scholarly journals ACADEMIC DISHONESTY AMONG UNDERGRADUATES OF ODUDUWA UNIVERSITY, IPETU-MODU, NIGERIA: MODERATING ROLES OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND TASK VALUE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (42) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Wasiu Olasunkanmi Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Task Value ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
And Task

The thrust of the study was to investigate the level of academic dishonesty among undergraduate students of Oduduwa University, Ipetu-modu, Nigeria, and to examine the factors that could predispose students to academic dishonesty. These were with a view to providing information on the factors that could predispose students to academic dishonesty. The study employed the survey research design. A sample of 500 students was selected for the study using a multistage sampling procedure. An adapted instrument titled “Questionnaire on Personality Traits, Task Value and Students’ Academic Dishonesty (QPTSA) was used to collect data from the students. The results showed that there was a low level of involvement in academic dishonesty among the students 286(57.5%). It was showed there was a significant relationship between extraversion (β = .051, p < 0.05), agreeableness (β = .131, p < 0.05), neuroticism (β = .327, p < 0.05), openness (β = .002, p < 0.05) and academic dishonesty, while a negative relationship existed between conscientiousness (β =.-264, p > 0.05) and academic dishonesty. Lastly, the result showed that there was a negative correlation between task value and academic dishonesty among undergraduate students (r = -.028, p >0.05). It was concluded that the incident of academic dishonesty was low among the students in the study area. However, neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness were responsible for the academic dishonesty among the students in the study area.

scholarly journals Instructor facilitation mediates students’ negative perceptions of active learning instruction

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261706
Author(s):  
Elizabeth S. Park ◽  
Ashley Harlow ◽  
Amir AghaKouchak ◽  
Brigette Baldi ◽  
Nancy Burley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Task Value ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Perceived Utility ◽  
Instructor Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Task

Studies have demonstrated students’ resistance to active learning, despite evidence illustrating that their learning is improved relative to students in lectures. Specifically, while active learning and group work are effective at engaging students in their learning process, studies report that students’ perceptions of active learning approaches are not always positive. What remains underexplored is whether students’ perceptions of active learning improve with effective instructor facilitation and whether there exists differential perceptions between racially minoritized students and represented students. Here, we estimate students’ perceptions of effective instructor facilitation as the mediator in the relationship between active learning and perceptions of learning and perceived utility for class activities (task value). Then, we examine differences by racial identification. We collected classroom observation data to empirically categorize courses as active learning or lecture-based and surveyed 4,257 college students across 25 STEM classrooms at a research-intensive university. We first examined the relationship between active learning on student perceptions and found a negative relationship between active learning and perceptions of learning and task value for both racially minoritized students and represented students. Next, we assessed whether students’ perceptions of instructor effectiveness in facilitating group activities mediate these negative relationships. We found that, on average, students of all races were more likely to positively perceive instructor facilitation in active learning classes relative to lectures. In turn, the positive perceptions of instructor facilitation partially suppressed the negative relationship between active learning and perceptions of learning and task value. These results demonstrate that effective instructor facilitation can influence both students’ self-assessment of learning and perceived utility of the learning activities, and underscores the importance of developing pedagogical competence among college instructors.

scholarly journals YOUTHS’ INVOLVEMENT IN OIL PALM (ELAEIS GUINEENSIS) FRUIT PROCESSING ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-399
Author(s):  
Julius Olatunde AYINDE ◽  
Michael FAMAKINWA ◽  
Babatunde Opeyemi AKEREDOLU
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Fresh Fruit Bunches ◽  
Multistage Sampling

This study assessed the youths’ involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities in Ondo State, Nigeria. It described the socio-economic characteristics of youths involved in oil palm fruit processing activities, determined their level of involvement, examined their perception and identified constraints associated with their involvement. Multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 120 respondents from the study area. Interview schedule was employed to collect relevant data, which was analysed with SPSS software package. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data while inferential statistics were used to draw inference on hypothesis. The results show that majority (63.3%) were male, 95.8% had formal education with a mean age of 27.2 ± 2.7 years. Picking of fresh fruit bunches ( = 2.71), packaging ( = 2.60) and gathering of bunches ( = 2.50) were the major activities youth involved in. Higher percentage (57.9%) of the youth had favourable perception towards involvement in oil palm fruit processing activities. Lack of modern processing facilities ( =3.65) and funds/inadequate credit facilities ( = 3.65) were the prime constraints to their involvement. Number of labour (r = 0.7460; p≤0.01) and income (r = 0.601; p≤0.01) of the respondents were significantly related to youth involvement. The study concluded that youth had moderate involvement in oil palm processing activities. However, agricultural development stakeholders like government should provide adequate and functional credits facilities to these youths to encourage their involvement.

