Кпубликациикниги«С.С.Дукельский.Итогидеятельностиукраинскойконтрреволюции(такназываемого“правительстваунр”исоциалсоглашательскихпартийу.с.-д.иу.с.-р.)19171920гг.

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-317
Author(s):  
F.K. Leonid
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Authentic Work

The following is a publication of the book S.S. Dukelsky. The Results of Ukrainian Counterrevolutionary Activity (activities of the socalled Government of the Ukrainian Peoples Republic and various compromised socialist parties in the Ukraine). This book, prepared for publication as a manuscript, is an incredibly important, authentic source on the activity of the Extraordinary Commision (VChK) in the Ukraine, prepared by the members of this organization for their private use. This source is included into the context of the memoirs, published in the 1950 1960s by N. Ravich, a man who like Dukelsky worked in the Extraordinary Commission in the Ukraine. The works of N. Ravich and S. Dukelsky allow us to question the authenticity of the typed text, attributed to L.D. Trotsky Petliura, the Vatican and the French Freemasons , based on the materials of the Special Department of the Extraordinary Commission. The given publication is the authentic work of S. Dukelsky, which is the forerunner of the wellknown typed 1923 text (whose exact provenance remains unknown) it belongs to the same author and was published by Y. Felshtinsky in the late 20th century. Today it remains one of the fundamental sources (written both in Russian and Ukrainian) that verifies numerous documents with unclear provenance on the history of the Extraordinary Commission in the Ukraine. The commentary to the publication is meant to restore the historic and bibliographic background to the published document, and to aid researchers in restoring the historic events, as they were perceived by members of the Extraordinary Commissions and their Ukrainian counterparts.Ниже приводится публикация книги С. С. Дукельского. Результаты украинской контрреволюционной деятельности (деятельность так называемого правительства Украинской Народной Республики и различных компрометированных социалистических партий на Украине). Эта книга, подготовленная к изданию в виде рукописи, является невероятно важным, достоверным источником о деятельности Чрезвычайной Комиссии (ВЧК) на Украине, подготовленным членами этой организации для их личного пользования. Этот источник включен в контекст мемуаров, опубликованных в 19501960х годах Н. Равич, человек, которыйкак и Дукельскийработал в Чрезвычайной Комиссии на Украине. Работы Н. Равича и С. Дукельского позволяют усомниться в подлинности машинописного текста, приписываемого Л. Д. Троцкому Петлюра, Ватикан и французские масоны, основанного на материалах Особого отдела Чрезвычайной Комиссии. Данное издание является подлинным произведением С. Дукельского, которое является предшественником известного машинописного текста 1923 года (точное происхождение которого остается неизвестным) оно принадлежит тому же автору и было опубликовано Ю. Фельштинским в конце 20 века. Сегодня она остается одним из фундаментальных источников (написанных как на русском, так и на украинском языках), который проверяет многочисленные документы с неясным происхождением по истории Чрезвычайной Комиссии на Украине. Комментарий к публикации призван восстановить историкобиблиографическую подоплеку опубликованного документа, а также помочь исследователям в восстановлении исторических событий, как они воспринимались членами чрезвычайных комиссий и их украинскими коллегами

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

The History of Christian Missions to Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Etherington
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
French Revolution ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Christianity came very early to Africa, as attested by the Gospels. The agencies by which it spread across North Africa and into the Kingdom of Aksum remain largely unknown. Even after the rise of Islam cut communications between sub-Saharan Africa and the churches of Rome and Constantinople, it survived in the eastern Sudan kingdom of Nubia until the 15th century and never died in Ethiopia. The documentary history of organized missions begins with the Roman Catholic monastic orders founded in the 13th century. Their evangelical work in Africa was closely bound up with Portuguese colonialism, which both helped and hindered their operations. Organized European Protestant missions date from the 18th-century evangelical awakening and were much less creatures of states. Africa was a particular object of attention for Evangelicals opposed to slavery and the slave trade. Paradoxically this gave an impetus to colonizing ventures aimed at undercutting the moral and economic foundations of slavery in Africa. Disease proved to be a deadly obstacle to European- and American-born missionaries in tropical Africa, thus spurring projects for enrolling local agents who had acquired childhood immunity. Southern Africa below the Zambezi River attracted missionaries from many parts of Europe and North America because of the absence of the most fearsome diseases. However the turbulent politics of the region complicated their work by restricting their access to organized African kingdoms and chieftaincies. The prevalent mission model until the late 19th century was a station under the direction of a single European family whose religious and educational endeavors were directed at a small number of African residents. Catholic missions acquired new energy following the French Revolution, the old Portuguese system of partnership with the state was displaced by enthusiasm for independent operations under the authority of the Pope in Rome. Several new missionary orders were founded with a particular focus on Africa. Mission publications of the 19th and 20th centuries can convey a misleading impression that the key agents in the spread of African Christianity were foreign-born white males. Not only does this neglect the work of women as wives and teachers, but it diverts attention from the Africans who were everywhere the dominant force in the spread of modern Christianity. By the turn of the 20th century, evangelism had escaped the bounds of mission stations driven by African initiative and the appearance of so-called “faith missions” based on a model of itinerant preaching. African prophets and independent evangelists developed new forms of Christianity. Once dismissed as heretical or syncretic, they gradually came to be recognized as legitimate variants of the sort that have always accompanied the acculturation of religion in new environments. Decolonization caught most foreign mission operations unawares and required major changes, most notably in the recruitment of African clergy to the upper echelons of church hierarchies. By the late 20th century Africans emerged as an independent force in Christian missions, sending agents to other continents.

