scholarly journals MEASURING THE SKILLS OF LEADERSHIP AND INSTRUCTIONAL COACHES FOR SCHOOLS TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Jeffri Idris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
School Transformation ◽  
Feedback Session ◽  
Instructional Coaches ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Component Skill ◽  
Simulation Session ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Skill Component

The study aims to determine the levels of coaching skills among the school transformation coaches. They are specially selected mainly to assist school leaders and teachers in transforming the schools and students towards excellence. The objectives of this study are first, to assess the levels of listening and questioning skills, and second, to identify the extent of the related skills being used. There are five listening sub-skills and five questioning sub-skills identified for the purpose of this study. It comprises 43 participants selected from 110 coaches who have been involved since the program started in 2016. The study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The participants are required to carry out a coaching simulation session. Each of them is given 20 minutes to conduct the session and 10 minutes for the feedback session. They are assessed by two certified coaches for each session. A checklist form and grading form are used as instruments. There are four levels of competency to identify the participants’ listening and questioning skills known as Ineffective (1), Developing (2), Skilled (3) and Excellent (4). The results of the study found that most of the participants are at the ‘Skilled’ level for both listening and questioning skills. The former was at the Mean level of 3.33 and the latter was at 3.58. Further analyses for listening component skill find that the sub-skill of ‘making conclusion’ is used by most of the participants and the sub-skill of ‘using decision-making tools’ is the least used. For questioning skill component, the sub-skill of ‘using appropriate open and closed questions’ is the most used and the sub-skill of ‘creating awareness for decision-making improvement’ is the least used. It can be concluded that the participants’ have good skills in listening and questioning for coaching. It is suggested that they need to further develop their skills in helping their coaches to make the decision using appropriate tools and for improvement.

Pregnancy and Fertility Trends Among Female Otolaryngologists

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110645
Author(s):  
Makenzie Huguet ◽  
Angela Beliveau ◽  
Sandra L. Taylor ◽  
Debbie A. Aizenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
General Population ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Workplace Support ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
The Mean

Objective This study sought to determine childbearing patterns and decision making among female otolaryngologists. Study Design Anonymous survey. Setting An anonymous survey was sent in 2020 to female otolaryngologists identified through their membership with the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. Methods Data were analyzed concerning individual fertility and childbearing history, reflections regarding decision making, perceptions of workplace support, and estimations of objective childbearing potential. Results There were 398 responses. The mean age at first pregnancy was 32.3 years. Almost one-third of respondents who attempted to conceive (30.4%) were diagnosed with infertility. Of those who had their first pregnancy during training, 55% reported having substantial workplace support, as opposed to 70% of those whose first pregnancies followed completion of training ( P = .01). When asked what they would do differently in retrospect, most women with infertility (65.0%) would have attempted conception earlier; 41 (41.0%) would have used cryopreservation to extend fertility; and 14 (14.0%) would have gone into a different specialty. Conclusion Female otolaryngologist respondents have children later in life than the general population, and a substantial proportion face infertility or have regrets about family planning decisions and career decision making. Increased awareness, further investigation, and targeted programs are needed to support the growing number of female otolaryngologists who desire both a career and a family.

scholarly journals Relationship between alexithymia and career decision -making self-efficacy among Tenth and Eleventh grade students in Muscat governorate

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sheikh Hammoud ◽  
Bakkar S. Bakkar ◽  
Yousef Abdulqader Abu Shendi ◽  
Yousuf Saif Al Rujaibi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

 The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between alexithymia and career decision -making self-efficacy among Tenth and Eleventh grade students in Muscat governorate. To achieve this purpose,  Alexithymia Scale (AS),and CDMSE Short Form were administered to a total sample of 556 students of Tenth and Eleventh grades ( (n = 278) males and (n = 278) females . Findings revealed that the level of alexithymia was less than the mean of items, while the level of CDMSE was more than the mean of items, as well as there was no significant correlational relationship between alexithymia and CDMSE. The findings also indicated that there were significant gender differences in alexithymia, while there were no significant gender differences in CDMSE. With regard to GPA, the findings revealed that there were no significant differences in alexithymia, while there were significant differences in CDMSE. Conclusion: It concludes that although there was no significant correlational relationship between alexithymia and career decision-making self-efficacy, alexithymia negatively affects individual’s decisions in life.

