scholarly journals Ecología trófica de cetáceos subantárticos utilizando el análisis de isótopos estables

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Luciana Riccialdelli
Keyword(s):  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Grampus Griseus ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii ◽  
Pseudorca Crassidens ◽  
Lagenorhynchus Cruciger

El manejo adecuado de los ecosistemas marinos del Atlántico Sudoccidental requiere una mejor comprensión de su estructura y dinámica. Por ello es fundamental el estudio de la presencia y función trófica de las especies de cetáceos debido a los importantes efectos que ejercen en las tramas tróficas marinas en su rol de predadores de altos niveles tróficos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la ecología trófica de ocho especies de cetáceos odontocetos que habitan las aguas subantárticas de Tierra del Fuego. Se comprobó la utilidad de la variación isotópica del colágeno del hueso para definir el comportamiento trófico principal de seis especies de delfínidos (Lagenorhynchus australis, Cephalorhynchus commersonii, Grampus griseus, Lissodelphis peronii, Pseudorca crassidens y Lagenorhynchus cruciger) y dos especies de focénidos (Phocoena dioptrica y Phocoena spinipinnis). El análisis de isótopos estables en diferentes grupos presa (especies de peces, moluscos cefalópodos y crustáceos) contribuyó a la interpretación ecológica de los valores de δ13C y δ15N de los predadores analizados. El uso combinado de δ13C y δ15N del colágeno del hueso revela información espacial y de largo tiempo (~5 a 10 años) sobre los hábitos alimentarios y las áreas de alimentación de los cetáceos. Se encontró un continuo trófico, revelado por estos isótopos, desde la especie más costera con los valores más altos (Lagenorhynchus australis) a las especies más oceánicas y distribuidas más al sur entre aguas del Pasaje de Drake y el Frente Polar (Lagenorhynchus cruciger y Phocoena dioptrica). Los valores de δ13C y δ15N de estos consumidores marinos son el reflejo de las variaciones espaciales en los valores de estos isótopos tanto de los productores primarios como de sus especies presas en los diferentes hábitats -costeros, de plataforma patagónica, oceánicos-.

Nouvelles données sur les cétacés des îles Kerguelen / New data on cetaceans of the Kerguelen Islands

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Robineau ◽  
Guy Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Eubalaena Glacialis ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Globicephala Melas ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Dissostichus Eleginoides ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii ◽  
Nouvelles Espèces ◽  
Lagenorhynchus Cruciger

RésuméDes observations nouvelles et quelques échouages complètent le premier bilan faunistique établi en 1989 pour les îles Kerguelen. Aux neuf espèces identifiées précédemment ( Eubalaena glacialis , Balaenoptera acutorostrata , Megaptera novaeangliae , Physeter macrocephalus , Mesoplodon layardii , Cephalorhynchus commersonii , Lagenorhynchus cruciger , Orcinus orca , et Globicephala melas ) s'ajoutent, grâce à des échouages, deux nouvelles espèces: Ziphius cavirostris et Hyperoodon planifrons . En outre, la présence occasionnelle de Phocoena dioptrica est confirmée. L'événement le plus marquant est cependant le grand nombre d'observations (n=1649) de cachalots ( Physeter macrocephalus ) faites depuis 1989 au delà du plateau des îles, dans une zone peu fréquentée autrefois par les bateaux de pêche. Pour le dauphin de Commerson ( Cephalorhynchus commersonii ), espèce la plus commune, des données biologiques et écologiques s'ajoutent aux données faunistiques. Nous faisons également état, pour trois espèces ( Physeter macrocephalus , Orcinus orca , et Globicephala melas ), d'interactions avec la pêcherie à la palangre de la légine australe ( Dissostichus eleginoides ).

STOMACH CONTENTS OF FALSE KILLER WHALES (PSEUDORCA CRASSIDENS) STRANDED ON THE COASTS OF THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN, TIERRA DEL FUEGO

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Koen Alonso ◽  
Susana N. Pedraza ◽  
Adrian C. M. Schiavini ◽  
R. NATALIE P. Goodall ◽  
Enrique A. Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Strait Of Magellan ◽  
The Strait Of Magellan ◽  
Pseudorca Crassidens

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal helminths of Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii from central Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Berón-Vera ◽  
SN Pedraza ◽  
JA Raga ◽  
A Gil de Pertierra ◽  
EA Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii

scholarly journals Longline hook testing in the mouths of pelagic odontocetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. McLellan ◽  
Logan H. Arthur ◽  
Sarah D. Mallette ◽  
Steven W. Thornton ◽  
Ryan J. McAlarney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Grampus Griseus ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Loss ◽  
Longline Fisheries ◽  
Pseudorca Crassidens