scholarly journals Drama in Ho Chi Minh City literature and art life

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Thuy Trung Luu
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Performance Art ◽  
Early Time ◽  
High Time ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

In the history of Vietnamese drama, Saigon was one of the places absorbing Western drama from the early time. Although drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City didn’t develop in a smooth and straight way, it was a continuous and unbroken process. This process brought in strong development of drama in Ho Chi Minh city in two decades of the late 20th century and the early 21st century. However, in recent years, drama in Ho Chi Minh City seems to proceed slowly, which reflects some irrational aspects from drama script, performance art to performance operation. Therefore, it’s high time to review the whole history of drama in Saigon-Ho Chi Minh City to collect experiences for the steady development of drama in this City in the future.

scholarly journals O SIQUEIRISMO NO CONTEXTO DAS FORMAS POLÍTICAS DE DOMINAÇÃO NO BRASIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Sandoval Antunes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Political Group ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Brazilian History ◽  
Siglo Xx

O siqueirismo se tornou um derivativo de uma palavra que era comum desde a criação do Estado nos meios políticos. Com a configuração de um grupo político praticamente hegemônico no Tocantins, os políticos, sejam deputados, prefeitos, vereadores e senadores ligados ao grupo de Siqueira Campos eram chamados de siqueiristas. Desta forma objetivamos fazer uma análise do siqueirismo comparativamente a outras formas de dominação, na perspectiva weberiana, no Brasil contemporâneo. O interesse é pontuar, em um recorte deliberado de algumas formas de poder que possam servir à percepção do que é o siqueirismo no Tocantins e compará-lo com outros personagens da política brasileira na segunda metade do século XX.   PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tocantins; siqueirismo; dominação; política.     ABSTRACT Siqueirism has become a derivative of a word that was common in political circles since the creation of Tocantins state. With the configuration of a practically homogeneous political group in Tocantins, the politicians that were affiliated to Siqueira Campos were called “siqueiristas”, whether they were congressmen, mayors, councilman or senators. Thus, we aim to make an analysis of siqueirismo with respect to other forms of domination in contemporary Brazil using a Weberian perspective. Our interest is to point which forms of power can be used to built a perception of what is siqueirism and compare it to other political characters from Brazilian history of the mid-late 20th century.   KEYWORDS: Tocantins; siqueirism; domination; politics.     RESUMEN El siqueirismo se convirtió en un derivado de una palabra que era común desde la creación del Estado en los círculos políticos. Con la configuración de un grupo político prácticamente hegemónica en Tocantins, los políticos son diputados, alcaldes, concejales y senadores vinculados al grupo de Siqueira Campos fueron llamados siqueiristas. De esta manera se pretende analizar la siqueirismo en comparación con otras formas de dominación, en la perspectiva de Weber, en el Brasil contemporáneo. El interés es anotar en un corte deliberado de algunas formas de poder que puede servir a la percepción de lo que se siqueirismo en Tocantins y compararlo con otros personajes de la política brasileña en la segunda mitad del siglo XX.     PALABRAS CLAVE: Tocantins; Siqueirismo; Dominación; Política.

scholarly journals Symphonies by B. Tishchenko: in tune with the times, against the troubled times. Part 1

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Iurii Eduardovich Serov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Russian Music ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times

