Economics of Resource Utilization for Manufacturing of Dairy Products in a Cooperative Dairy Plant in Coastal Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 631-635
Keyword(s):  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Steam Condensate ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Milk Pasteurization ◽  
Dairy Plant

The study conducted at a cooperative dairy plant having the capacity of 50,000LPD revealed that out of total units 971 thousand, about 80 percent of the electricity was consumed together in refrigeration, pasteurization and polypack sections. Only 1.67 percent of the total electricity was consumed in the product section. The steam condensate recovery in milk pasteurization was 200 litres per hour at an average temperature of 80 c, which was not being recycled and drained. If the water condensate were re-utilized, there o would be saving in soft water as well as thermal energy. Refrigeration requirement for pasteurized milk was found to be 61.35 kilocalories per unit. Out of the total refrigeration, the electricity contributed to the maximum percentage of the total cost about 55 percent. In the case of water utilization, washing and cleaning of trays and cans and overall floor cleaning of plant utilized about 50 percent of the total water. Cost of water pumping was found to be 8.38 per kilolitre of water.

scholarly journals Probiotic Delivery through Non-Dairy Plant-Based Food Matrices

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
D. M. D. Rasika ◽  
Janak K. Vidanarachchi ◽  
Selma F. Luiz ◽  
Denise Rosane Perdomo Azeredo ◽  
Adriano G. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Food Matrices ◽  
Probiotic Food ◽  
Probiotic Delivery

Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Traditionally, dairy products are the major and most popular probiotic carriers. At present, there is a growing demand for non-dairy probiotic products. Both fermented and non-fermented non-dairy plant-based food products are becoming highly appealing to both dairy and non-dairy consumers worldwide. Non-dairy plant-based food matrices such as fruits, vegetables, plant-based milk, cereals, and legumes have been used successfully in producing probiotic products with the minimum recommended viable probiotic numbers at the time of consumption. However, due to the exclusion of dairy, whether these food matrices can enhance the functional properties of probiotics such as gastrointestinal survival and immune-enhancing effects needs a thorough investigation. Hence, this review focuses on some of the popular non-dairy plant-based probiotic food products and their microbiological quality characteristics in terms of maintaining probiotic viability during product storage. Their gastrointestinal tolerance in these products, other functional properties, and product qualities have also been briefly discussed.

A Model for Shortening the Length of Activities in Construction and Overhaul Planning: UPROB

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Majdandzˇic´ ◽  
Slavko Sebastijanovic´ ◽  
Gordana Maticˇevic´ ◽  
Nebojsˇa Sebastijanovic´
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Activity Cost ◽  
Optimal Variation

This paper presents a mathematical model of the UPROB (planning system for construction and overhaul) system that was developed for tank assembly lines, construction of thermal energy structures, and for performing an overhaul in complex plants. Planning technology includes utilizing linear diagrams with a direct usage of input data from a plant’s database. A model has been developed to determine the critical path and also, to define steps for the most economical shortening of the entire plan. Several plan variations are developed (according to specified goals) and the management determines the optimal variation. After selecting a plan, it is possible to control and create work orders for individual tasks in certain activities. Task completion percentage, activity cost, and the total cost of the plan are also provided.

Resource Utilization and Total Cost of Commercially-Available versus Manually-Compounded Solutions Used for Dialysate in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Barletta ◽  
Karen J. McAllen ◽  
Michael J. Hage ◽  
Brian Steele ◽  
Timothy E. Bunchman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Total Cost

scholarly journals Importance of Enterococcus spp. for Forming a Biofilm

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S354-S356 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Necidová ◽  
B. Janštová ◽  
S. Karpíšková ◽  
Š. Cupáková ◽  
M. Dušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Plant Level

The aim of this study was to monitore the capability of <I>Enterococcus fecalis</I> and <I>Enterococcus fecium</I> to form biofilms. Enterococci isolates originated from individual milk, bulk milk samples and environmental swabs obtained at farm level, dairy plant level including semi and final dairy products. Biofilm formation potential was determined by growing the tested strains in glas tubes containing BHI medium. The capability of forming biofilms was detected in 28% of <I>Enterococcus</I> spp. strains. Higher number of biofilm forming strains of the <I>Enterococcus faecium</I> (33%) than <I>Enterococcus faecalis</I> (28%) has been registered. Isolates obtained at plant level were forming biofilms more often than isolates from plant level and in final products (cheese and curd cheese), no isolate has been seen to be able to form biofilm.

