index of trade complementarity was calculated and analyzed in order to identify the compliance of the export structure of the post-Soviet countries with the general structure of imports of these trading partners for high-tech product groups, in particular: machines and apparatuses for soldering and welding (code 8515 according to UKTZED (Ukrainian Commodity Coding System)), transmission shafts and bearing housings (code 8483), machines and mechanisms for harvesting and threshing crops (code 8433), spare parts and aggregates for metalworking equipment (code 8466), pumps for liquids (code 8413), burners for solid fuel or gas (code 8416), equipment for filtering and cleaning liquids and gases (code 8421), woodworking machines (code 8465), spare parts for motor vehicles (code 8708), electrical transformers (code 8504)). The geographical vectors of strengthening bilateral trade in the studied countries are substantiated based on the assessment of the calculated trade complementarity index. It was proposed to use the world experience based on certain key promising areas of international trade development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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