scholarly journals On the economics of post-traumatic stress disorder among first responders in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Wilson ◽  
Harminder Guliani ◽  
Georgi Boichev
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Recent Estimate ◽  
Post Traumatic

There is an increasing awareness of the tragic consequences of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among first responders in Canada. There is also an increasing awareness of the lack of understanding about the economic and social costs of PTSD in Canada. This article aims to briefly review the current evidence on the prevalence rates of PTSD, the economic costs associated with PTSD, and the costs and efficacy of various treatment strategies, to provide a framework for future research on the economic analysis of PTSD. Estimates suggest that as many as 2.5 million adult Canadians and 70,000 Canadian first responders have suffered from PTSD in their lifetimes. While we could not find any evidence on the economic cost of PTSD specifically, a recent estimate suggests that mental illness in the Canadian labour force results in productivity losses of $21 billion each year. Research from Australia suggests that expanded mental health care may improve the benefits of treatment over traditional care, and more cost-effectively. Given the methodological challenges in the existing studies and the paucity of evidence on Canada, more Canadian studies on prevalence, on the economic and social costs of PTSD, and on the costs and effectiveness of various treatment options are encouraged.

scholarly journals Digital-Based Interventions for Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Protocol for a Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meg Blackie ◽  
Kathleen De Boer ◽  
Elizabeth Seabrook ◽  
Glen William Bates ◽  
Maja Nedeljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Access Barriers ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Post Traumatic

The 11th edition of the International Classification of Disease has included Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD) as a clinical diagnosis separate to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Research has shown that cPTSD differs significantly from PTSD on core symptoms relating to the individual’s sense of self; which has driven research investigating treatment approaches to address these specific features of cPTSD. Evidence for effective treatments for cPTSD delivered within in-person settings has been synthesised, however, authors have noted significant access barriers to such specialised treatments. Digital-based intervention (DBI) approaches may overcome such access barriers and have shown effectiveness in treating non-complex PTSD across several systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The current protocol however, proposes a methodology for conducting the first systematic review of research investigating the use of DBIs for treating cPTSD, as there has not yet been a comprehensive synthesis of this research. The review seeks to understand (1) the treatment approaches employed in DBIs for addressing symptoms of cPTSD, (2) the symptoms of cPTSD that are targeted by DBIs, (3) the evidence for the acceptability and effectiveness of DBIs in treating symptoms of cPTSD, and (4) measures taken to ensure the safe and confidential delivery of DBIs for cPTSD. A systematic search of Scopus, PsychINFO, and EBSCOhost is proposed, using search terms targeting ‘cPTSD’ and ‘DBIs’. Literature will be screened against eligibility criteria by two independent reviewers and included studies will be assessed for quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data will be extracted by the same two reviewers, then analysed and synthesised in narrative form by a single reviewer. The findings from the systematic review will provide an understanding of the state of current evidence and inform directions for direct future research aiming to develop effective DBIs for cPTSD.

scholarly journals Treatment of adult post-traumatic stress disorder using a future-oriented writing therapy approach

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald D. V. Nixon ◽  
Leonard W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Ptsd Severity

AbstractThe aim of this pilot study was to test whether a future-oriented expressive writing intervention is able to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and associated symptoms such as depression and unhelpful trauma-related beliefs. In an uncontrolled pre-/ post-design participants attended 8 weeks of manualized therapy. Assessment was undertaken pre- and post-treatment, and participants also completed a 3-month follow-up assessment. Of the 17 participants who began therapy, 13 were treatment completers. Results indicated a significant decrease in PTSD severity, depression and unhelpful trauma-related cognitions from pre- to post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. Clinically meaningful change was more modest; however, three participants reported PTSD remission at 3-month follow-up. It is concluded that expressive writing with a focus on achieving future goals and personal change may have some utility in reducing post-traumatic stress but future research will need to investigate this with greater methodological rigour before firm conclusions can be made.

scholarly journals Post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth: an update of current issues and recommendations for future research