333. The coliform flora of milk and dairy products

1946 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Crossley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Plant Control

1. The sources of error and general significance of the presumptive coliform test have been studied, with special reference to manufactured dairy products.2. Eosine methylene blue agar has been found reasonably satisfactory for isolation of cultures but unsatisfactory as a direct plating medium.3. A wide survey of the coliform flora of raw milk and milk products has been made over a period of 11 years. The data were collected from 24,952 samples and include the incidence of presumptive positive tests at each stage of manufacturing processes, the occurrence of ‘false-positive’ tests, the detailed distribution of coliform types in individual dairy products, and some preliminary observations on ‘heat-resistant’ coliform strains.4. Material examined included raw milk, pasteurized milk, ice cream, milk powder, condensed milk, pasteurized cream, clotted cream, butter, soft cheese, Cheddar cheese, processed cheese, swabs of dairy plant, churn rinses, and the atmosphere of dairy factories.5. Detailed confirmatory tests were performed on 2490 presumptive positives, from which 2508 coliform cultures were isolated and classified.6. A general ecological survey of the frequency of individual coliform types in dairying operations as a whole has been attempted.7. Particular factors which may affect the distribution of coliform types in specific products or situations have been shown to include heat resistance, resistance to drying, chemical composition of the substrate, the effect of storage, and conditions prevailing on plant surfaces. It is suggested that the coliform flora may be partly the result of adaptation to conditions associated with each individual product.8. The value of the presumptive coliform test has been discussed in respect of public health requirements, as a plant-control method, and in relation to economic aspects. The test is believed to be of great utility in the plant-control laboratory but of little value for public health purposes.

Pengujian Alat Pengering Surya Sederhana dan Modifikasi Menjadi Alat Pengering Hybrid

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irvan ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Average Temperature

Abstrak.  Pengering hybrid merupakan pengering yang menggunakan dua atau lebih sumber energi untuk proses penguapan air. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi alat pengering surya sederhana menjadi alat pengering hybrid dengan tambahan energi panas dari pembakaran tempurung kelapa untuk melakukan uji pengeringan pada kacang hijau. Distribusi suhu rata-rata pada alat pengering hybrid pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 49oC,50oC dan 35oC dengan iradiasi matahari masing-masing menggunakan energi panas matahari dan kombinasi adalah 360,47W/m2 dan 362,79W/m2. Kelembaban relatif pada alat pengering hybrid saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 44,69%, 45,69% dan 57,75%. Kecepatan udara pada alat pengering hybrid saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan energi panas matahari, kombinasi dan biomassa masing-masing adalah 0,11 m/s , 0,1 m/s dan 0,08 m/s. Pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan sumber panas dari energi matahari, sumber panas kombinasi energi matahari dengan pembakaran biomassa dan menggunakan energi pembakaran biomassa menghasilkan kadar air akhir biji kacang hijau masing-masing sebesar 8,42%, 8,27% dan 10,75%. Besarnya energi biomassa yang dihasilkan saat pengering selama 10 jam adalah 272,142 MJ. Besarnya energi matahari saat pengeringan kacang hijau menggunakan sumber energi matahari dan sumber panas kombinasi energi matahari dengan pembakaran biomassa adalah 3,22 MJ dan 3,14 MJ.Testing of Simple and Modified Solar Dryers Become a Hybrid Dryer ToolAbstract. A hybrid dryer is a dryer that uses two or more sources of energy for the evaporation process of water. The purpose of this study is to modify the simple solar drying tool into a hybrid drying tool with additional heat energy from coconut shell combustion to test drying on green beans. The average temperature distribution of green peanut drying dryers using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are respectively 49oC, 50oC and 35oC with solar irradiation each using solar thermal energy and the combination is 360,47W/m2 and                362, 79   W/m2. The relative humidity in the hybrid drier when drying green beans using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are 44.69%, 45.69% and 57.75%, respectively. The air velocity in the hybrid drier when drying green beans using solar thermal energy, combination and biomass are 0.11 m/s, 0.1 m/s and       0.08 m/s respectively. Drying of green beans using a source of heat from solar energy, a combination of solar energy sources with biomass combustion and using biomass combustion energy to produce the final content of green beans seeds by 8.42%, 8.27% and 10.75% respectively. The amount of biomass energy produced during drying for 10 hours is 272,142 MJ. The amount of solar energy during drying of green beans using solar energy sources and the combined heat source of solar energy with biomass burning is 3.22 MJ and 3.14 MJ.

scholarly journals Estimation of the Resource Utilization and Costs of Cytokine Release Syndrome Observed in the Transcend-NHL Clinical Trial: A Micro-Costing Study