The research subject is the scope of symphonic works of an outstanding Russian composer of the late 20th century Boris Ivanovich Tishchenko (1939 - 2010). The article continues a brief analysis of all 17 symphonies of the composer, and considers his works of the 1980s - the 2000s: French Symphony, Pushkin Symphony, Dante Symphonies, and Symphonies No 7, 8, 9.  The author considers in detail such aspects of the topic as Tishchenko’s innovatory role in the renewal of Russian symphonism of the second half of the 20th century, the interrelation between and poetry in his large orchestra compositions, the significant impact of literary concepts on the development of his symphonism. Special attention is given to Tishchenko succeeding to the great Russian symphonic tradition. The main idea of the article is that Tishchenko is one of the few in his generation who remained committed to the genre of a large “pure” symphony and succeeded to his genius teacher D. Shostakovich. A special author’s contribution to the development of the topic is a detailed consideration of all symphonic works by Tischenko. Such a research has never been held in the history of Russian music before. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the author proves a close connection between Tishchenko’s symphonism with his time and the controversial cultural and social processes suffered by the composers of the sixties.  

scholarly journals Peculiarity of Implementation of the National Cultural Code in Tatar Poetry and Prose of the Second Half of the XX Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7421-7424
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
National Poetry ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Given

The study of the specifics of the manifestation of cultural codes in Tatar poetry and prose of the second half of the 20th century is of great scientific and practical interest. The timeliness of the chosen topic is conditioned by the need to identify the uniqueness, originality of Tatar national poetry and prose of the given period. At the same time, it should be noted that Tatar poetry and prose of the period of returning to national origins has not undergone comprehensive, holistic, detailed, structural study in terms of reflecting national identity. The goal of research: systematic and comprehensive study of the creative work of Tatar writers of the second half of the 20th century in respect of the aspect of the specifics of the manifestation of the national cultural code in them, identifying the nature of literary interactions and interrelations with Russian literature. The article deals with the specifics of the implementation of the Tatar national cultural code in the works of Amirkhan Eniki, Mirgaziyan Yunys, Ravil Bukharaev, Zulfat, Robert Minnullin, Renat Haris, Hassan Tufan and Ildar Yuzeev. The works under study reflect the Tatar national worldview and contain its main components: the image of homeland and native land, national holidays, moral and spiritual values and the history of the Tatar people. They also reflect the organic connection of the creative work of these writers and poets with the Tatar national culture and literature.

scholarly journals The History of the Soviet Arctic Development in the English-Language Historiography of the Late 20th and the Early 21st Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601
Author(s):  
Denis Anan'ev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the modern context the Arctic region is considered to be an arena for fierce international competition. The need to address numerous political, economic, legal and environmental issues, connected with this region, compels to rethink the historical experience of its development. The history of the Arctic Zone development made by the Russian Federation (particularly the Soviet period) has been studied both by Russian and foreign scholars. This paper intends to analyze the contemporary English-language publications on this topic; as well as to determine their subject matter and to identify the key trends in the English-language historiography of the Soviet Arctic development. The study has found that the contemporary English-speaking researchers (P. Josephson, J. McCannon, P. Horensma) consider a wide range of issues related to the history of the Soviet Arctic. For instance, the scholars write about the conduct of scientific research, administrative reforms and economic development, as well as about environmental issues and problems of indigenous population of the region. The theme of clarifying the role of the Soviet Union in determination of international and legal status of the Arctic region has been emphasized in the literature studied (N. Fogelson, J. McCannon). In the context of the «cultural turn» in the late 20th-century historiography Western researchers (P. Horensma, J. McCannon) analyzed the role of ideology and propaganda in constructing «the Arctic myth», its significance for the Soviet mass culture. The access to the Russian archives and their availability allowed the modern Western scholars to conduct their researches there, that resulted in obtaining a more objective assessment of the real victories and failures in the development of the Soviet Arctic. Summarizing the historical experience of the Russian Arctic development in the late 20th century the majority of Western authors believe that only the full-scale international cooperation will make it possible to effectively address the problems of the region.

HISTORY OF SURREALIST ANTI-MUSICALITY IN THE PRACTICES OF INNOVATIVE RUSSIAN POETRY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Oleg Gorelov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Musical Meaning ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Foundation ◽  
Poetic Practice

The article provides an overview of key studies of surrealist musicality, highlights the problem of non-acceptance by surrealism of music media, focuses on a historical discussion of the semantics and reality of sound itself as a phenomenon. It also analyzes the basic principles for the implementation of the surrealist antimusicality in the newest Russian poetry. Anti-musicality is now recognized as the principle of working with sound, bypassing the composer, audial culture, based on ideas about harmony and composition. It is in this anti-musical meaning that the musical code is used in poetic practices of the late 20th century, which destroy the reference narrative and overcome the principles of the classic surrealistic collage. The innovative poetic practice conceptualizes not so much ordered repetitive fragments of a statement as a pause between them, a silence. Such a quantization of aesthetic matter returns reflection to the theoretical horizon of understanding the medium, reduced to its physical foundation in order to further overcome it

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