Erratum

2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 577-577
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Activation Model ◽  
Moderate Negative Correlation

Takagaki, K., Okajima, I., Kunisato, Y., Nakajima, S., Kanai, Y., Ishikawa, S-I., & Sakano, Y. (2013)) Preliminary assessment of the behavioral activation model in Japanese undergraduate students. Psychological Reports, 112, 1, 47–59. The last seven lines of page 54 and the first four lines of page 55 should be cor-rected to read as follows: “The results suggest that depressive mood has a moderate positive relation-ship with avoidance (path coefficient = .44), a small but negative relationship with activation (path coefficient = −.25), and no significant relationship to attenuation of social contact. Avoidance was positively related to attenuation of social contact (path coefficient = .78). Activation had a moderate negative correlation with attenuation of social contact (path coefficient = −.41). Attenuation of social contact had a moderate negative correlation with frequency of positive reinforcement (path coefficient = −.53). In addition, frequency of positive reinforcement had a moderate negative correlation with depressive mood (path coefficient = −.48; Fig. 4).

Accurate Interpersonal Perception and Open-Mindedness

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Sawatzky ◽  
H. W. Zingle
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Test

The primary intent of this study was to investigate the relationship between “open-mindedness” and accuracy of interpersonal perception. Specifically, a negative correlation was hypothesized between scores on the Rokeach (1960) Dogmatism Scale and total test scores on the Cline Interpersonal Perception Test. The sample included 70 graduate and 61 undergraduate students. The hypothesis was not confirmed. However, a significant ( p < .05) negative relationship was evident between dogmatism and the subtest of the Cline subtest, “Perception and Memory of Verbal Stimuli.” When the total sample was divided into five subgroups according to level of dogmatism, no significant differences were noted on the film test performances. However, the group with the highest dogmatism scores obtained the highest scores on 3 of the 4 subtests. Suggested improvements of the film test questionnaires are discussed.

scholarly journals Role of Parenting Styles in Determining Self-Esteem and Loneliness among Undergraduate Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Nayak ◽  
Arshiya Kochar
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem

A child’s personality and behaviour has always been a reflection of his/her upbringing and the values that the parents have given him or her. Each parent has their own way to deal with their children. Parenting style has often seem to affect a child’s personality traits like persistence, trust, forgiveness, or attributes like self-efficacy, identity formation, or behaviour like aggressiveness, etc. To further explore the role of parenting style, this study aims to see its role in determining self-esteem and loneliness. To fulfill this purpose, a sample of 100 undergraduate students was drawn from Delhi University, and parenting style, self-esteem and loneliness were measured. The findings revealed a positive relationship between parenting styles and loneliness and a negative relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem.

scholarly journals Employee Behaviors toward Using and Saving Energy at Work. The Impact of Personality Traits

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3404
Author(s):  
Dawid Szostek
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to determine how personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to experience) affect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBE), especially in the context of energy saving. The purpose is also to verify the hypothesis that this impact is significantly moderated by individuals’ demographic characteristic (sex, age, length of service, work type and economic sector of employment). To achieve the purposes, a survey was conducted in 2020 on 454 working people from Poland. The analysis was based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The research model assumed that particular types of personality affect direct and indirect OCBEs, including energy-saving patterns. The model also included the aforementioned demographic characteristics of respondents. I proved that personality traits have a significant impact on direct and indirect organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. In the case of direct OCBEs, the energy-saving items that were most significantly affected by employee personality were: I am a person who turns off my lights when leaving my office for any reason; I am a person who turns off the lights in a vacant room; I am a person who makes sure all of the lights are turned off if I am the last to leave. The strongest predicators were Neuroticism (negative relationship) and Agreeableness (positive relationship) for direct OCBE, but Extraversion (positive relationship) and Agreeableness (negative relationship) for indirect OCBE. The impact of an individual’s personality on OCBE was significantly moderated mainly for indirect behaviors. This applied to all the analyzed demographic variables, but it was stronger for women, employees aged up to 40 years, those with 10 years or more experience, office/clerical workers, and public sector employees. The article discusses the theoretical framework, research limitations, future research directions and practical implications.

Topography of the Anxious Self: Abnormal Rest-Task Modulation in Social Anxiety Disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 107385842110304
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Lucherini Angeletti ◽  
Andrea Scalabrini ◽  
Valdo Ricca ◽  
Georg Northoff
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Unspecific Symptom ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
State Feature ◽  
And Task

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by social anxiety/fear, self-attention, and interoception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies demonstrate increased activity during symptom-sensitive tasks in regions of the default-mode network (DMN), amygdala (AMG), and salience network (SN). What is the source of this task-unspecific symptom-sensitive hyperactivity in DMN? We address this question by probing SAD resting state (rs) changes in DMN including their relation to other regions as possible source of task-unspecific hyperactivity in the same regions. Our findings show the following: (1) rs-hypoconnectivity within-DMN regions; (2) rs-hyperconnectivity between DMN and AMG/SN; (3) task-evoked hyperactivity in the abnormal rs-regions of DMN and AMG/SN during different symptom-sensitive tasks; (4) negative relationship of rest and task changes in especially anterior DMN regions as their rs-hypoconnectivity is accompanied by task-unspecific hyperactivity; (5) abnormal top-down/bottom-up modulation between anterior DMN regions and AMG during rest and task. Findings demonstrate that rs-hypoconnectivity among DMN regions is negatively related to task-unspecific hyperactivity in DMN and AMG/SN. We propose a model of “Topography of the Anxious Self” in SAD (TAS-SAD). Abnormal DMN-AMG/SN topography during rest, as trait feature of an “unstable social self”, is abnormally aggravated during SAD-sensitive situations resulting in task-related hyperactivity in the same regions with an “anxious self” as state feature.

