The Applicable Conditions of Patent Open License System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
Li Mengqian ◽  
Wang Simeng
Keyword(s):  
License System

Deregulation and Firm Investment: Evidence from the Dismantling of the License System in India

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan T. Kandilov ◽  
Asli Leblebicioglu ◽  
Ruchita Manghnani
Keyword(s):  
Firm Investment ◽  
License System

Is the water permit system a panacea or a bed of inefficiency? The case of South Africa

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Datt Tewari ◽  
Saidou Baba Oumar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
System A ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
License System ◽  
Institutional Efficiency

Although South Africa has adopted a very modern permit/license system to control access to water as a resource, the attainment of the lofty objectives (efficiency, equity and sustainability) of the National Water Act of 1998 depends on two critical factors: (1) the institutional efficiency of the water management system; and (2) the development of water markets and their efficient functioning. This study lists a number of concerns that the Act is not geared to resolve efficiently or in a timely manner. These concerns include the high administrative costs of implementation, poor incentives for long-term investments, bureaucratic inefficiency, practical problems in water pricing and adaptability to climate change threat. There is a need to re-think the ways and means with which to make water distribution more efficient in the country. One possible solution would be to develop water markets in the country.

scholarly journals Driving Performance Evaluation Correlated to Age and Visual Acuities Based on VR Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sooncheon Hwang ◽  
Sunhoon Kim ◽  
Dongmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Present System ◽  
The South ◽  
Dynamic Visual Acuity ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
License System

There is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the driver license system in South Korea, due to the numerous traffic crashes caused by drivers who are suspected of having insufficient physical and mental abilities. Through the present system, it is quite difficult to identify such drivers indirectly through physical tests, such as visual acuity tests, since the correlation of such results with driving performance remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between driving performance and visual acuities for improving the South Korean driver license system. In this study, two investigations were conducted: static and dynamic visual acuity examinations and driving performance tests based on a virtual reality (VR) system. The driving performance was evaluated with a driving simulator, based on driving behaviors in different experimental scenarios, including daytime and nighttime driving on a rural highway, and unexpected incident situations. Here, we produce statistically significant evidence that reduced visual acuity impairs driving performance, and driving behaviors differ significantly among groups with different vision capabilities, especially dynamic vision. Visual acuities, typically dynamic visual acuity, greatly influenced driving behavior, as measured by the standard deviation of speeds and vehicle LPs, and this was especially notable in curved road segments in daytime experiment. These experimental results revealed that the driving performance of participants with impaired dynamic visual acuity was deficient and unsafe. This confirmed that dynamic visual acuity levels are significant determinants of driving behavior, and they well explain driver performance levels. These findings suggest that the South Korean driver license system should include a test of dynamic visual acuity to create better and safer driving.

History of the Herring Fishery and Review of Artificial Propagation Techiques for Herring in Japan

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. s222-s229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou Morita
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
High Survival ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
License System ◽  
Food Conditions

According to written records, a Japanese herring fishery has been carried out since 1447, but statistical catch data were not recorded until 1870. The Japanese herring fishery has harvested the so-called Hokkaido spring herring, which spawned near the coast of Hokkaido from March to May. In 1897, the landings reached a peak of 975 000 tonnes but the resources were depleted year by year and this stock became extinct in the 1950's. During the 1960's, Japanese fleets were exploiting the herring stocks in the Northwest Pacific. However, since 1970 these fisheries were limited in their operations by the Japan–Soviet Fisheries Committee and eventually ceased in 1976. At the present time, the Japanese catch of herring is at a low level of several thousand tonnes. The Japanese license system was not designed to conserve the resources, and herring studies were weighted to fishing forecasts only. Many Japanese scientists believed that the strength of herring year-classes fluctuated with changes in food conditions in the early larval stages. Based on artificial egg production techniques developed recently in Japan, herring eggs were successfully hatched, and larvae were cultured artificially and raised to 66.3-mm juveniles with a high survival rate.

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