Abstract Several species of odontocete cetaceans depredate bait and catch and, as a result, become hooked and entangled in pelagic longline fisheries. The present study measured how selected commercial longline hooks, including “weak hooks”, behaved within odontocete mouths. Five hooks (Mustad-16/0, Mustad-18/0, Mustad J-9/0, Korean 16, and Korean 18) were tested on three species of odontocetes known to interact with longline fisheries—short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), and false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens). Specimens were secured to a stanchion, hooks were placed in the mouth at multiple positions along the dorsal lip, and the force required to pull each hook free was measured. The soft tissue lips of these odontocetes were capable of resisting forces up to 250 kg before failing. The polished steel M-16, M-18, and J-9 hooks straightened at forces between 50 and 225 kg, depending on hook gauge. When straightened, these hooks exposed the sharpened barb, which sliced through the lip tissue, usually releasing the hook intact. The K-16 and K-18 hooks behaved very differently, breaking at higher forces (110–250 kg) and consistently just at the barb; usually, there was measurable soft-tissue loss and often shards of the hook were retained within those soft tissues. The different behaviours of these two hook types—the M and J type polished steel vs. the K type carbon steel—were consistent across all species tested. Mechanical tests were also conducted to determine if hooks could fracture the mandible of these same odontocetes. Only the M-18 and K-18 hooks had sufficiently large gapes to hook around the mandible, and both hook types fractured bone in short-finned pilot whales and Risso's dolphins. These results support other lines of evidence indicating that longline hooks can cause serious injury to these species, and suggest possible steps to mitigate these impacts.

Cephalopods in the diets of three odontocete cetacean species stranded at Tierra del Fuego, Globicephala melaena (Traill, 1809), Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 and Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Lacepede, 1804)

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Clarke ◽  
Natalie Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Mantle Length ◽  
Cetacean Species ◽  
Squid Species ◽  
Pilot Whales ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii

Cephalopod remains from the stomachs of four pilot whales Globicephala melaena (Traill, 1809), two bottlenose whales Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 and eight Commerson's dolphins Cephalorhynchus commersonii (Lacepede, 1804) stranded in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina were identified and measured. A total of 3365 lower beaks (mandibles) were identified and measured and from the rostral, crest and hood length, total wet and dry mass, mean mass and mean mantle length for each taxon were estimated. Over 68% of the cephalopods eaten by the pilot whales and all cephalopods eaten by the bottlenose whales were oceanic squid species (oegopsids). The Commerson's dolphins had only eaten shelf species of the families Loliginidae (97.5%) and Octopodinae (2.5%). Sixteen cephalopod families comprising 23 species were represented. In samples from Globicephala melaena, Loligo gahi represented 31% by number and 7.1% by estimated dry mass, Histioteuthis eltaninae, 29% by number and 4.9% by dry mass and the onychoteuthid Moroteuthis ingens 17.2% by number and 51.5% by dry mass. In samples from Hyperoodon planifrons, Histioteuthis eltaninae represented 24.0% of cephalopods by number but only 5.2% by dry mass, Taonius pavo 53% by number but only 2.5% by dry mass and the large onychoteuthid Kondakovia longimana only 2.5% by number but 65.8% by dry mass. In samples from Cephalorhynchus commersonii, the neritic Loligo gahi contributed 97.4% by number and 97% by dry mass and a neritic octopodinid contributed the rest of the cephalopod part of the diet. While the cephalopods contributed the major part of the diets of these particular cetaceans, other remains included fish and polychaete worms.

Progress Report on Small Cetacean Research in Chile

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1123-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelio Aguayo L.
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Grampus Griseus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii

The geographic distribution is plotted, and where known, the seasonal occurrence with new data on sightings is given for the smaller Cetacea of Chile. Species documented are: Cephalorhynchus commersonii, C. eutropia, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis peronii, Lagenorhynchus australis, L. obscurus, L. cruciger, Tursiops sp., Grampus griseus, Orcinus orca, Globicephala melaena, and Phocoena spinipinnis. Several small dolphin fisheries exist. The pilot whale may be exploited in the future in Chile.

Hepatic and renal metallothionein concentrations in Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) from Tierra del Fuego, South Atlantic Ocean

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Cáceres-Saez ◽  
Paula Polizzi ◽  
Belén Romero ◽  
Natalia A. Dellabianca ◽  
Sergio Ribeiro Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
South Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii

Nouvelles données sur les cétacés des îles Kerguelen / New data on cetaceans of the Kerguelen Islands

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Robineau ◽  
Guy Duhamel
Keyword(s):  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Eubalaena Glacialis ◽  
Physeter Macrocephalus ◽  
Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽  
Globicephala Melas ◽  
Ziphius Cavirostris ◽  
Dissostichus Eleginoides ◽  
Cephalorhynchus Commersonii ◽  
Nouvelles Espèces ◽  
Lagenorhynchus Cruciger

RésuméDes observations nouvelles et quelques échouages complètent le premier bilan faunistique établi en 1989 pour les îles Kerguelen. Aux neuf espèces identifiées précédemment ( Eubalaena glacialis , Balaenoptera acutorostrata , Megaptera novaeangliae , Physeter macrocephalus , Mesoplodon layardii , Cephalorhynchus commersonii , Lagenorhynchus cruciger , Orcinus orca , et Globicephala melas ) s'ajoutent, grâce à des échouages, deux nouvelles espèces: Ziphius cavirostris et Hyperoodon planifrons . En outre, la présence occasionnelle de Phocoena dioptrica est confirmée. L'événement le plus marquant est cependant le grand nombre d'observations (n=1649) de cachalots ( Physeter macrocephalus ) faites depuis 1989 au delà du plateau des îles, dans une zone peu fréquentée autrefois par les bateaux de pêche. Pour le dauphin de Commerson ( Cephalorhynchus commersonii ), espèce la plus commune, des données biologiques et écologiques s'ajoutent aux données faunistiques. Nous faisons également état, pour trois espèces ( Physeter macrocephalus , Orcinus orca , et Globicephala melas ), d'interactions avec la pêcherie à la palangre de la légine australe ( Dissostichus eleginoides ).

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