Phytohormones and signal mediators in regulation of stomatal apparatus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-40
Author(s):  
Yu. E. Kolupaev ◽  
◽  
T.O. Yastreb ◽  
A. I. Kokorev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Signal Mediators

Extracellular Vesicles as Innovative Tools for AssessingAdverse Effects of Immunosuppressant Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Lucafò ◽  
Serena De Biasi ◽  
Debora Curci ◽  
Alessia Norbedo ◽  
Gabriele Stocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Signal Mediators ◽  
Diagnostic And Prognostic Value

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous family of small vesicles released by donor cells and absorbed by recipient cells, which represent important mediators with fundamental roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs are present in a large variety of biological fluids and have a great diagnostic and prognostic value. They have gained the interest of the scientific community due to their extreme versatility. In fact, they allow us to hypothesize new therapeutic strategies since, in addition to being cell signal mediators, they play an important role as biomarkers, drug vehicles, and potential new therapeutic agents. They are also involved in immunoregulation, have the ability to transmit resistance to a drug from one cell to a more sensitive one, and can act as drug delivery systems. Objective: The main reciprocal interactions between EVs and immunosuppressive drugs will be presented. Results: The known interactions between EVs and immunosuppressive drugs, in particular, cyclosporin, glucocorticoids, rapamycin, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, eculizumab, infliximab, certolizumab, etanercept, glatiramer acetate, and fingolimod are presented. Conclusion: This review provides relevant information on the links between EVs and immunosuppressive drugs with a focus on EVs' role as tools to assess effects of immunosuppressants, suggesting innovative properties and new possible therapeutic uses.

Comparative leaf blade anatomy and micromorphology in the systematics and phylogeny of Bambusoideae (Poaceae: Poales)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales D Leandro ◽  
Vera L Scatena ◽  
Lynn G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
General Description ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Surface View ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

Abstract Leaf blade anatomical and micromorphological data have increasingly proved to be useful in the systematics and phylogeny of Bambusoideae. The presence of well-developed, asymmetrically strongly infolded mesophyll cells (arm cells) as seen in cross-section is regarded a synapomorphy for bamboos, whereas many well-known, widely used features for diagnosing groups remain to be formally tested in a comprehensive phylogenetic framework. In this review, we investigate the use of anatomical and micromorphological features in defining and delimiting minor and major groups in Bambusoideae. A general description of the leaf blade as seen in cross-section and surface view is provided for the subfamily, as well as features commonly found in the three currently recognized tribes (Arundinarieae, Bambuseae and Olyreae) and their subtribes. Some features, including midrib vasculature, fusoid cells and stomatal apparatus, are discussed in the light of systematic and phylogenetic perspectives, along with a clarification of terminology. Illustrations of relevant features are also provided. This review allowed us to elucidate anatomical and micromorphological features useful in defining and delimiting lineages but also to highlight some research priorities in Bambusoideae.

scholarly journals Influence of stomatal characteristics on yield and yield attributes of rice

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKM Golam Sarwar ◽  
M Abdul Karim ◽  
SMA Masud Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Important Trait

Stomatal distribution is found to be an important trait of rice cultivars for increasing yield. A total of six rice cultivars, three from each of inbred and hybrid cultivars, were used to study stomatal distribution on the leaf epidermis and its influence on yield and yield attributing characters of rice during the Boro season. The hybrid cultivars exhibited superiority in respect of number of stomata, length and breadth of stomatal apparatus. They also produced longer panicle, higher number of filled grains panicle–1, heavier grains and finally, higher grain yield ha–1 than inbreds. The higher grain yield of the hybrid cultivars might be due to higher number of large sized stomata causing higher photosynthetic efficacy, although, they produced relatively lower number of effective tillers hill–1. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18207 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 47-52, 2013

scholarly journals Opportunistic survival strategy ofWelwitschia mirabilis: recent anatomical and ecophysiological studies elucidating stomatal behaviour and photosynthetic potential

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H.J. Krüger ◽  
A. Jordaan ◽  
L.R. Tiedt ◽  
R.J. Strasser ◽  
M. Kilbourn Louw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential