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstie McKenzie-McHarg ◽  
Susan Ayers ◽  
Elizabeth Ford ◽  
Antje Horsch ◽  
Julie Jomeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Cortisol and post-traumatic stress disorder in adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 191 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Louise Meewisse ◽  
Johannes B. Reitsma ◽  
Giel-Jan De Vries ◽  
Berthold P. R. Gersons ◽  
Miranda Olff
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Basal Cortisol ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Low Cortisol

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has inconsistently been associated with lower levels of cortisol.AimsTo compare basal cortisol levels in adults with current PTSD and in people without psychiatric disorder.MethodSystematic review and meta-analysis. Standardised mean differences (SMD) in basal cortisol levels were calculated and random-effects models using inverse variance weighting were applied.ResultsAcross 37 studies, 828 people with PTSD and 800 controls did not differ in cortisol levels (pooled SMD = −0.12, 95% C1= −0.32 to 0.080). Subgroup analyses revealed that studies assessing plasma or serum showed significantly lower levels in people with PTSD than in controls not exposed to trauma. Lower levels were also found in people with PTSD when females were included, in studies on physical or sexual abuse, and in afternoon samples.ConclusionsLow cortisol levels in PTSD are only found under certain conditions. Future research should elucidate whether low cortisol is related to gender or abuse and depends on the measurement methods used.

scholarly journals TENTS guidelines: development of post-disaster psychosocial care guidelines through a Delphi process

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan I. Bisson ◽  
Behrooz Tavakoly ◽  
Anke B. Witteveen ◽  
Dean Ajdukovic ◽  
Louis Jehel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Delphi Process ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Guidelines Development ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Post Disaster

BackgroundHow best to plan and provide psychosocial care following disasters remains keenly debated.AimsTo develop evidence-informed post-disaster psychosocial management guidelines.MethodA three-round web-based Delphi process was conducted. One hundred and six experts rated the importance of statements generated from existing evidence using a one to nine scale. Participants reassessed their original scores in the light of others' responses in the subsequent rounds.ResultsA total of 80 (72%) of 111 statements achieved consensus for inclusion. The statement ‘all responses should provide access to pharmacological assessment and management’ did not achieve consensus. The final guidelines recommend that every area has a multi-agency psychosocial care planning group, that responses provide general support, access to social, physical and psychological support and that specific mental health interventions are only provided if indicated by a comprehensive assessment. Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) is recommended for acute stress disorder or acute post-traumatic stress disorder, with other treatments with an evidence base for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder being made available if trauma-focused CBT is not tolerated.ConclusionsThe Delphi process allowed a consensus to be achieved in an area where there are limitations to the current evidence.

World War II-related post-traumatic stress disorder and breast cancer risk among Israeli women: a case-control study

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neomi Vin-Raviv ◽  
Rachel Dekel ◽  
Micha Barchana ◽  
Shai Linn ◽  
Lital Keinan-Boker
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
World War ◽  
Post Traumatic

ABSTRACTBackground:Several studies have suggested that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is related to adverse health outcomes. There are limited data on PTSD and cancer, which has a long latency period. We investigated the association between World War II (WWII)-related PTSD and subsequent breast cancer (BC) risk among Jewish WWII survivors and examined whether this association was modified by exposure to hunger during WWII.Methods:We compared 65 BC patients diagnosed in 2005 through 2010 to 200 population-based controls who were members of various organizations for Jewish WWII survivors in Israel. All participants were born in Europe, lived at least six months under Nazi rule during WWII, and immigrated to Israel after the war. We estimated PTSD using the PTSD Inventory and applied logistic regression models to estimate the association between WWII-related PTSD and BC, adjusting for potential confounders.Results:We observed a linear association between WWII-related PTSD and BC risk. This association remained significant following adjustment for potential confounders, including obesity, alcohol consumption, smoking, age during WWII, hunger exposure during WWII, and total number of traumatic life events (OR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.14–7.31). However, the level of hunger exposure during WWII modified this effect significantly.Conclusions:These findings suggest an independent association between WWII-related PTSD and subsequent BC risk in Jewish WWII survivors that is modified by hunger, a novel finding. Future research is needed to further explore these findings.

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