scholarly journals Effect of fabric parameters on fragrance retention

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 550-556
Author(s):  
LEI DU ◽  
FU-XIANG WANG ◽  
JIA-LI YANG ◽  
ZHUO-YING SHEN ◽  
WEI-GUO ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Lower Porosity

This study is to explore the effect of fabric parameters on fragrance retention, which was based on the olfactorymeasurement technology with the quantitative headspace method. The fragrance retention of different fabrics wasquantitatively evaluated by Electronic Nose (e-nose) at different time after volatilization. Quick-drying Tester was usedto test the fabric drying rate, which was related to fragrance retention. Besides, wicking property and porosity of fabrics,two factors of moisture transmission, were tested and calculated for analysis too. It was found that fabrics with the highercotton content had the better fragrance retention due to their hydrophilicity and water retention property of fibers. Plainfabric had the shorter fragrance retention than twill fabric since its lower porosity and the higher capillary pressure ledto the faster fragrance dissipation. As the fabric density increased or the yarn count decreased, the fragrance retentionincreased. Since their wicking properties decreased, the process of perfume diffusion would slow down. The data andmethods presented in this paper provide a basis for optimizing the parameters of fragrant fabric.

scholarly journals Effect of fabric parameters on fragrance retention

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (06) ◽  
pp. 550-556
Author(s):  
LEI DU ◽  
FU-XIANG WANG ◽  
JIA-LI YANG ◽  
ZHUO-YING SHEN ◽  
WEI-GUO ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Lower Porosity

This study is to explore the effect of fabric parameters on fragrance retention, which was based on the olfactorymeasurement technology with the quantitative headspace method. The fragrance retention of different fabrics wasquantitatively evaluated by Electronic Nose (e-nose) at different time after volatilization. Quick-drying Tester was usedto test the fabric drying rate, which was related to fragrance retention. Besides, wicking property and porosity of fabrics,two factors of moisture transmission, were tested and calculated for analysis too. It was found that fabrics with the highercotton content had the better fragrance retention due to their hydrophilicity and water retention property of fibers. Plainfabric had the shorter fragrance retention than twill fabric since its lower porosity and the higher capillary pressure ledto the faster fragrance dissipation. As the fabric density increased or the yarn count decreased, the fragrance retentionincreased. Since their wicking properties decreased, the process of perfume diffusion would slow down. The data andmethods presented in this paper provide a basis for optimizing the parameters of fragrant fabric.

Analyzing the Effect of Fiber, Yarn and Fabric Variables on Bagging Behavior of Single Jersey Weft Knitted Fabrics

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitra Karimian ◽  
Hossein Hasani ◽  
Saeed Ajeli
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Fabric Structure ◽  
Controllable Factors ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Single Jersey

This research investigates the effect of fiber, yarn and fabric variables on the bagging behavior of single jersey weft knitted fabrics interpreted in terms of bagging fatigue percentage. In order to estimate the optimum process conditions and to examine the individual effects of each controllable factor on a particular response, Taguchi's experimental design was used. The controllable factors considered in this research are blending ratio, yarn twist and count, fabric structure and fabric density. The findings show that fabric structure has the largest effect on the fabric bagging. Factor yarn twist is second and is followed by fabric density, blend ratio and yarn count. The optimum conditions to achieve the least bagging fatigue ratio were determined.

scholarly journals Watertable fluctuation-induced variability in the water retention curve: Sand column experiments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Luo ◽  
Jun Kong ◽  
Zhiling Ji ◽  
Chengji Shen ◽  
Chunhui Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Water Flow Velocity ◽  
Retention Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Static Conditions

<p>The soil water retention curve (WRC), describing the relation between the soil water content and its corresponding capillary pressure, relies not only on whether drying or wetting occurs but also on the pore scale water flow velocity. Here, we investigated the effects of the watertable fluctuations on the WRC through 28 laboratory experiments covering a wide range of fluctuation amplitudes and periods. Results show that both the response of the capillary pressure and soil water content lag behind the watertable fluctuation, and the vertical capillary pressure distribution in the unsaturated zone is non-hydrostatic, especially for the fluctuations with shorter period. As a consequence of watertable fluctuation, the measured WRC deviates from that under static conditions, depending on both the fluctuation amplitude and period. Moreover, the air-entry pressure under dynamic conditions is considerably larger than that under static conditions, and it first increases and then decreases as the fluctuation period decreases. The effects of the watertable fluctuations on the dynamic capillary coefficient was further examined. It is found that the relation between the dynamic capillary coefficient and saturation is nonunique even for the drying and wetting of a given sand and watertable fluctuation, suggesting a hysteretic dynamic capillary coefficient, and the dynamic capillary coefficient is rate-dependent, decreasing with an increase of fluctuation rate.</p>

Capillary pressure at irregularly shaped pore throats: Implications for water retention characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoung Suk Suh ◽  
Dong Hun Kang ◽  
Jaewon Jang ◽  
Kwang Yeom Kim ◽  
Tae Sup Yun
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Retention Characteristics

scholarly journals UV protection of cotton: The influence of weaving structure

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Grancaric ◽  
Zeljko Penava ◽  
Anita Tarbuk
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Ultraviolet Protection Factor ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
Fabric Construction

