Genetic studies for drought tolerance under contrasting moisture regimes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
D Shoba ◽  
S Robin ◽  
P Jeyaprakash ◽  
M Arumugam Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Leaf Rolling ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Stress Regime

Twenty six genotypes and four check varieties were studied for drought tolerance in rice. The experiment was conducted under both irrigated and stress regimes. Ten different drought tolerant contributing traits were evaluated under stress regime and five yield contributing traits were evaluated under irrigated regime. Among the studied genotypes, IR 87651-26-1-1-3 possessed desirable mean performance under stress for grain yield with other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. Under irrigated regime, the genotypes IR 87753-13-1-1-3, IR 87638-10-1-1-3, IR 87759-5-2-1-3 and IR 83381-B-B-137-3 were advantageous for grain yield and other studied traits except number of panicles per plant. From the variability studies under stress, the traits viz., leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying, panicle exsertion and grain yield exhibited high genetic advance indicated additive gene action and selection is desirable for these traits. High heritability with advantageous genetic advance was recorded for plant height and grain yield under non-stress regime. From the association analysis, grain yield had positive correlation with plant height, number of panicles per plant and panicle length and negative correlation with days to fifty per cent flowering, leaf rolling, leaf senescence, leaf drying and panicle exsertion under stress. Grain yield was positively correlated with days to fifty per cent flowering, plant height and panicle length under non stress. The desirable genotypes recognized from this study may be utilized as donors and the desirable traits identified may be exploited for drought tolerance rice breeding programs.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND GENETIC ADVANCE OF RICE GENOTYPES IN MID-HILLS OF NEPAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Sashi Lamichhane ◽  
Nav Raj Adhikari ◽  
Bishwas K.C. ◽  
Sapana Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improvement Programs

<p>Rice is an essential staple food in Nepal but researches and varietal improvement programs are rarely carried out due to inadequate variability study. The field study was carried to diagnose the influence of genetic and environmental factors on yield traits to aid future rice breeding programs. Twelve genotypes were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications from July to November 2019 at the research field of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, in the hilly area of Nepal. Analysis of variance showed significant difference for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, flag leaf area, filled grains per panicle, unfilled grains per panicle, fertility percentage, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, straw yield, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvesting index indicating the presence of variation in genotypes. LPN BR-1615 was the most promising genotype in grain yield. The values of Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) were higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for each trait and low difference between them was found for days to 50% booting, days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight, fertility percentage, and harvesting index. Plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield showed high heritability (i.e. 93.2%, 60.5% and 92.6%, respectively) and higher genetic advance as percentage of mean (i.e. 46.5, 34.6 and 50.1, respectively) . Thus, the experiment revealed that selections favoring plant height, effective tillers m<sup>-2</sup>, and grain yield would help in effective breeding programs of rice in future.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic variability to improve yield and resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-589
Author(s):  
AK Singh ◽  
RK Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
M Arya ◽  
PK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Weight Number ◽  
Panicle Weight

One hundred F2 and F3 single plant progenies along with their parents and the infector rows were evaluated for 13 quantitative traits to assess the genetic variability, heritability, associations and estimation of number of genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance and yield related traits. In both F2 and F3, a wide range of variability was present for all the traits, indicating considerable scope for selection. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant and grain yield per plant. Positive and significant correlation were observed between grain yield per plant with days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, panicle weight, number of effective tillers per plant, test weight and flag leaf length in either one of the generation or in combination of both F2 and F3. Path-coefficients analysis showed that plant height, panicle length and test weight had high direct positive effect in both the F2 and F3. The estimated number of gene(s) in the segregating generations for bacterial leaf blight was 2.14 in the F2 and 0.92 in the F3 revealed that two genes were involved in the inheritance of resistance to bacterial leaf blight in F2, while only one gene in F3 due to dominance effect.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Nath Adhikari ◽  
Bishnu Prasad Joshi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Naba Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation

This study was conducted during summer 2015 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Dipayal, Doti, Nepal to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation on grain yield and yield associated traits using 26 advance genotypes of lowland irrigated rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant difference for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for days to flowering (0.88), maturity (0.79), thousand grain weight (0.48) and plant height (0.43) suggesting these traits are under high genetic control. High phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield (24.87%), number of grains/panicle (22.45%), number of panicles/m2 (20.95%) and straw yield (20.75%) while grain yield had medium (12.02%) and remaining traits showed low genotypic coefficient of variation (<10%). High phenotypic coefficient of variation estimated as compared to genotypic coefficient of variation showed environmental influence on the expression of traits. Grain yield (11.98) and days to flowering (10.32) showed medium and remaining traits sowed low genotypic advance as percent of mean. High to low heritability with moderate to low genotypic advance as percent of mean suggested these traits were governed by non additive gene thus direct selection is not beneficial. Further improvements on yield potentiality and yield traits on these genotypes are suggested by creating variation and selection. Panicle length (r = 0.230), days to flowering (r = 0.247), effective tillers (r = 0.488) and straw yield (r = 0.846) manifested significant positive association with grain yield indicating that yield can be increased if selection applied in favor of those yield components.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, association and diversity analysis in upland Rice (Oryza sativa L)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Khare ◽  
AK Singh ◽  
S Eram ◽  
PK Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Fertile Spikelet