Syncope in Commercial Pilots and New Regulatory Guidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 642-649
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Anderton ◽  
Stuart J. Mitchell ◽  
Sean S. ONunain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Regulatory Guidance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regulatory Perspective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regulatory Practice ◽  
Underlying Pathology

INTRODUCTION: Syncope is both incapacitating and unpredictable, presenting a significant challenge in aircrew assessment. Previous UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) guidance lacked transparency and relied heavily on specialist in-house cardiology and neurology opinion. A new algorithm was developed which elaborated and formalized the decision-making process. An analysis of its impact on historic cases was undertaken to ensure it aligned with previous certificatory outcomes.METHODS: The medical literature on syncope and the approaches of other national aviation authorities were reviewed to help inform the development of a new algorithm. Using syncope cases in the CAA database, regulatory outcomes generated using the new algorithm were compared with previous decisions in terms of time off from flying (TOF) and Operational Multi-Crew Limitation (OML) duration.RESULTS: There were 40 historic syncope cases (25 existing certificate holders,15 initial applicants) which were reassessed using the new algorithm. The mean TOF for existing pilots using the new algorithm was 7.1 9.8 (mean SD) vs. 4.2 3.5 mo under the old guidance with an OML duration of 21.4 34.9 vs. 24.5 25.2 mo. One less initial applicant experienced a delay to certification. Four cases with underlying pathology were detected using old and new guidance.DISCUSSION: The reassessment of cases showed no statistically significant difference in TOF and OML duration; this is a positive finding from a regulatory perspective, enabling algorithm-led decision-making with less reliance on in-house expertise. A similar approach may be useful in future updates to other areas of regulatory practice.Anderton RA, Mitchell SJ, ONunain SS. Syncope in commercial pilots and new regulatory guidance. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(8):642649.

Aeromedical Decision Making for Military Aircrew with Graves’ Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-986
Author(s):  
Edwin Hong-Teck Loh ◽  
Feng Wei Soh ◽  
Brian See ◽  
Benjamin Boon Chuan Tan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stable Maintenance ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Graves’ Disease (GD) is a common cause of hyperthyroidism. Although definitive treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI) is preferred for military aircrew, there are cultural and individual differences in receptivity toward RAI, and clinical guidelines that recommend antithyroid drugs (ATD) as the first line therapy. We examined a case series of Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) aviators with GD treated with ATD and the impact of their condition on aeromedical disposition.CASE SERIES: All RSAF aircrew diagnosed with GD and treated with ATD over a 15-yr period were retrospectively identified and analyzed to determine the impact on their fitness for flying duties. The mean age of the 13 aircrew was 33 ± 7.1 yr (range, 25–47 yr), with 11 (84.6%) being males. There were 10 (76.9%) who had ATD as the only treatment while 3 (23.1%) were initially treated with ATD but subsequently underwent RAI or surgery. Of the 10 treated with only ATD, 3 (30.0%) were returned to restricted flying, 6 (60.0%) were returned to unrestricted flying, and 1 (10.0%) is still undergoing ATD titration. There were 10 (76.9%) aircrew who were returned to some form of flying duties while on low doses of ATD.DISCUSSION: This case series suggests that ATD is a viable treatment modality in the aeromedical management of military aviators with GD and it is possible to return military aircrew on a stable maintenance dose of ATD to flying duties. A framework is proposed to support the aeromedical decision-making process for military aircrew in the treatment of GD.Loh EH-T, Soh FW, See B, Tan BBC. Aeromedical decision making for military aircrew with Graves’ disease. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(12):980–986.

scholarly journals Benefit–Risk Tradeoffs in Assessment of New Drugs and Devices

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (20) ◽  
pp. 1974-1988
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kaul ◽  
Norman Stockbridge ◽  
Javed Butler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Benefit Risk Assessment

