Farm Size and Productivity Relationship in Soyabean Cultivation: Empirical Evidence from Madhya Pradesh Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 459-463
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Study Unit

Madhya Pradesh state is growing rapidly in the agricultural agriculture sector since last few years. The State is making a significant contribution to the country's vegetable oil production. Soyabean crop is produced on a large scale. The objective of the study was to examine the farm size and productivity relationship of soyabean cultivation in Madhya Pradesh empirically. In the present study, unit-level secondary data published by DES were used. The results showed positive relationship between farm size and productivity. Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood for small farmers, although the size of the farm was small but was looked after with the help of family members. Nevertheless, the use of high yielding variety seeds (HYV) and the use of modern technology resulted in to direct relationship between farm size and productivity. Soybean productivity had a positive and significant relationship with use of labour machinery, that chemical fertilizers, manure and pesticides. However, at the same time, it was found that use of animal, seeds and irrigation machines had a significant negative relation with productivity.

scholarly journals The Impact on Economic and Environmental Development of COVID-19 Pandemic: a Case Study in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nur Indriani Dewi ◽  
Fadilla Citra Melati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The goal of this analysis is to examine in greater detail the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on economic development and the quality of the atmosphere in Indonesia. This report uses secondary data as the primary source, obtained using a secondary data collection method from many different organizations. Different government policies and measures to discourage the escalation of the transmission of the Coronavirus, one of which is large-scale social restrictions (PSBB). However, before Indonesia suffered a recession, the PSBB actually became a barrier to economic development. As a part of this program, the rise in environmental efficiency is another positive effect because traffic that generates emissions and vast manufacturing sectors that create dirty waste is temporarily halted. Based on the findings of the review, this report notes that there is a detrimental effect of COVID-19 on economic development in Indonesia. However, because of the introduction of PSBB, Indonesia's air quality has improved. This report is intended to serve as a reference and assessment of the effects of COVID-19 on the economy and the atmosphere for stakeholders and the general public. In order to allow the government to consider measures that will deter the spread of the coronavirus and restore the economy without damaging improved air quality.

Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Akhlak dalam Al-Qur’an

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-295
Author(s):  
Sri Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Core ◽  
Primary Data Source ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Data Source

This paper discusses the content of Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). The data used in the preparation of this paper is the data that is primary and secondary. The primary source is data obtained from the core source. In conducting a study of a verse, it is clear that the primary data source is derived from the Qur'an,precisely on Q.S. al-Baqarah ([2]: 67-73). Secondary data is dataobtained from other sources that are still related to the problemand provide interpretation of the primary source. The method usedin analyzing this paper is the tahlili method. This method describesthe meaning contained by the Qur'an, verse by verse, and letterafter letter according to the order in the Mushaf. The descriptionincludes the various aspects which the interpreted verses contain,such as the meaning of the vocabulary, the connotation of thesentence, the background of the verse down, its relation to otherverses, both before and after. And do not miss the opinion that hasbeen given regarding the interpretation of these verses, whetherdelivered by the Prophet, companions, the tabi'in, as well as othercommentators. This study shows that in Q.S. (2): 67-73) there arevalues of moral education which include: 1) morals in asking, (2)morals to parents, (3) patience of educators, (4) educator honesty,and (5) obedience of learners.

Crowdfunding as an Alternative Method of Raising Capital

e-Finanse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Research Task ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

AbstractCrowdfunding is a method of financing new ventures, commercial, cultural or social, often in return for future products or actions, engaged in by many investors. Currently, it is an important element in the structure of available sources of financing for investment projects. Despite the interest of potential investors, individual social sponsors and large-scale activities of institutions promoting knowledge about the functioning of crowdfunding aimed at encouraging and promoting it as a source of capital for new ventures, there is a lack of knowledge and, consequently, experience on its development and achievement. The aim of this study is to analyze this source of financing, assess its development globally and in Poland. In the preparation of the article,. a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature was carried out, and descriptive and comparative research methods applied. The research task undertaken in the study was to analyze the crowdfunding market globally and in Poland. The Polish crowdfunding platforms were detailed and compared in terms of value in relation to the largest global platforms. The source for analyses of crowdfunding development in Poland was available literature on the analyzed topic and secondary data from the websites of specialized internet platforms. The article depicts a new, but important, aspect of financing the activity of enterprises, which is crowdfunding. It should be emphasized that there is still insufficient knowledge about this type of institution and, as a result, the importance and role that social financing plays in the financial market.