High heritability coupled with high to moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for grain yield per plant, plant height, test weight, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and number of effective tillers per plant. Positive and significant association were observed for days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, fertile spikelet per panicle, total grains per panicle and spikelet fertility with grain yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic level, while highest positive direct effect on grain yield was recorded by fertile spikelet per panicle, total number of grains per panicle, plant height and days to 50% flowering. Based on ten quantitative traits the accessions were clustered into seven groups, the cluster III contained highest 14 accessions, followed by clusters I comprised 11 accessions and cluster VI, VII, V, IV and II have 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 accessions, respectively. The first four principal components accounted for 77.13% of total variation of all the traits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i2.21915 SAARC J. Agri., 12(2): 40-51 (2014)

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship between Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 350-358
Author(s):  
Danish Mushtaq ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Manmohan Sharma ◽  
Ashish Sheera
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines

Aim: Present study endeavors to explore the genetic variability for various agro-morphological and quality traits as well as to delineate the association between grain yield and its yield attributing components Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design Place and Duration of Study: Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, She-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu during kharif 2020. Methodology: A experiment was carried out to determine the association between grain yield and yield attributing components among advanced breeding lines of rice to establish a well grounded selection criteria for developing rice varieties with improved grain yield. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was found to be relatively greater than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for most of traits indicating role of environment in the phenotypic expression of traits. Characters viz., plant height, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length and grain yield per plant exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating their efficient inheritance from preceding generations. Results: Association studies indicated that characters viz., Plant height, total number of tillers per plant, number of effective tillers per plant, panicle length, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant had a significant positive relationship with grain yield per plot indicating their role in breeding rice varieties for higher grain yield. Conclusion: Cause and effect relationship revealed that traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, total number of tillers per plant, days to maturity, panicle length and grain yield per plant can be exploited for indirect selection for improving grain yield.

Multivariate analysis and selection criteria for identification of African rice (Oryza glaberrima) for genetic improvement of indica rice cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 499-505
Author(s):  
V. G. Ishwarya Lakshmi ◽  
M. Sreedhar ◽  
S. Vanisri ◽  
M. S. Anantha ◽  
L. V. Subba Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Oryza Glaberrima ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
African Rice ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle

AbstractThirty-one accessions of Oryza glaberrima were evaluated to study the genetic variability, correlation, path, principal component analysis (PCA) and D2 analysis. Box plots depicted high estimates of variability for days to 50% flowering and grain yield per plant in Kharif 2016, plant height, productive tillers, panicle length and 1000 seed weight in Kharif 2017. Correlation studies revealed days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, number of productive tillers, spikelets per panicle having a high direct positive association with grain yield, while path analysis identified the number of productive tillers having the maximum direct positive effect on grain yield. Days to 50% flowering via spikelets per panicle, productive tillers and plant height via spikelets per panicle exhibited high positive indirect effects on grain yield per plant. PCA showed that a cumulative variance of 54.752% from yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, spikelets per panicle and panicle length, contributing almost all the variation of traits while D2 analysis identified days to 50% flowering and grain yield per plant contributing maximum to the genetic diversity. Therefore, selection of accessions with more number of productive tillers and early maturity would be most suitable for yield improvement programme. The study has revealed the utility of African rice germplasm and its potential to utilize in the genetic improvement of indica rice varieties.

scholarly journals Effects of Chlorsulfuron 75% WDG Herbicide and Varieties on Striga Control and Sorghum Yield in Tigray, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Letemariam Desta ◽  
Dawit F. Weldearegay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Partial Budget ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Panicle Weight