scholarly journals Blood pressure level and laboratory indicators of disease severity in patients with arterial hypertension and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Popov ◽  
A Novitskiy ◽  
Y Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Nonparametric Correlation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background. Many patients with COVID-19 suffer from arterial hypertension and have marked variations in blood pressure (BP) during the acute period of infection. The reasons for such changes are poorly understood. Purpose. To assess the relationship between the level of BP and the severity of changes in the main clinical and laboratory parameters in patients with arterial hypertension and with a moderate course of COVID-19 at the stage of the height of the disease. Materials and methods. The study included 86 hospitalized patients with verified coronavirus disease of moderate severity: 46 of them were male, the median age was 65 years. Patients received adequate hypertension therapy for a long time. After hospitalization, treatment was adjusted if necessary. The level of laboratory parameters in the acute period of the disease was determined, including the electrolytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, ferritin, general blood test, etc. BP measured daily. The relationship between laboratory parameters and BP level was evaluated by nonparametric correlation using the Spearman coefficient and multivariate analysis based on the "generalized nonlinear model". Results. In 67.44% of patients with hypertension, an elevated BP level (&gt;140/90) was observed against the background of moderate COVID-19. There was a significant negative correlation between the levels of CRP and BP throughout the stay in the hospital, the most significant is the 5th day of hospitalization. At the same time, a slightly stronger relationship is observed with diastolic BP (r = -0.4425) than with systolic BP (r = -0.3525). A similar trend is observed in all BP measurements. Besides, a negative correlation was found between potassium levels and BP values. The strongest association of potassium levels is with systolic BP on the day of hospitalization (r = -0.4850) and diastolic pressure on the 1st day of hospitalization (r = -0.3561). Multivariate analysis confirmed independent and reliable "influence" of CRP (p = 0.00018) and potassium (p = 0.03921) as independent predictors of diastolic pressure. Conclusions. Most patients with hypertension and moderate COVID-19 have elevated BP levels. There is a statistically significant negative relationship between the values of BP and levels of CRP and potassium. The obtained data may correspond to the existing hypothesis about the significant role of the kinin–kallikrein system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Growth Analysis and the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Small-Scale Poultry Subsector in Delta State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-772
Author(s):  
Roli Juliet Egbe ◽  
Achoja Roland Onomu ◽  
Pius Chinwuba Ike ◽  
Isiorhovoja Rodney Akpoviri
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
Poultry Farming

Entrepreneurial orientation is vital to growth and development, but lacking in many small-scale enterprises. This study investigated growth and entrepreneurial orientation in the small-scale poultry subsector of Delta State, Nigeria. It also ascertained the drivers of poultry entrepreneurial orientation in the study area. A multistage sampling procedure was used to collect primary data from 180 poultry farmers, through a questionnaire. A four-point Likert scale of five items was used to measure entrepreneurial orientation from innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including gross margins, an autoregressive lag model, and logistic regression. The majority (57.7%) of the farmers are female. The small-scale poultry entrepreneurs had an orientation that was above average. The autoregressive lag model result indicated an increase in stock size and gross margins of poultry enterprises. It was forecast that the growth trend would increase up to 2022. Furthermore, the ANOVA result was statistically significant at 0.002*** and 0.001*** for stock size and gross margins, respectively. Years of experience and training in poultry farming and noninvolvement of entrepreneurs in other occupations influence their entrepreneurial orientation. Poultriy entrepreneurs must be trained while they adopt poultry farming as their principal occupation.

Personality and Ideology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Osborne ◽  
Nicole Satherley ◽  
Chris G. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Vast Literature ◽  
Political Conservatism ◽  
The Relationship

Research since the 1990s reveals that openness to experience—a personality trait that captures interest in novelty, creativity, unconventionalism, and open-mindedness—correlates negatively with political conservatism. This chapter summarizes this vast literature by meta-analyzing 232 unique samples (N = 575,691) that examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and conservatism. The results reveal that the negative relationship between openness to experience and conservatism (r = −.145) is nearly twice as big as the next strongest correlation between personality and ideology (namely, conscientiousness and conservatism; r = .076). The associations between personality traits and conservatism were, however, substantively larger in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries than in non-WEIRD countries. The chapter concludes by reviewing recent longitudinal work demonstrating that openness to experience and conservatism are non-causally related. Collectively, the chapter shows that openness to experience is by far the strongest (negative) correlate of conservatism but that there is little evidence that this association is causal.

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