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 319-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Siddiqi ◽  
Jacob Garcia ◽  
Christine Dehner ◽  
Andy Nguyen ◽  
Matthew Gitlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Car T ◽  
Equity Ownership ◽  
Fee Schedule

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Information on the differential resources and costs associated with managing treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapies, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), have not been estimated and may differ by therapy. Lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel; JCAR017) is a CD19-directed 4-1BB CAR T cell product administered in a defined composition at a precise 1:1 dose of CD8 and CD4 CAR T cells. TRANSCEND-NHL 001 is a multicenter seamless design pivotal phase 1 trial of liso-cel in R/R B-NHL (NCT02631044). The objectives of this analysis were to estimate the cost of CRS management observed in the TRANSCEND-NHL trial and to compare the CRS treatment with the trial's management guidelines. METHODS: Case report forms detailed health resource utilization (HRU) related to CRS management among patients treated in the TRANSCEND-NHL trial who experienced CRS. CRS was graded per Lee et al. 2014. A two-step micro-costing method was used to identify resource use and estimate costs associated with CRS. Step 1 included analyzing HRU for managing each event, including number of inpatient days, number of intensive care unit (ICU) days, procedures (e.g. lab work, imaging, biopsy), and medications. HRU that occurred within the TRAE onset date and resolution date was included. Step 2 involved applying costs to each HRU. The base-case analysis included only HRU collected among patients from the TRANSCEND-NHL trial that was in accordance with trial's CRS management guidelines for each specified grade. Scenario analysis included HRU not specified in the guidelines. Unit costs were from the health system perspective and were adjusted to 2018 USD. Cost per inpatient day ($2,668) was estimated from HCUP Databases, and cost per ICU day ($6,546) was sourced from Dasta et al. 2005. Medication cost data are from REDBOOKTM using wholesale acquisition cost. Diagnostic and procedure costs are from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services lab fee schedule and physician fee schedule, respectively. Analyses are stratified by grade and by site of care (inpatient or outpatient) at which the CAR T cell therapy was administered. RESULTS: CRS occurred in 38 of 102 patients treated in the dose-finding/dose-expansion portions of the TRANSCEND-NHL clinical trial. Among the 38 patients, 19 patients experienced grade 1, 18 grade 2, and 1 grade 4 CRS. Total HRU and cost differed between CRS grades. Length of stay (LOS) associated with CRS management by grade are shown in Table 1. Median and average LOS increased with higher CRS grades. Mean LOS for grades 1 and 2 were 4 and 7 days, respectively. One patient with grade 4 had a 34-day LOS. No patients with CRS grade 1 were transferred to the ICU, and the mean ICU LOS for CRS grade 2 patients was 1 day. Mean LOS was longer among patients who were administered CAR T therapy in the inpatient setting (6.3 days) compared with the outpatient setting (5.3 days). Patients in TRANSCEND-NHL were successfully managed with conservative health resource utilization compared with the guidelines. For instance, while the trial management guidelines suggest tocilizumab for patients with Grade 2 CRS, this was administered to only half of Grade 2 CRS patients (9/18, 50%). Total cost is driven by LOS and for grades 1 and 2 CRS ranged from $11,226 to $25,617. LOS represented 94.4% and 83.5% of total cost in grades 1 and 2, respectively. The one CRS grade 4 patient incurred a 34-day LOS, contributing 94.9% of an estimated total cost of $201,836. Resource use not referenced in the guidelines was largely comprised of medication use and resulted in minimal increases in total cost. Costs due to resource use outside of the guidelines ranged from $1,698 to $21,055. The total cost of CRS management is reported in Figure 1. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this analysis show that hospital and ICU LOS are key drivers of CRS management cost and are mainly associated with managing grade 3/4 CRS. These results are based on national average costs; actual costs may vary between hospitals. The incidence of CRS and management guidelines vary across CAR T therapies and will affect both HRU and associated cost differences. CRS management is also contingent on patient characteristics. The biology of CAR Ts and resultant safety profile of the various products will likely drive dissimilarities in CRS management and cost. Disclosures Siddiqi: Juno Therapeutics: Other: Steering committee. Garcia:Juno Therapeutics, a fully owned subsidiary of Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Dehner:Juno Therapeutics, a fully owned subsidiary of Celgene: Employment, Equity Ownership. Nguyen:Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy. Gitlin:Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy. Chung:Juno Therapeutics: Employment. Abramson:Verastem: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Juno Therapeutics: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Merck: Consultancy; Humanigen: Consultancy; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy.

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