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] is widely cultivated but the productivity is very low due to different factors such as Striga hermonthica. Field trails were carried out at Humera location to determine the management of striga to different rates of herbicide application to increase sorghum yield during 2017 cropping season. The trail consisted of eight treatments; 0 (control), 10, 15 and 20gha-1 rates of Chlorsulfron. The herbicide rates were assigned to the main plot while sorghum varieties were assigned to subplots, replicated three times in a split plot design. The data of days to 50%emergence, 50%flowering, plant height at maturity, Panicle length, panicle weight (g), yield per panicle (g), 1000 seed weight (g), grain yield (kg ha-1), above ground dry biomass (kg ha-1) and striga data days to first striga emergence, days to first flowering, number of striga count, branch number per striga plant, striga count per sorghum plant, striga height and biomass (kg/m2 respectively. Partial budget analysis was computed to assess the economic visibility of herbicide application where recorded. Result showed that application of herbicide rates and varieties increased plant height, panicle length, number of heads harvested per plot, panicle weight, yield per panicle, 1000 seed weight and grain yield over the control. Maximum grain yield (3725kg ha-1) was obtained from application of 15 g ha-1 Chlorsulfron with variety Deber. Days to first flowering, striga count per sorghum plant, stand counts of striga at 45DAP, 65 DAP and 85DAP M-2, branch number per plant, plant height and biomass of striga were significantly (P<0.01) affected with the application of herbicide rates and varieties. The partial budget showed that an investing of 1.0 birr on application of herbicide with varieties earn 2.34 birr. Generally, application of Chlorsulfuron75% WDG and use local variety with high yielder could be an advantage to obtain highest yield and profit for the farmers in striga infestation areas.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Divergence Studies on Yield under Delayed Sowing Conditions in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
S. Vanisri ◽  
V. Ishwrya Laxmi ◽  
K. Charles Wesly ◽  
B. Priyanka ◽  
M. Sreedhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Panicle Length

Timely sowing is a critical factor in realizing the yield as it ensures the vegetative growth to crop up during a period of satisfactory temperatures and fits the cultivar maturity length and growing season. In the present investigation, 38 cold tolerant rice genotypes were studied under delayed sowing conditions at College Farm, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad. The genotypes were evaluated for yield attributing traits with a view of understanding the extent of variability and diversity present among the genotypes that could be suitable for delayed sowing conditions with cold tolerance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant differences for all the characters with high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values for tillers per plant, spikelet fertility, filled grains per panicle and seed yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean was observed for plant height, spikelet fertility, filled grains per panicle with higher variability indicating the presence of fixable gene action which may suggest a reliable crop improvement through selection of these traits. As association analysis could help the breeder to design selection strategies to improve grain yield, correlation studies were carried out which revealed the trait to be having positive relation with all the traits except panicle exertion and panicle length. Path coefficient analysis showed all the traits except panicle exertion and test weight to be exhibiting a direct positive effect on yield, selection for which should be emphasized on these positively associated traits for yield enhancement. Principal component analysis and D2 analysis together determined plant height, grain yield, panicle exertion, panicle length and yield per plant having higher contributions to the total variability, which could be taken into consideration in rice breeding programmes for further improvement in production.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Heritability And Correlation Analysis In Quantitative Traits Of Irrigated Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-735
Author(s):  
Shiva Acharya ◽  
Abhisek Shrestha ◽  
Narayan Acharya ◽  
Ankur Poudel ◽  
Suvarna Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Rice Genotypes

A study was carried out to assess the genetic variability among the genotypes, correlation among traits and heritability of the traits to next generation. Eight rice genotypes were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications during Kharif (June-October) 2017 in experimental field of Lamjung Campus, Sundarbazaar, Lamjung, Western Nepal. The analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences for all the traits under studied, which showed the presence of genetic variability among the genotypes except ineffective tiller per m2. The higher value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain per panicle, filled grain per panicle, harvest index and grain yield. The PCV value was observed higher than the GCV value which indicated the influence of environment on the expression of the traits. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for grain per panicle, panicle length, harvest index and grain yield. However, high heritability along with moderate genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for days to 50% flowering, 1000 grain weight and plant height. The effective tiller per m2, harvest index,grain per panicle and filled grain per panicle exhibited significant and positive correlation with grain yield. Plant height and ineffective tiller perm2 exhibited negative correlation with grain yield. Grain per panicle, harvest index and grain yield could be suitable traits for selection of the rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation for Grain Yield and Related Traits in Temperate Red Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ecotypes

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar Singh SANGHERA ◽  
Subhash C. KASHYAP ◽  
Ghulam A. PARRAY
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Panicle Weight

The present study was carried out in Kashmir (India) to assess the genetic variability for grain yield and component traits among 14 red rice ecotypes from temperate region (locally known as Zag for its coloured kernels) and correlation and path coefficients were also studied for fifteen agro-morphological characters. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for grain yield, secondary branches per panicle and panicle weight; moderate for grain number per panicle, grain length:breadth (L:B) ratio and panicle density. High heritability accompanied by high to moderate genetic advance for panicle density, days to 50% flowering, plant height, grain number indicated the predominance of additive gene action for the expression of these characters. Grain yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with number of tiller per plant, panicle density m-2 and number of grain per panicle at both genotypic and phenotypic levels indicating the importance of these characters for yield improvement in this material. The results of genotypic path analysis revealed that panicle density had the highest positive direct effect followed by plant height and days to flower. The overall results indicated that selection favouring higher panicle density, test weight and panicle weight and medium plant height with a reasonable balance for moderate grain number would help to achieve higher grain yield in this population of red rice ecotypes.

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