DINAMIKA KELOMPOK TANI ANUGERAH MOLLO DI DESA NETPALA KECAMATAN MOLLO UTARA KABUPATEN TIMOR TENGAH SELATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Tanggu Dedo Yeremias ◽  
Ernantje Hendrik ◽  
Ignatius Sinu
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Dynamic Level ◽  
South Central ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

ABSTRACT This research has been carried out in the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group, in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, starting in March - April 2019. This study aims to determine: (1) The dynamic level of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, (2) Relationship between Socio-economic factors of farmer group members and the level of dynamics of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency. Determination of the location of the study carried out intentionally (purposive sampling) The type of data collected is primary data obtained from direct interviews with respondents guided by the questionnaire, while secondary data is obtained from the relevant agencies. To find out the first purpose of the data analyzed using a Likert scale, to find out the second purpose of the data analyzed using the Sperman Rank statistical Nonparametric test. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The level of dynamism of the Anugerah Mollo Farmer Group in Netpala Village, North Mollo District, South Central Timor Regency, is in the very dynamic category of 84%, (2) The relationship of socio-economic factors is only one of the five variables that are significantly related namely land area with a coefficient of rs 0.278 and t = 1.782 count greater than t table 1.699 (p> 0.05), while other social factors such as age, formal education, number of family dependents, and experience of farming show no significant relationship with the level of dynamism of Anugerah Mollo Farmers Group in Netpala Village.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Molecular Variability of Kiwifruit Viruses in Actinidia deliciosa ‘Xuxiang’ in the Shaanxi Province of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Yuanle Zhang ◽  
Zhanmin Wu ◽  
Qiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
First Report ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Actinidia Spp ◽  
Main Producer

Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) is an economically substantial fruit crop with China the main producer. China is the primary source of wild kiwifruit and the largest producer of kiwifruit in terms of both production and planting area, and Shaanxi province is the largest kiwifruit producer in China. Previous studies reported presence of kiwifruit viruses in Actinidia chinensis. In this study, six viruses were identified in kiwifruit ‘Xuxiang’ (A. deliciosa) in Shaanxi, China. The incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity of these viruses were studied. The results showed that Actinidia virus A (AcVA), Actinidia virus B (AcVB), Actinidia chlorotic ringspot-associated virus (AcCRaV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), and potato virus X (PVX) were the main viruses infecting Xuxiang kiwifruit in Shaanxi, China. Incidence of the various viruses with both single and multiple infection varied with different kiwifruit-growing counties. For single virus infection, the highest and the lowest numbers of samples infected were about 22 for AcCRaV and 0 for AcVB in Meixian out of 170 samples, 12 for AcVA and 0 for CMV in Zhouzhi out of 120 samples, 10 for AcVA and 0 for AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, PVX, and CMV in Yangling out of 70 samples, and 8 for AcCRaV and CMV and 0 for AcVA, AcVB, ASGV, and PVX in Hanzhong out of 80 samples, respectively. Samples which were multiply infected with two or more viruses were also detected. Analysis of the phylogenetic tree of these viruses showed some genetic variability in the AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV isolates of Shaanxi kiwifruit. There was no obvious molecular variation in the coat protein genes of ASGV, CMV, and PVX virus isolates from Shaanxi kiwifruit. The present study is the first large-scale survey of kiwifruit viruses in Shaanxi, China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PVX infecting kiwifruit and the first report of molecular variability of AcVA, AcVB, and AcCRaV. These results provide important data for studying the genetic evolution of AcVA, AcVB, AcCRaV, ASGV, CMV, and PVX.

scholarly journals Longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms in older adults from Mexico: a secondary data analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001789
Author(s):  
Teresa Alvarez-Cisneros ◽  
Paloma Roa-Rojas ◽  
Carmen Garcia-Peña
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Health Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Relationship Of

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

scholarly journals LARGE SCALE CITY MAPPING USING SATELLITE IMAGERY / KOSMINIŲ NUOTRAUKŲ IŠ GOOGLE EARTH, TAIKOMŲ MIESTAMS KARTOGRAFUOTI STAMBIUOJU MASTELIU, REKTIFIKAVIMAS / РЕКТИФИКАЦИЯ КОСМИЧЕСКИХ СНИМКОВ ИЗ GOOGLE EARTH ДЛЯ КРУПНОМАСШТАБНОГО КАРТОГРАФИРОВАНИЯ ГОРОДОВ

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birutė Ruzgienė ◽  
Qian Yi Xiang ◽  
Silvija Gečytė
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Image Rectification ◽  
Image Deformation ◽  
Map Construction ◽  
Short Period

