scholarly journals Nest characteristics and breeding success of Black Kites (Milvus migrans migrans) in the High Plateau (Algeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Sarra Messabhia ◽  
Ettayib Bensaci ◽  
Salah Telailia ◽  
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah ◽  
Menouar Saheb
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

The breeding ecology of the Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans in Algeria was first studied in 2014 and 2015 on Tarf Mountain in the semi-arid High Plateaus region. The nearest-neighbour nest distance was found to range from 130 to 550 m for colonial pairs and from 1,730 to 2,390 m for the solitary ones. All 12 monitored nests were placed on cliffs at different heights ranging from 149 to 155 m. The mean egg laying period was 15 days, and the mean clutch size was 2.83 ± 0.31 and 3 ± 00 eggs per nest in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The mean hatching success was 83% and that of fledging 75%. Only 2 nests were predated. Our results disagree with those of the previous studies that were carried out mainly in the Mediterranean basin and Asia, differing in such nest characteristics as the nearest - neighbour nest distance, cliff and nesting heights, egg laying period and hatching success. Otherwise, no consistent differences in clutch size and fledging success were revealed. Finally, we determined that Black Kites tend to build their nest on the eastern side of cliffs. However, our analysis showed no effect of nest placement on breeding parameters and success.

Breeding Ecology of the Western Long-billed Corella, Cacatua pastinator pastinator

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Smith
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Pair Bonds ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wing Growth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Older Siblings

The breeding ecology of a small population of the western long-billed corella, Cacatua p. pastinator, was investigated for 6 years in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia. Pair-bonds tended to be long-lasting; however, the divorce rate for birds breeding for the first time was 25% with an overall rate of 15%. Females formed stable pair-bonds by age 2, and bred for the first time between 3 and 5 years old; males started breeding when 5 years old. Clutches (range from one to four, mode three) were started in early August; 78% are started in the last 3 weeks of the month. Mean clutch size, brood size and number fledged were 2.7 , 1.9 and 1.6 respectively; there were no significant differences in these parameters among the six years of the study. Hatching was asynchronous and was followed by the death of the young nestlings when they were significantly smaller (77%) than their older siblings. Nestlings fledged when they were about 60 days old; neither their mass or degree of wing growth influenced fledging age. Mean mass of fledglings from broods of three was significantly greater than that of broods of two or one. Productivity was assessed by the numbers of young fledging, surviving the post-fledging period, and reaching independence. Neither mass nor condition at fledging influenced any of these measures; productivity in all three increased with clutch size. Rainfall and temperature had no influence on the numbers fledged, but the number reaching independence was significantly and positively correlated with the mean maximum summer temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the results from studies of other species of cockatoos living in the wheatbelt of Western Australia.

The effects of ice cover over the colony site on reproductive activities of herring gulls

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Morris ◽  
John W. Chardine
Keyword(s):  
Lake Erie ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colony Site ◽  
Reproductive Activities

The substrate at a herring gull (Larus argentatus) colony on Lake Erie near Port Colborne, Ontario (Lighthouse), was completely covered by a thick layer of ice throughout April and early May 1982. Egg laying normally begins at this location in mid-April. An adjacent herring gull colony (Canada Furnace) was ice free. Herring gull pairs at the Lighthouse colony defended territories on top of the ice but only 3 of about 90 pairs built nests on the ice. Birds neither deserted the colony nor moved within it to ice-free areas as these became available. The mean date of egg laying at the Lighthouse colony in 1982 was about 2 weeks later than in the previous year. At the adjacent Canada Furnace colony, there was no difference in the mean date of egg laying between the 2 years. There were no differences in the distribution of clutch sizes, mean clutch sizes, or hatching success of three-egg clutches laid within ± 1 SD of the mean date of egg laying at either colony in the 2 years. By these measures, the ice-induced delay in breeding chronology of birds at the Lighthouse colony in 1982 did not adversely effect reproductive performance in that year.

scholarly journals Breeding biology of Bengal eyed turtle Morenia petersi (Anderson 1879) in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Md Lokman Hossain ◽  
Shorab Uddin Sarker ◽  
Noor Jahan Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Clutch

This study was conducted to determine the breeding season, gonad development, egg laying period, clutch size and other biological aspects of Bengal Eyed Turtle, Morenia petersi of Bangladesh. The egg-laying period was found between November and February. The nesting sites were elevated fallow lands in secluded areas. The female turtle laid all the mature eggs at a time for each clutch at night. A gravid female turtle laid two clutches of eggs in each breeding season and the mean clutch size was 9.7 ± 1.5 eggs and mean weight of each egg was 8.9 ± 1.3 g. The eggs are elongated in shape and whitish in colour. The mean incubation period was 119 ± 30 days. The incubation period of first clutch was the longer than the second clutch. The hatchlings emerged out between April and May. Hatchery success was found 56.8%. The percentage of weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) by weight of hatchlings in the first year was greater than second and third year. Present investigation was made to explore the possibility to raise turtle farming in captive condition.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 169-181, 2014