Balancing benefits and risks is a complex task that poses a major challenge, both to the approval of new medicines and devices by regulatory authorities and in therapeutic decision-making in practice. Several analysis methods and visualization tools have been developed to help evaluate and communicate whether the benefit–risk profile is favorable or unfavorable. In this White Paper, we describe approaches to benefit–risk assessment using qualitative approaches such as the Benefit Risk Action Team framework developed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, and the Benefit–Risk Framework developed by the United States Food and Drug Administration; and quantitative approaches such as the numbers needed to treat for benefit and harm, the benefit–risk ratio, and Incremental Net Benefit. We give illustrative examples of benefit–risk evaluations using 4 treatment interventions including sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes; a direct antithrombin agent, dabigatran, for reducing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation; transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve stenosis; and antiplatelet agents vorapaxar and prasugrel for reducing cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Regular applications of structured benefit–risk assessment, whether qualitative, quantitative, or both, enabled by easy-to-understand graphical presentations that capture uncertainties around the benefit–risk metric, may aid shared decision-making and enhance transparency of those decisions.

scholarly journals Medical Students' Perception of Residents as Teachers: Comparing Effectiveness of Residents and Faculty During Simulation Debriefings

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan D. Cooper ◽  
Adam B. Wilson ◽  
Gretchen N. Huffman ◽  
Aloysius J. Humbert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Faculty Evaluations ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Case Type ◽  
Simulation Session ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Residents As Teachers

Abstract Background Simulation can enhance undergraduate medical education. However, the number of faculty facilitators needed for observation and debriefing can limit its use with medical students. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emergency medicine (EM) residents with that of EM faculty in facilitating postcase debriefings. Methods The EM clerkship at Indiana University School of Medicine requires medical students to complete one 2-hour mannequin-based simulation session. Groups of 5 to 6 students participated in 3 different simulation cases immediately followed by debriefings. Debriefings were led by either an EM faculty volunteer or EM resident volunteer. The Debriefing Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare (DASH) participant form was completed by students to evaluate each individual providing the debriefing. Results In total, 273 DASH forms were completed (132 EM faculty evaluations and 141 EM resident evaluations) for 7 faculty members and 9 residents providing the debriefing sessions. The mean total faculty DASH score was 32.42 and mean total resident DASH score was 32.09 out of a possible 35. There were no statistically significant differences between faculty and resident scores overall (P  =  .36) or by case type (Ptrauma  =  .11, Pmedical  =  .19, Ppediatrics  =  .48). Conclusions EM residents were perceived to be as effective as EM faculty in debriefing medical students in a mannequin-based simulation experience. The use of residents to observe and debrief students may allow additional simulations to be incorporated into undergraduate curricula and provide valuable teaching opportunities for residents.

Lecture-based versus problem-based learning in ethics education among nursing students

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1753-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Khatiban ◽  
Seyede Nayereh Falahan ◽  
Roya Amini ◽  
Afshin Farahanchi ◽  
Alireza Soltanian
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Moral Development ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethics Education ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Nursing Ethics ◽  
Moral Decision ◽  
Moral Decision Making ◽  
The Mean

Background: Moral reasoning is a vital skill in the nursing profession. Teaching moral reasoning to students is necessary toward promoting nursing ethics. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of problem-based learning and lecture-based methods in ethics education in improving (1) moral decision-making, (2) moral reasoning, (3) moral development, and (4) practical reasoning among nursing students. Research design: This is a repeated measurement quasi-experimental study. Participants and research context: The participants were nursing students in a University of Medical Sciences in west of Iran who were randomly assigned to the lecture-based (n = 33) or the problem-based learning (n = 33) groups. The subjects were provided nursing ethics education in four 2-h sessions. The educational content was similar, but the training methods were different. The subjects completed the Nursing Dilemma Test before, immediately after, and 1 month after the training. The data were analyzed and compared using the SPSS-16 software. Ethical considerations: The program was explained to the students, all of whom signed an informed consent form at the baseline. Findings: The two groups were similar in personal characteristics (p > 0.05). A significant improvement was observed in the mean scores on moral development in the problem-based learning compared with the lecture-based group (p < 0.05). Although the mean scores on moral reasoning improved in both the problem-based learning and the lecture-based groups immediately after the training and 1 month later, the change was significant only in the problem-based learning group (p < 0.05). The mean scores on moral decision-making, practical considerations, and familiarity with dilemmas were relatively similar for the two groups. Conclusion: The use of the problem-based learning method in ethics education enhances moral development among nursing students. However, further studies are needed to determine whether such method improves moral decision-making, moral reasoning, practical considerations, and familiarity with the ethical issues among nursing students.