The rectification of high resolution digital aerial images or satellite imagery employed for large scale city mapping is modern technology that needs well distributed and accurately defined control points. Digital satellite imagery, obtained using widely known software Google Earth, can be applied for accurate city map construction. The method of five control points is suggested for imagery rectification introducing the algorithm offered by Prof. Ruan Wei (tong ji University, Shanghai). Image rectification software created on the basis of the above suggested algorithm can correct image deformation with required accuracy, is reliable and keeps advantages in flexibility. Experimental research on testing the applied technology has been executed using GeoEye imagery with Google Earth builder over the city of Vilnius. Orthophoto maps at the scales of 1:1000 and 1:500 are generated referring to the methodology of five control points. Reference data and rectification results are checked comparing with those received from processing digital aerial images using a digital photogrammetry approach. The image rectification process applying the investigated method takes a short period of time (about 4-5 minutes) and uses only five control points. The accuracy of the created models satisfies requirements for large scale mapping. Santrauka Didelės skiriamosios gebos skaitmeninių nuotraukų ir kosminių nuotraukų rektifikavimas miestams kartografuoti stambiuoju masteliu yra nauja technologija. Tai atliekant būtini tikslūs ir aiškiai matomi kontroliniai taškai. Skaitmeninės kosminės nuotraukos, gautos taikant plačiai žinomą programinį paketą Google Earth, gali būti naudojamos miestams kartografuoti dideliu tikslumu. Siūloma nuotraukas rektifikuoti Penkių kontrolinių taskų metodu pagal prof. Ruan Wei (Tong Ji universitetas, Šanchajus) algoritmą. Moksliniam eksperimentui pasirinkta Vilniaus GeoEye nuotrauka iš Google Earth. 1:1000 ir 1:500 mastelio ortofotografiniai žemėlapiai sudaromi Penkių kontrolinių taškų metodu. Rektifikavimo duomenys lyginami su skaitmeninių nuotraukų apdorojimo rezultatais, gautais skaitmeninės fotogrametrijos metodu. Nuotraukų rektifikavimas Penkių kontrolinių taskų metodu atitinka kartografavimo stambiuoju masteliu reikalavimus, sumažėja laiko sąnaudos. Резюме Ректификация цифровых и космических снимков высокой резолюции для крупномасштабного картографирования является новой технологией, требующей точных и четких контрольных точек. Цифровые космические снимки, полученные с использованием широкоизвестного программного пакета Google Earth, могут применяться для точного картографирования городов. Для ректификации снимков предложен метод пяти контрольных точек с применением алгоритма проф. Ruan Wei (Университет Tong Ji, Шанхай). Для научного эксперимента использован снимок города Вильнюса GeoEye из Google Earth. Ортофотографические карты в масштабе 1:1000 и 1:500 генерируются с применением метода пяти контрольных точек. Полученные результаты и данные ректификации сравниваются с результатами цифровых снимков, полученных с применением метода цифровой фотограмметрии. Ректификация снимков с применением метода пяти контрольных точек уменьшает временные расходы и удовлетворяет требования, предъявляемые к крупномасштабному картографированию.

scholarly journals Farm Size, Risk Aversion and Overuse of Fertilizer: The Heterogeneity of Large-Scale and Small-Scale Wheat Farmers in Northern China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Haixia Wu ◽  
Hantao Hao ◽  
Hongzhen Lei ◽  
Yan Ge ◽  
Hengtong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Deviation Degree ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

The excessive use of fertilizer has resulted in serious environmental degradation and a high health cost in China. Understanding the reasons for the overuse of fertilizer is critical to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture, and large-scale operation is considered as one of the measures to deal with the excessive fertilizer use. Under the premise of fully considering the resource endowment and heterogeneity of large-scale farmers and small-scale farmers in production and management, different production decision-making frameworks were constructed. Based on the 300 large-scale farmers and 480 small-scale farmers in eight provinces of northern China wheat region, we analyzed the optimal fertilizer use amount and its deviation as well as the influencing factors of small-scale and large-scale farmers, then further clarified whether the development of scale management could solve the problem of excessive fertilizer use. The empirical results show that: (1) both small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers deviated from the optimal fertilizer application amount, where the deviation degree of optimal fertilizer application of small-scale farmers is significantly higher than that of large-scale farmers, with a deviation degree of 35.43% and 23.69% for small and large scale farmers, respectively; (2) not all wheat growers in North China had the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer, as the optimal level of chemical fertilizer application in Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia are 346.5 kgha−1 and 335.25 kgha−1, while the actual fertilizer use amount was 337.2 kgha−1 and 324.6 kgha−1, respectively; and (3) the higher the risk aversion level, farmers tended to apply more fertilizer to ensure grain output. Therefore, increasing farm size should be integrated into actions such as improving technological innovation and providing better information transfer to achieve the goal of zero-increase in Chinese fertilizer use.