Fecundity, egg size and the influence of rainfall in an isolated population of malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata)

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Priddel ◽  
Robert Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
New South ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean

An isolated population of malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) at Yalgogrin in New South Wales, Australia, was studied intensively between 1986–87 and 1998–99. During this period the population produced 124 clutches, comprising a total of 1705 eggs. The number of clutches per annum varied between 5 and 15. Eggs were laid between mid-August and mid-February, with 90% laid between the last week of September and the first week of January. The mean date of laying of the first egg of each clutch (±s.d.) was 21 September ± 13 days and the mean date of the last egg was 23 December ± 19 days. The mean duration of egg laying varied significantly between years (range 70–117 days) and was negatively correlated with the daily maximum ambient temperature in December. Cool temperatures and rain in early summer prolonged the laying season. The mean interval between laying was 6.4 ± 1.1 days (range 3–12 days), with eggs laid at a faster rate during the first half of the laying period. Overall, mean clutch size was 14.1 ± 5.8 (range 1–28). Large clutches were the result of an extended period of laying rather than an increase in the rate of laying. Mean clutch size was greatest when laying extended into mid-February. The best predictor of clutch size was rainfall between May and December – the interval spanning both nest construction and egg laying. The mean volume of all measured eggs (n = 1362) was 162.1 ± 9.0 mL (range 99–200 mL). Egg volume varied during the laying period, with those eggs laid early or late in the breeding season being smaller. Eggs at Yalgogrin were, on average, 10.5% smaller than those recorded at nearby Pulletop.

Reproduction du Grand Cormoran (Phalacrocorax carbo) et du Cormoran à aigrettes (P. auritus) aux îles de la Madeleine, Québec

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pilon ◽  
Jean Burton ◽  
Raymond McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Great Cormorant ◽  
Phalacrocorax Carbo ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Great Cormorants ◽  
La Madeleine

The Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) and the Double-crested Cormorant (P. auritus) on the Magdalen Islands (Québec) nest in different types of habitat; all Great Cormorants nest on the ground either on cliff ledges or on the flat tops of rocky islands, while all Double-crested Cormorants nest in coniferous trees. No mixed colonies were seen in 1977 and 1978. Most Great Cormorants laid their eggs some 10 days before the Double-crested Cormorants. The mean clutch size was 4.4 for the Great Cormorant in 1978 and 3.2 and 3.6 for the Double-crested Cormorant in 1977 and 1978. The hatching success was similar for both species, 69.2% for the Great Cormorant in 1978 and 74.5 and 71.8% for the Double-crested Cormorant in 1977 and 1978. Great Cormorant chicks had a higher mortality rate mainly during their first 2 weeks of like. This resulted in a similar ratio of young fledged for both species of cormorant, about 2.0 fledglings per clutch for the Great Cormorant and 2.1 and 2.4 fledglings per clutch for the Double-crested Cormorant in 1977 and 1978. The greater mortality rate of young Great Cormorants reflects differences in nesting sites' conditions.

scholarly journals Nestling Development of Jackdaws Corvus monedula in Agricultural Landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-23
Author(s):  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Leszek Jerzak ◽  
Joerg Boehner
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Nestling Development

Abstract A Jackdaw colony of over 200 nests, built in cavities of old willow trees along 3 km of a small road running through meadows next to the river Narew in an agricultural landscape (15 km southwest of Białystok, NE Poland), was studied to determine nest locations and construction, onset of egg laying, incubation period, egg parameters, clutch size and hatching success, nestling growth and mortality, breeding success as well as predation. The onset of laying and clutch size were correlated with ambient temperature and precipitation (p < 0.001). Hatching success was also determined by these environmental factors as well as by the degree of predation (p < 0,001). There was a statistically significant correlation between clutch size and hatching success (p < 0.001) as well as fledging success (p < 0.001). Nestlings hatching first or second grew faster, reached a higher body weight, and had a lower mortality rate than those hatching last or second to last. There was also a statistically significant correlation between nestling survival and clutch size as well as ambient temperature (p < 0.001 each). Nestling mortality caused by predators, i. e. mainly by martens Martes foina and domestic cats Felis domestica, was high in periods of intensive burning of the meadows surrounding the Jackdaw colony. However, mortality rate of the youngest nestlings was almost 100% lower in periods of high predation compared to times of low predatory activity. Several groups of insects constituted a high amount of nestling food, e. g. 60% of all Orthoptera occurring in the meadows next to the breeding colony. In that area the total dry body mass of phytophagous invertebrates amounted to 1.4-2.0 g per m2, of which 0.3 g were fed to the nestlings. The percentage of zoophagous invertebrates delivered to the offspring was high with about 30-35%. From an economical point of view, Jackdaws during the breeding season are advantageous in an agricultural landscape because they reduce pest insects significantly while consuming only an insignificant amount of all seeds applied.