Fatigue Reliability Based Optimal Replacement Decision of Mechanical Components

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Young Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Random Process ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Cumulative Damage ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Damage Distribution ◽  
Optimal Replacement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mechanical Components

This paper introduces a maintenance decision-making strategy in the general area of replacement and reliability of mechanical components. The decision-making strategy involves the optimization of replacement interval based on fatigue failure of mechanical components. This new approach is based on the cumulative damage distribution function for evaluating mean fatigue life. By using the approach, the analytical expressions for the mean and the variance of the cumulative damage distribution under both stationary narrow-band and stationary wide-band random process are provided. The mean value and variance of the fatigue life distribution are thus evaluated to determine the optimal replacement intervals under fatigue failure. An algorithm of evaluating the mean and standard deviation of fatigue life is also presented. Therefore, the reliability of a component under random cyclic loading for a specified duration is quantified accordingly. Even though the new method introduces a great deal of complexity in the analytical models, this method can efficiently determine replacement intervals for component whose operating costs increases with use and replacement intervals for component subject to failure induced by the random process. An example is presented to demonstrate the application of the present method.

scholarly journals 4525 Estimates of Dose Response using the Dixon Up-and-Down Method and BOIN study designs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 48-48
Author(s):  
Charles Gene Minard
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Transition Probability Matrices ◽  
Probability Matrices ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Dose Levels

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Dixon up-and-down method (U/D), original developed for testing explosives, is especially common in anesthesia research studies. The objective of this research is to compare the performance of the U/D method for obtaining and analyzing sensitivity data with that of the Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) method. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A simulation study will compare the performance of the U/D method with the BOIN design. The two study designs offer alternative decision-making algorithms with respect to the dose at which the next experimental unit is treated. These alternative decisions may impact the precision of point estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the effective dose to elicit a response. Transition probability matrices are developed, and maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters assessed for accuracy. For simulation, the effective dose is assumed to be randomly distributed with a known mean and standard deviation. Fixed dose levels are defined, and decisions for what level the next experimental unit should be treated at are defined by the Dixon up-and-down method and the BOIN design. For the U/D method, the stimulus is increased by one level in the absence of a response or decreased if a response occurs from an initial stimulus. A target toxicity probability of 0.50 is used to define the dose escalation or de-escalation rules for the application of the BOIN design. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A feature of both methods is that the consecutive observations are concentrated about the mean value of the effective dose. However, the BOIN design tends to be more concentrated between these two dose levels. In the presence of severe adverse events, the BOIN design can choose to eliminate doses that are too toxic whereas the U/D design cannot eliminate any dose levels. Transition probability matrices are defined and parameters for the distribution of the effective dose are estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Mean squared errors for the estimated mean and standard deviations compare the two study designs. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The BOIN design offers an alternative method for decision-making compared with the U/D method. The BOIN design tends to concentrate dose levels about the mean more than the U/D. This may provide better estimates of the mean and standard deviation of the effective dose for eliciting a response in some circumstances.

scholarly journals The Information Needs of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients and Their Parents in the UK: An Online Survey

Healthcare ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Shaun Wellburn ◽  
Paul van Schaik ◽  
Josette Bettany-Saltikov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
The Uk

Patients’ involvement in decision-making regarding their own health care is considered to be of great importance. However, their information needs are frequently reported to be unfulfilled. Few studies have investigated the knowledge, information and support needs of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients and their families. Furthermore, previous studies have predominantly focussed on information needs relating to surgery. No previous studies have been conducted to specifically identify the information needs of AIS patients and their families. An online survey consisting of 18 questions was conducted to investigate the information needs of AIS patients and their families. Completed surveys of 83 participants (76 female, 7 male) from 44 differing postcode areas were analysed. The mean age of the respondents with scoliosis was 13.3 years (SD = 1.9; range = 10–18). Participants identified with feelings including worry, anxiety and being upset. The main information needs related to the cause and prognosis of the condition. Where participants had received information, there were contrasting views of the quality. The findings of this study stress the necessity for information materials to be accurate and applicable to each individual patient. Furthermore, the information should be presented in such a way as to be easily understandable, yet contain the necessary information required by AIS patients and their families.

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