We present new findings on leaf and stomatal apparatus anatomy and ecophysiology of Welwitschia mirabilis Hook.f. that are relevant to survival in the desert. We show that the structure of the stomatal apparatus with thin areas in the guard cell walls is a key feature enabling an opportunistic survival strategy through reversible quick switch-over from water conservation to CO2assimilation. Desert environment and greenhouse data demonstrated that stomatal conductance increased almost immediately after dawn to reach a maximum within approximately an hour, whereupon a steep decrease occurred. After discontinuation of induced drought in potted plants, fast recovery of stomatal conductance occurred while copious new root hairs developed within 50 h. Stomatal limitation proved to be the main photosynthetic constraint under induced drought. Under severe drought stress, biochemical limitation came into play. Chlorophyll fluorescence data of in-situ plants showed that the photosynthetic potential of leaf tissue is highest near the basal meristem, but although it decreases with age, it retains activity up to the leaf apex at the end of the green part. The photosynthetic potential of potted plants was optimal at 20 °C, analogous to mesophytic plants. Our data confirms our hypothesis that leaf surface and stomatal structure play a crucial role in moisture conservation and moderating leaf temperature for desert survival.

scholarly journals Interplay of Signal Mediators of Decapentaplegic (Dpp): Molecular Characterization of Mothers against dpp, Medea, and Daughters against dpp

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2145-2156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Inoue ◽  
Takeshi Imamura ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishidou ◽  
Masao Takase ◽  
Yoshiyuki Udagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Smad Proteins ◽  
Signal Mediators

Decapentaplegic (Dpp) plays an essential role inDrosophila development, and analyses of the Dpp signaling pathway have contributed greatly to understanding of the actions of the TGF-β superfamily. Intracellular signaling of the TGF-β superfamily is mediated by Smad proteins, which are now grouped into three classes. Two Smads have been identified inDrosophila. Mothers against dpp (Mad) is a pathway-specific Smad, whereas Daughters against dpp (Dad) is an inhibitory Smad genetically shown to antagonize Dpp signaling. Here we report the identification of a common mediator Smad inDrosophila, which is closely related to human Smad4. Mad forms a heteromeric complex with Drosophila Smad4 (Medea) upon phosphorylation by Thick veins (Tkv), a type I receptor for Dpp. Dad stably associates with Tkv and thereby inhibits Tkv-induced Mad phosphorylation. Dad also blocks hetero-oligomerization and nuclear translocation of Mad. We also show that Mad exists as a monomer in the absence of Tkv stimulation. Tkv induces homo-oligomerization of Mad, and Dad inhibits this step. Finally, we propose a model for Dpp signaling by Drosophila Smad proteins.

scholarly journals Quantitative Anatomical Characteristics of the Leaf Blades of the Several Species of Crataegus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
V. A. Sagaradze ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
E. I. Kalenikova ◽  
N. A. Trusov ◽  
E. V. Peshchanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medical Utilization ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features

Introduction. The Crataegus L. (Hawthorn) is a common herb in numerous Pharmacopoeias. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation provides hawthorn fruits and flowers for medical utilization. With that, the literature data confirms the medical utility of hawthorn leaves since the “leaves” and the “flowers with leaves” have pharmacopoeial status worldwide. Therefore, those are considered as prospective forms of Crataegus raw material for Russian pharmaceutical production. However, most species remain poorly pharmacognostically investigated regarding the quantitative microscopic characteristics (the sizes of stomatal apparatus (SA) and epidermal leaf blade (LB) trichomes), which could be substantial for establishing the authenticity of the raw material.Aim. Examine epidermal anatomy of Crataegus spp. Leaf blades (LBs) and perform a comparative study of several quantitative diagnostic features of LBs of hawthorn plants from the sect. Sanguineae and the sect. Crataegus, growing in diverse regions of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. Samples of hawthorn leaves (C. sanguinea, C. maximowiczii, C. dahurica, C. rhipidophylla, C. monogyna and C. pallasii) were collected in natural habitats in Western Siberia (Kemerovo) and in arboretums of Botanical Gardens (Moscow, Stavropol). Measurements of anatomical structures were carried out using a light microscope accompanied by an ocular micrometre.Results and discussion. The LB surface phenotypic diversity within hawthorn species and sections was studied. The LBs were described in terms of meterages (longitude and width) of SA, meterages and shape of sedentary multicellular leaf teeth glands. The peculiarities of pubescence and the sizes of simple unicellular non-glandular trichomes were also observed.Conclusion. The results of quantitative anatomical examination provided the characteristic features determining these elements at the species and section levels. Thus, it may facilitate authentication and quality control of whole or ground Crataegus medicinal raw material.

scholarly journals Anatomical structure of the stem Bidens tripartita (Asteraceae) in connection with habitat

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
S. V. Shabalkina ◽  
E. A. Shuleva
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
Bidens Tripartita ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus

Internal structure of the stem in internodes of metamers middle and upper zones of inhibition, amplificationzone in generative individuals Bidens tripartita L. is described. It is of a transitional type, for a longer length – hollow.Epidermis with an anomocytic type of stomatal apparatus. Anatomical structure of the stem in plants from two communitieswas compared. Due to close biotope conditions, the biometric parameters of the structures do not differ.

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