СССРиСШАвпоискахответана«танковыйвызов»германии,19391945гг.

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-133
Author(s):  
A.K. Alexei

Based on the analysis of the medium tanks development in the U.S.S.R., the U.S. and Germany in 1939 1945, the author makes an attempts to deduce the mental aspects of military technological rivalry. The development of the tanks is seen in the challengeanswer context, with purely national traits of these new models studied in terms of a comparative analysis of the machines characteristics, as well as their dynamics during the war. With all that in mind, the tank is perceived as the materialized plan of its authors, whose core characteristics (the size, firepower, defense, speed, ease of exploitation) were formed in accordance with the basic values of a specific national culture. The article clearly backs the idea that the military constructing schools of the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. formed their respective answers to Germanys tank challenge in accordance with the patterns and models that had more similarities than differences. The main aspect of both models was the desire to boost the mass production, while keeping the modernization at a minimum. Contrary to this, the German model relied on winning superiority based on the production of completely new tanks, which reflected the latest technological developments. At the same time, the American and German models had a common consideration for the ease in exploitation, something that was not seen as a priority in the Soviet model.На основе анализа развития средних танков в СССР, США и Германии в 19391945 гг. предпринимаются попытки вывести ментальные аспекты военнотехнического соперничества. Развитие танков рассматривается в контексте challengeanswer, причем чисто национальные черты этих новых моделей изучаются с точки зрения сравнительного анализа характеристик машин, а также их динамики в ходе войны. При всем этом танк воспринимается как материализованный замысел его авторов, основные характеристики которого (габариты, огневая мощь, обороноспособность, скорость, простота эксплуатации) были сформированы в соответствии с основными ценностями конкретной национальной культуры. В статье четко обосновывается мысль о том, что военностроительные школы СССР и США формировали свои соответствующие ответы на танковый вызов Германии в соответствии с образцами и моделями, которые имели больше сходства, чем различий. Главным аспектом обеих моделей было стремление форсировать массовое производство, сохраняя при этом модернизацию на минимальном уровне. Вопреки этому, немецкая модель опиралась на завоевательное превосходство, основанное на производстве совершенно новых танков, в которых нашли отражение новейшие технологические разработки. В то же время американская и немецкая модели имели общее соображение о легкости в эксплуатации, что не рассматривалось в качестве приоритета в советской модели.

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402198975
Author(s):  
Polina Beliakova

Civilian control of the military is a fundamental attribute of democracy. While democracies are less coup-prone, studies treating civilian control as a dependent variable mostly focus on coups. In this paper, I argue that the factors predicting coups in autocracies, weaken civilian control of the military in democracies in different ways. To capture this difference, I advance a new comprehensive framework that includes the erosion of civilian control by competition, insubordination, and deference. I test the argument under conditions of an intrastate conflict—a conducive environment for the erosion of civilian control. A large-N analysis confirms that while intrastate conflict does not lead to coups in democracies, it increases the military’s involvement in government, pointing to alternative forms of erosion taking place. Further case study—Russia’s First Chechen War—demonstrates the causal logic behind the new framework, contributing to the nuanced comparative analysis of civil-military relations across regimes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 694-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Brigit Holthaus ◽  
Bettina Strasser ◽  
Julia Lachner ◽  
Supawadee Sukseree ◽  
Wolfgang Sipos ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
V. V. Khominets ◽  
V. Yu. Tegza ◽  
I. V. Foos ◽  
E. M. Pugaev

A comparative analysis of the economic costs of revision surgical treatment of 121 patients with non-infectious complications of internal osteosynthesis and 59 patients who underwent primary osteosynthesis for fractures of the long bones of the limbs with an uncomplicated course was carried out. General economic costs include direct and indirect costs. It was found that the total costs for the treatment of patients suffering from non-infectious complications of internal osteosynthesis of the long bones of the extremities, who are in the clinic of military traumatology and orthopedics. G.I. Turner of the Military Medical Academy in the period from 2007 to 2018 revision surgery was performed, amounted to 279637238 rubles, which corresponds to 2311051,55 rubles per patient. At the same time, the total costs for the treatment of patients with fractures of the long bones of the extremities without complications amounted to 44960873 rubles (762048,69 rubles per patient). The total cost per patient with a non-infectious complication of internal osteosynthesis of the femur was 2540499,54 rubles (483824,85 straight, 2056674,69 indirect), of the leg bones 2333762,17 rubles (474501,47 straight, 1859260,70 indirect), the humerus 1830362,75 rubles (399942 straight, 1430420,75 indirect), the bones of the forearm 1804664,6 rubles (339700 straight, 1464964,6 indirect). It was revealed that due to failures after primary osteosynthesis of limb fractures and complications, the costs associated with the direct and indirect costs of their treatment increase. In this regard, further research is needed to improve the treatment of complications of internal osteosynthesis and to develop a set of measures for their prevention. This is important both for the patient and for the health care system as a whole.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P Barassi

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to provide a historical perspective on the commissioning of chiropractors within the U.S. Military and to propose a pathway by which this can be accomplished. A comprehensive review of Congressional actions proposed and enacted, and historical documents to create a chronology of actions that influence and support a proposed pathway for commissioning. The authority to commission chiropractors within the U.S. Military has long been provided to the Secretary of Defense, but it has never been acted upon despite decades of legislation. Chiropractors currently serve within the DoD as contractors or government employees; however, the direct association with the military in terms of commissioning has remained elusive. Musculoskeletal injuries are statistically one of the most prevalent combat-related injury classifications within the active duty military and subsequent veteran population. Chiropractic physicians serving within military medicine and veteran health care facilities routinely manage common and complex neurological and musculoskeletal injuries sustained by combat and non-combat servicemen and women. Patient satisfaction with chiropractic services within both the active duty and veteran population is high and routinely sought after. Chiropractic inclusion in the medical corps or medical service corps within the DoD is long overdue.


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