scholarly journals Geo-Spatial Analysis of Population Density and Annual Income to Identify Large-Scale Socio-Demographic Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Nicolai Moos ◽  
Carsten Juergens ◽  
Andreas P. Redecker
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

This paper describes a methodological approach that is able to analyse socio-demographic and -economic data in large-scale spatial detail. Based on the two variables, population density and annual income, one investigates the spatial relationship of these variables to identify locations of imbalance or disparities assisted by bivariate choropleth maps. The aim is to gain a deeper insight into spatial components of socioeconomic nexuses, such as the relationships between the two variables, especially for high-resolution spatial units. The used methodology is able to assist political decision-making, target group advertising in the field of geo-marketing and for the site searches of new shop locations, as well as further socioeconomic research and urban planning. The developed methodology was tested in a national case study in Germany and is easily transferrable to other countries with comparable datasets. The analysis was carried out utilising data about population density and average annual income linked to spatially referenced polygons of postal codes. These were disaggregated initially via a readapted three-class dasymetric mapping approach and allocated to large-scale city block polygons. Univariate and bivariate choropleth maps generated from the resulting datasets were then used to identify and compare spatial economic disparities for a study area in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. Subsequently, based on these variables, a multivariate clustering approach was conducted for a demonstration area in Dortmund. In the result, it was obvious that the spatially disaggregated data allow more detailed insight into spatial patterns of socioeconomic attributes than the coarser data related to postal code polygons.

scholarly journals Permit to work: the Integrated Safe System of Work

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Ally Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Core System ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
New System

A permit to work (PTW) system is a formal system used to control certain types of work that are identified as potentially hazardous. It is also a means of communication between facility management, plant supervisors and operators, and those who carry out the hazardous work. The essential features of a PTW system are: • Clear identification for who may authorise particular jobs, and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions; • Training and instruction in the issue and use of permits; and, • Monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended. PTW systems are the key to ensuring safe execution of activities at site, yet there are many approaches to how permit systems can, and should, work. Each approach has its own merits and weaknesses. Woodside recognised that, as part of its ongoing program to improve the safety of its workers, there existed significant scope for a new and better work management system. After many years of incremental evolution of the PTW and the fragmentation of the parent system as each facility developed its own variation, it was evident that a completely new system embracing modern technology would provide the best result, while simultaneously standardising Woodside with one common and centralised system. The divergence of the systems over time caused increasing difficulty in managing changes to the PTW system across all sites and in benchmarking to determine best practice. A centralised system would remove accountability from facilities for the development of the business rules, and instead ensure they focussed on compliance with the rules. The new system would adopt key learnings from the industry’s history and address root causes of past incidents. It would also enable the ability to adopt future learnings and become a conduit for rapid integration into the working practices on all sites. The Integrated Safe System of Work (iSSoW) developed by Woodside adopts best practices from permit systems worldwide and combines them with new innovative management features. The system is administered through a simple-to-use computer interface, with incorporation of many of the business rules into the software package. The iSSoW is now in place on all Woodside facilities (platforms, not-normally manned installations, FPSO’s and onshore plants). With nearly 4,000 users, the implementation has required careful coordination, and been supported by a comprehensive training programme. The system has been demonstrated to be both effective and efficient. Effectiveness—the improvement of safety performance—was the primary objective. The system has raised work party hazards awareness, and has resulted in significant improvements in working practices company-wide. Efficiency was a secondary goal, and is made possible through streamlining in the user-interface. The introduction of the new system complements Woodside’s work to develop an improved safety culture, and brings consistency across all sites and all shifts—essential features as our industry struggles to deal with the growing scarcity of skills and experience. The system is now being reviewed by organisations across many industry and service sectors in Australia, and has been implemented in the power industry. This paper discusses the attributes of the system, the many challenges associated with development and large-scale implementation of such a core system, and the additional opportunities the system presents. Using a case study of implementation of iSSoW onto the Woodside operational facilities, it highlights the critical success factors of introducing iSSoW on a company-wide basis.

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