Due to the depletion of the ozone layer, shorter but high energy UV-B rays and longer energy UV-A rays causing known skin aging and recently the formation of skin malignant neoplasm are reaching the surface of earth. The paper deals with the influence of different fabric construction on ultraviolet skin protection expressed as the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). It is well known that clothing provides some protection against damage by ultraviolet radiation, but it highly depends on fabric construction, especially for longer exposure to sun light. Fabric openness or porosity is a key parameter influencing ultraviolet (UV-R) transmission. The effect of fabric density and cover factor using twelve woven fabrics from the same cotton fibres and yarn count, but different in type of weaving and fabric density were investigated. UPF and UV-A and UV-B transmission were measured using a transmission spectrophotometer Gary 50 Solarscreen (Varian) according to the AATCC Test Method 183-2000.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Evaluate Fabric Hand Based on Three-Dimensional Drape Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmat Hussain ◽  
Yueqi Zhong ◽  
Tayyab Naveed ◽  
Zhicai Yu ◽  
Zhang Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fabric Hand ◽  
Fabric Density ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fabric Drape ◽  
Yarn Count ◽  
And Performance

AbstractFabric quality and performance is assessed subjectively by the customer using an important and complex phenomenon of fabric hand. Objectively, it is evaluated with complicated and expensive instruments, such as Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabrics (KES-F) and Fabric Assurance with Simple Testing (FAST). The present research explores a non-touch objective approach, i.e., three-dimensional (3D) drape model to estimate fabric hand. Fabric hand prediction was testified on different commercial fabrics spanning a wide range of areal weight, thickness, yarn count, and fabric density. Fabric objective ranks based on drape indicators using principal component analysis (PCA) were compared with subjective ranks of fabric hand. Additionally, fabric drape is evaluated three dimensionally and a new drape indicator drape height (DH) is proposed. The cosine similarity results have proved fabric drape as an objective alternate to fabric hand.

Significant contribution of fibrils on pulp fiber surface to water retention value

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Minoru Kimura ◽  
Takashi Ishida ◽  
Yuko Ono ◽  
Miyuki Takeuchi ◽  
Akira Isogai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Pulp Fiber ◽  
Pulp Fibers ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
Two Factors

AbstractThe contribution of structural changes of softwood bleached kraft pulp (SBKP) fibers and partly dried SBKP handsheets to their water retention values (WRVs) was studied. Two factors related to mesopores and macropores, which were determined for super critical point (SCP)-dried SBKP sheet samples, should participate in the WRVs determined for wet SBKP sheet samples. The mesopores are formed during pulping/bleaching to remove lignin and a part of hemicelluloses that are present originally in wood cell walls. The combined volumes of mesopores and macropores (totally < ∼0.6 g g−1) in SBKP fibers after SCP drying were significantly lower than the entire WRV (∼1.6 g g−1) of the original never-dried SBKP. We hypothesize that external fibrils of SBKP fibers are formed during pulping, bleaching, washing, pressure-screening, and pressing processes at high and low solid contents in water under high shear forces. The WRV can be used as an indicator to evaluate such structural changes of external fibrils in pulp fibers and paper sheets during drying/wetting in papermaking process as well as in use under various conditions. In contrast, changes in mesopore and macropore volumes determined for SCP-dried sheets cannot properly detect such structural changes of external fibrils.

Quantification of micron-scale structural and hydraulic properties of long-term pig manure and lime amended red soil aggregates using the lattice Boltzmann method and pore network modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Qu ◽  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Paul Hallet
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Manure Treatment ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
Control Samples

&lt;p&gt;Lime and animal manure can have major impacts on soil physical properties, particularly in degraded and highly weathered soils that are naturally acidic. Here we evaluate how treatment of a regular till Acrisol in southeast China with different amounts of lime and/or pig manure, and planted with maize, affects pore scale properties down to micron size using synchrotron microtomography (SR&amp;#8211;mCT). Soil macroaggregates (2 - 5 mm) from 4 treatments were measured: 1) Control, no manure amendment; 2) low manure (150 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;); 3) high manure (600 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;); and 4) high manure (600 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)+ lime (3000 kg Ca(OH)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;every 3 years). Pore structure at a resolution of 3.7 &amp;#181;m was reconstructed in 3D and the Multi- Relaxation- Time (MRT) Scheme for Multi- Phase Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used to simulate water flow and retention. Topological analysis was performed based on the extracted pore network by using the maximal ball-based pore network extraction. A quasi-static pore network solver was applied to compute the capillary pressure based on the extracted pore networks. The application of a high amount of pig manure increased the fraction of macropores (&gt;100 &amp;#181;m) to 38.61% compared to the controlled level (18.15%). A high amount of pig manure also decreased total porosity to 8.08% compared to 11.35% for the control, suggesting less micropores caused by high pig manure treatment. The application of high amount of pig manure and lime also caused more uniform water flow. Control samples had a velocity frequency at around e&lt;sup&gt;11 &lt;/sup&gt;of the normalized velocity (respect to the mean), while the samples from the other treatments had more evenly distributed peaks. Water flows most quickly due to least impediment by pores in the samples with high manure amendment. The slope between permeability and porosity increased from 8.10 Darcy (&lt;!-- Units? --&gt;controlled) to 174.47 Darcy (high amount of manure treatment). The amendment of 600 kg N ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1 &lt;/sup&gt;pig manure increased water retention ability calculated by the simulations. For the capillary pressure &gt; -50 kPa, control samples had the greatest water saturation level compared with the samples from the other treatments, while there were no significant differences of water saturation of samples from all the treatments for the capillary pressure &lt; -1000 kPa . The simulated water retention results had the same trend with the measured results.&lt;/p&gt;

Characterisation of geotextiles water retention using a modified capillary pressure cell

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Nahlawi ◽  
Abdelmalek Bouazza ◽  
Jayantha Kodikara
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Pressure Cell
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