scholarly journals Breeding Ecology and Nest- Site Selection of Turtle Doves (Streptopelia turtur) in Three New Orchard Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-13
Author(s):  
Thilelli Aitouakli ◽  
Ettayib Bensaci
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Site Selection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Turtle Dove ◽  
Selection Of

The main aim of our work was to investigate the breeding parameters in three orchard types in Algeria (apple, cherry and nectarine) for better conservation of existing species. A total of 149 active Turtle dove nests were monitored in these man–made agro-systems. Egg laying occurred from early May and continued until mid-August. Egg laying started later in cherry trees and stopped earlier in nectarines. Nest density was higher in apple orchards. Nests were located higher in nectarine. Clutch size was similar among orchard types. Northeast was the dominant orientation in all orchards. Breeding success was higher than that recorded in former studies. Desertion was the main cause of nest failure. The apple orchards are the preferred breeding area for turtle dove in this region.

scholarly journals Breeding Ecology of the Pied Avocet, Recurvirosrta avosetta (Charadriiformes, Recurvirostridae), in Tiffech Lake (Souk Ahras, Northeastern Algeria)

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
N. Boukrouma
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Human Predation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Northeastern Algeria

The Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758) is a sedentary species in Northeastern Algeria, although numbers present increase during spring and summer. Nesting occurs on the dikes and lakes placed at the different pools of the saltpans. In this study, the breeding ecology of the Pied Avocet was studied during the 2017 breeding season in Tiffech lake wetland (868 m in elevation), Northeastern Algeria. The Pied Avocets arrived, at Tiffech Lake in early February and usually spent a few days in flocks before dispersing to set up territories. Egg-laying occurred from 11 April to 21 June, with two distinct peaks (last 15 days of April and May) and incubation period was 27.0 days. The present study indicates the expanded, breeding season. Clutch and egg size of this high-elevation population was comparable to lowland counterparts. Hatching success was 85.77 % and mean net productivity was 0.63 chicks per nest. Entire nest failure from human predation and sheep grazing was responsible for most egg losses.

scholarly journals Population status and breeding ecology of Black Kite Milvus migrans (Boddaert, 1783) in Pokhara Valley, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Namuna Khand ◽  
Shaligram Adhikaree ◽  
Milan Kharel ◽  
Ramji Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Population Status ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Pokhara Valley

The present study attempted to provide basic knowledge on population status, breeding success and general behaviours of Black kites in the Pokhara Valley of Nepal. Nesting and roosting sites were directly observed to count the bird in the fields during the study period from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 308 individuals of Black kites were recorded. The highest and least number was recorded in February (n=67) and May (n=31) respectively. The breeding success was found to be 47.22%. The average height, girth and canopy cover of the nesting tree were found at 16.59m, 2.23m and 63.30% respectively. About 67% of nests observed were found active during the breeding season. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient showed a perfect positive relationship between the number of chicks and the number of the nest (r = 1). Bombax ceiba and Dalbergia sissoo were the trees on which the maximum number of nests were observed.

scholarly journals Multiple nesting attempts and long breeding seasons of Mimus gilvus (Aves: Mimidae) in southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Morais ◽  
Luiz Carlos Araújo ◽  
Gleidson Ramos Silva ◽  
Charles Duca
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Seasons

This study describes aspects of the life history of the Tropical MockingbirdMimusgilvus(Vieillot, 1808), including the breeding period, clutch size, nestlings and a list of plants used for nesting. Nests were monitored in an area of Restinga (sand-coastal plain) habitat in a protected area in southeastern Brazil. The data from 181 nests during five breeding seasons (2010-2014) showed that the Tropical Mockingbird has a long breeding season (26.1 ± 2.6 weeks) with up to two peaks of active nests from August to March. The breeding pairs made up to four nesting attempts in the same breeding season. The mean (± SD) clutch size was 2.4 ± 0.6 eggs (n = 169). The mean (± SD) incubation period was 14 ± 0.6 days, and the nestling remained in the nest for 14.5 ± 2.2 days. The nests were built on thirty plant species, andProtiumicicariba(DC.) Marchand. was the plant species most commonly used for nesting. The breeding parameters of the Tropical Mockingbird are similar to those of other Mimidae species. The knowledge gained from this study makes the Tropical Mockingbird a good choice for future studies, particularly for testing ecological and evolutionary hypotheses regarding life history attributes, habitat selection and parental investment.

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